青藏高原东北缘主要断裂闭锁特征和滑动亏损研究
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摘要
利用1999—2015年GPS水平速度场,基于块体-位错模型,反演了青藏高原东北缘4条主要断裂(海原断裂,六盘山断裂,陇县—宝鸡断裂,西秦岭北缘断裂)的闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率的空间分布,并分析了各断裂的地震危险性。结果显示,六盘山断裂南段、陇县-宝鸡断裂北段、西秦岭北缘断裂东段闭锁程度最强,闭锁深度达到24km左右;西秦岭北缘断裂东段滑动亏损速率最大,平均值达到3mm/a;六盘山断裂南段、陇县—宝鸡断裂北段滑动亏损速率平均值达到1.9mm/a,稍弱于西秦岭北缘断裂东段;海原断裂闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率相对较小,闭锁程度和滑动亏损都仅分布在浅部。我们认为现阶段海原断裂的地震危险性相对较小,六盘山断裂南段、陇县—宝鸡北段、西秦岭北缘断裂东段地震危险性高于这些断裂的其他段落。这些结果对于青藏高原东北缘地震危险性判定和地震灾害评估具有参考意义。
By using horizontal data during 1999—2015 and based on the block-dislocation model,this paper inverted the spatial distribution of locking degree and slip deficit rate of four main faults,Haiyuan,Liupanshan,Longxian-Baoji and west Qingling faults in northeast margin of Tibetan plateau.Combining the inversion results,the earthquake potentials of the four faults was analyzed.The inversion results show that the locking degree of the southern segment of Liupanshan fault,the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault and the eastern segment of West Qingling are the strongest with blocking depth up to 24 km.The slip deficit rate of the eastern segment of the West Qingling fault is largest with average up to 3 mm/a.The southern segment of Liupanshan fault and the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault are slightly smaller than that of the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault with average up to 1.9 mm/a.Both the locking degree and slip deficit rate of Haiyuan fault are relatively small and distribute in shallow part.The analysis result suggests the earthquake risk of the southern segment of Liupanshan fault,the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault and the eastern segment of West Qingling fault are larger than other segments of these faults.
By using horizontal data during 1999—2015 and based on the block-dislocation model,this paper inverted the spatial distribution of locking degree and slip deficit rate of four main faults,Haiyuan,Liupanshan,Longxian-Baoji and west Qingling faults in northeast margin of Tibetan plateau.Combining the inversion results,the earthquake potentials of the four faults was analyzed.The inversion results show that the locking degree of the southern segment of Liupanshan fault,the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault and the eastern segment of West Qingling are the strongest with blocking depth up to 24 km.The slip deficit rate of the eastern segment of the West Qingling fault is largest with average up to 3 mm/a.The southern segment of Liupanshan fault and the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault are slightly smaller than that of the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault with average up to 1.9 mm/a.Both the locking degree and slip deficit rate of Haiyuan fault are relatively small and distribute in shallow part.The analysis result suggests the earthquake risk of the southern segment of Liupanshan fault,the northern segment of Longxian—Baoji fault and the eastern segment of West Qingling fault are larger than other segments of these faults.
引文
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[2]邓起东,袁道阳,李廷栋,等.公元600年秦陇地震考证与发震构造探讨[J].科技导报,2013,31(12):48-52.
[3]袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):270-278.
[4]田勤俭,丁国瑜,申旭辉.青藏高原东北隅强震构造模型[J].地震,2002,22(1):9-16.
[5]李强,江在森,武艳强,等.利用GPS资料反演海原—六盘山断裂带闭锁程度与滑动亏损分布[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014,39(5):575-580.
[6]徐婉桢,孟国杰,苏小宁.基于GPS观测的六盘山断裂震间闭锁特征研究[J].地震,2016,36(3):14-24.
[7]Savage J C,Burford R O.Geodetic Determination of Relative Plate Motion in Central California[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1973,78(5):832-845.
[8]Matsu'Ura M,Jackson D D,Cheng A.Dislocation model for aseismic crustal deformation at Hollister,California[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1986,91(B12):12 661-12 674.
[9]MaCaffrey R.Crustal Block Rotations and Plate Coupling[J].Plate Boundary Zones,2002,30:101-122.
[10]Savage J C,Gan W,Svarc J L.Strain accumulation and rotation in the Eastern California Shear Zone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2001,106(B10):21 995-22 007.
[11]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.
[12]Loveless J P,Meade B J.Partitioning of localized and diffuse deformation in the Tibetan Plateau from joint inversions of geologic and geodetic observations[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2011,303(1-2):11-24.
[13]赵静,牛安福,李强,等.陇西块体周边断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损特征研究[J].地震研究,2016,39(3):351-358.
[14]Meng G J,Su X N,Wu W W,et al.Heterogeneous strain regime in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications[J].Earthquake Sci,2015,28(1):1-10.
[15]赵红格,刘池洋,王峰.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的构造分区性探讨[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):542-542.
[16]赵红格,李琼.鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代裂变径迹差异升降特点[C]∥鄂尔多斯盆地及邻区中新生代演化动力学和其资源环境效应学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.2005.
[17]张希,张晓亮,王双绪,等.青藏块体东北缘近期地壳水平运动与应变积累[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(4):12-16.
[18]万永革,沈正康,盛书中,等.2008年汶川大地震对周围断层的影响[J].地震学报,2009,31(2):128-139.
[19]石卫.陇县—宝鸡断裂带发育特征及活动性分析[D].长安大学,2011.
[20]袁道阳,杨明.西秦岭北缘断裂带的位移累积滑动亏损特征及其破裂分段性研究[J].地震研究,1999,(4):382-389.
[21]徐伟进,高孟潭.中国大陆及周缘地震目录完整性统计分析[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(9):2 802-2 812.
[22]Yang Z X,Waldhuser F,Chen Y T,et al.Double-difference relocation of earthquakes in centralwestern China[J],Journal of seismology,2005,9(2):241-264.
[23]Macaffrey R.DEFNODE User’s Manual Version[M].2007,http:∥web.pdx.edu/~mccaf/www/defnode/defnode_071025.html.
[24]曹娟娟,刘百篪,闻学泽.西秦岭北缘断裂带特征地震平均复发间隔的确定和地震危险性评价[J].地震研究,2003,26(4):372-381.
[25]M7专项工作组.中国大陆大地震中-长期危险性研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2012.
[26]史志刚.六盘山地区断裂新活动特征与大震危险性趋势判定[D].中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2011.
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