启运港退税政策实施中的港口选择模型
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摘要
在保税港区对周边内陆干港与内贸港口实施启运港退税政策的背景下,基于用户均衡货流分配理论,构建实施启运港退税政策的港口(启运港)选择模型.模型可在既定总投资额的约束下,以区域社会经济效益最大为目标,确定启运港的数量与位置.设计嵌入Frank-Wolfe算法的遗传算法求解模型,并使用大连港腹地的出口数据进行实例分析.结果表明:依托大连保税港区实施启运港退税政策后,哈尔滨等七地被选为启运港,价值388.6亿美元的出口货物所在企业每年能够提前10～25天获得退税款46.7亿美元.上述模型和算法可为政府制定、实施启运港退税政策提供必要的决策支持.
On the background that the bonded port area implemens the tax rebate policy for departure ports to the neighbouring inland dry ports and domestic trade ports, a port(port of departure) selection model was constructed to implement the policy of tax rebate at the port of departure based on the theory of user equilibrium cargo flow distribution. The model can determine the number and location of the port of departure under the constraints of the fixed total investment and to maximize the regional socio-economic benefits. A genetic algorithm model embedded with the Frank-Wolfe algorithm was designed and solved, and the export data of Dalian port hinterland were used for case analysis. Results show that after the implementation of the tax refund policy for the port of departure relying on the Dalian Bonded Port Area, seven places such as Harbin were selected as the port of departure, and the enterprises with export goods valued at USD 38.86 billion can receive a tax refund of USD 4.67 billion 10 ～ 25 days in advance each year. The above models and algorithms can provide necessary decision support for the government to formulate and implement the tax rebate policy for the port of departure.
On the background that the bonded port area implemens the tax rebate policy for departure ports to the neighbouring inland dry ports and domestic trade ports, a port(port of departure) selection model was constructed to implement the policy of tax rebate at the port of departure based on the theory of user equilibrium cargo flow distribution. The model can determine the number and location of the port of departure under the constraints of the fixed total investment and to maximize the regional socio-economic benefits. A genetic algorithm model embedded with the Frank-Wolfe algorithm was designed and solved, and the export data of Dalian port hinterland were used for case analysis. Results show that after the implementation of the tax refund policy for the port of departure relying on the Dalian Bonded Port Area, seven places such as Harbin were selected as the port of departure, and the enterprises with export goods valued at USD 38.86 billion can receive a tax refund of USD 4.67 billion 10 ～ 25 days in advance each year. The above models and algorithms can provide necessary decision support for the government to formulate and implement the tax rebate policy for the port of departure.
引文
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[15]吕靖,常征.绿色物流理念下的内陆港选址模型及求解[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(2):21-26.LV J,CHANG Z.Location model and solution for inland ports based on green conception[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2013,13(2):21-26.(in Chinese)
[16]常征,齐壮,吕靖.带有多重能力等级选择的内陆港选址问题研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(3):184-191.CHANG Z,QI Z,LV J.Inland port location problem with multiple capacity level choices[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(3):184-191.(in Chinese)
[17]陈康,杨忠振.基于三方博弈的短途班轮航线优化模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2011 (6):74-81.CHEN K,YANG Z Z.Optimization model of short-distance liner ship route based on tripartite game[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011 (6):74-81.(in Chinese)
[18]SHEFFI Y.Urban transportation networks:equilibrium analysis with mathematical programming methods[M].MIT Press,1985.
[2]王文清.如何操作出口货物启运港退税[J].进出口经理人,2013(3):70-71.WANG W Q.How to operate the export goods departure port refund [J].World Trade Information of Mechanelectronics,2013 (3):70-71.(in Chinese)
[3]林国龙,信晓雷,丁一.基于启运港退税的航线网络优化[J].上海海事大学学报,2015,36(1):1-5.LIN G L,XIN X L,DING Y.Route network optimization based on tax refund at ports of departure [J].Journal of Shanghai Maritime University,2015,36(1):1-5.(in Chinese)
[4]杨芊,林国龙,信晓雷.启运港退税的航线网络鲁棒优化[J].水运管理,2015,37(10):8-11.YANG Q,LIN G L,XIN X L.Robust optimization of route network for tax rebate in port of departure[J].Shipping Management,2015,37(10):8-11.(in Chinese)
[5]CHEN C H,MAI C C,YU H C.The effect of export tax rebates on export performance:Theory and evidence from China[J].China Economic Review,2006,17(2):226-235.
[6]刘忠,杜艳,周茂.服装出口退税政策效应分析——基于产品异质性及国际竞争视角[J].经济与管理研究,2016,37(9):77-87.LIU Z,DU Y,ZHOU M.Effects of export rebate policy of apparel industry—from the perspective of product heterogeneity and international competition[J].Research on Economics and Management,2016,37(9):77-87.(in Chinese)
[7]兰宜生,刘晴.对我国出口退税政策效果的实证分析及反思[J].财贸经济,2011(9):80-84.LAN Y S,LIU Q.Rethought based on empirical study of the effects of China’s export tax rebate policy[J].Finance & Trade Economics,2011(9):80-84.(in Chinese)
[8]辜娜,吴磊.出口退税政策对出口贸易影响的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2017 (9):159-162.GU N,WU L.An empirical analysis of the impact of export tax rebate policy on export trade[J].Statistics & Decision,2017 (9):159-162.(in Chinese)
[9]周曙东,崔奇峰.中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立对中国进出口贸易的影响——基于GTAP模型的模拟分析[J].国际贸易问题,2010(3):54-59.ZHOU S D,CUI Q F.Effect of establishment of CAFTA on Chinese import and export:based on simulation analysis of GTAP model[J].Journal of International Trade,2010(3):54-59.(in Chinese)
[10]张洪,王庭东.上合组织自贸区经济效应的前瞻性研究——基于GTAP模型的模拟[J].南方经济,2018(3):84-98.ZHANG H,WANG T D.A prospective study on economic effects of Shanghai Cooperation Organization FTA:based on the simulation of GTAP[J].South China Journal of Economics,2018(3):84-98.(in Chinese)
[11]叶修群,郭晓合.我国沿海自由贸易园区的贸易效应——基于面板数据的引力模型分析[J].经济经纬,2016(4):74-79.YE X Q,GUO X H.The trade effect of coastal free trade zones (Ftzs) in China—a research based on the panel data by gravity model[J].Economic Survey,2016(4):74-79.(in Chinese)
[12]张晓钦,韩传峰.中国—东盟自由贸易区基础设施、经济制度与贸易流量的实证分析[J].系统工程,2016(1):48-53.ZHANG X Q,HAN C F.An empirical analysis on infrastructure,economic institution and trade flow for CAFTA[J].Systems Engineering,2016(1):48-53.(in Chinese)
[13]YANG H.Inland port location model under Trans Texas Corridor concept[D].El Paso:University of Texas,2006.
[14]梁承姬,高瑞瑞.宁波港中距离无水港选址问题研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2017,53(13):259-265.LIANG C J,GAO R R.Location of mid-range dry ports of Ningbo port[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2017,53(13):259-265.(in Chinese)
[15]吕靖,常征.绿色物流理念下的内陆港选址模型及求解[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(2):21-26.LV J,CHANG Z.Location model and solution for inland ports based on green conception[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2013,13(2):21-26.(in Chinese)
[16]常征,齐壮,吕靖.带有多重能力等级选择的内陆港选址问题研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(3):184-191.CHANG Z,QI Z,LV J.Inland port location problem with multiple capacity level choices[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(3):184-191.(in Chinese)
[17]陈康,杨忠振.基于三方博弈的短途班轮航线优化模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2011 (6):74-81.CHEN K,YANG Z Z.Optimization model of short-distance liner ship route based on tripartite game[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011 (6):74-81.(in Chinese)
[18]SHEFFI Y.Urban transportation networks:equilibrium analysis with mathematical programming methods[M].MIT Press,1985.