干气密封滑动摩擦界面切向接触刚度分形模型
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摘要
为揭示干气密封滑动摩擦界面高频微幅自激摩擦振动规律,用分形参数表征摩擦界面形貌特性,根据重新建立的微凸体接触变形方式,以及对非协调弹性体在切向力作用下初始滑动问题的研究,建立了干气密封滑动摩擦界面切向接触刚度分形模型.通过数值对切向接触刚度的影响因素进行了分析,研究结果表明:切向接触刚度随分形维数、真实接触面积和材料特性系数的增大而增大;切向接触刚度随特征尺度、摩擦系数的增大逐渐减小.相比于分形维数、特征尺度和材料特性系数对切向接触刚度的影响,摩擦系数的影响相对较小.这些研究结果为进一步研究干气密封高频微幅自激摩擦振动奠定了基础.
In order to reveal the self-excited frictional vibration law with high frequency and micro-amplitude of the sliding frictional interface in dry gas seals, the end face morphology of dry gas seals was characterized by fractal parameters. According to the re-established contact deformation model of the micro-convex body and the researches about the incipient sliding problem of the non-conforming elastic bodies under tangential force, the fractal model for tangential contact stiffness of dry gas seals was established. The key factors influencing the tangential contact stiffness were analyzed numerically, and the results showed that the tangential contact stiffness increased with the increased of fractal dimension, real contact area, and material properties factor. It decreased with the increased of the characteristic scale and friction coefficient. The effect of the coefficient of friction on the tangential contact stiffness was relatively small compared to the fractal dimension, the characteristic scale and the material properties factor. These researches provided a foundation for further study of the self-excited frictional vibration with high frequency and micro-amplitude in dry gas seals.
In order to reveal the self-excited frictional vibration law with high frequency and micro-amplitude of the sliding frictional interface in dry gas seals, the end face morphology of dry gas seals was characterized by fractal parameters. According to the re-established contact deformation model of the micro-convex body and the researches about the incipient sliding problem of the non-conforming elastic bodies under tangential force, the fractal model for tangential contact stiffness of dry gas seals was established. The key factors influencing the tangential contact stiffness were analyzed numerically, and the results showed that the tangential contact stiffness increased with the increased of fractal dimension, real contact area, and material properties factor. It decreased with the increased of the characteristic scale and friction coefficient. The effect of the coefficient of friction on the tangential contact stiffness was relatively small compared to the fractal dimension, the characteristic scale and the material properties factor. These researches provided a foundation for further study of the self-excited frictional vibration with high frequency and micro-amplitude in dry gas seals.
引文
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[14]Wen Shuhua,Zhang Xueliang,Wen Xiaoguang,et al.Fractal model of the tangential contact stiffness of joint interfaces and its simulation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):223-227(in Chinese)[温淑花,张学良,文晓光,等.结合面切向接触刚度分形模型建立与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(12):223-227].
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[17]Medina S,Nowell D,Dini D.Analytical and numerical models for tangential stiffness of rough elastic contacts[J].Tribology Letters,2013,49(1):103-15.doi:10.1007/s11249-012-0049-y.
[18]Tian Hongliang,Zhao Chunhua,Fang Zifan,et al.Improved model of tangential stiffness for joint interface using anisotropic fractal theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for AgriculturalMachinery,2013,44(3):257-266(in Chinese)[田红亮,赵春华,方子帆,等.基于各向异性分形理论的结合面切向刚度改进模型[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):257-266].
[19]Shi Junping,Zhu Hong,Cao Xiaoshan.Probability and statistic model of tangential contact stiffness of joint surfaces[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(6):226-231(in Chinese)[师俊平,朱红,曹小杉.结合面切向接触刚度的概率统计模型[J].工程力学,2014,31(6):226-231].
[20]Shi Junping,Cao Xiaoshan,Zhu Hong.Tangential contact stiffness of rough cylindrical faying surfaces based on the fractal theory[J].Journal of Tribology-transactions of the ASME,2014,136(4):041401-8.doi:10.1115/1.4028042.
[21]Chen Qi,Zhang Zhen,Liu Peng,et al.Research on fractal model of tangential contact stiffness between cylindrical surfaces considering friction factors[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(23):168-175(in Chinese)[陈奇,张振,刘鹏,等.考虑摩擦的圆柱面切向接触刚度分形模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(23):168-175].
[22]Pan Wujiu,Li Xiaopeng,Li Muyan,et al.Three-dimensional fractal theory modeling of tangential contact stiffness of mechanized jointsurfaces[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2017,30(4):577-586(in Chinese)[潘五九,李小彭,李木岩,等.机械结合面切向接触刚度的三维分形理论建模[J].振动工程学报,2017,30(4):577-586].
[23]Ding Xuexing,Yan Ruqi,Chen Jinlin,et al.Fractal model of temperature distribution of frictional interface in contacting mechanical seals[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(11):4543-4550(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,严如奇,陈金林,等.接触式机械密封摩擦界面温度分布分形模型[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4543-4550].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.11.047.
[24]Johnson K L.Contact mechanics[M].London:Cambridge Univity Press,1985.
[25]Ding Xuexing,Yan Ruqi,Jia Yonlei.Construction and analysis of fractal contact mechanics model[J].Tribology,2014,34(4):341-347(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,严如奇,贾永磊.基于基底长度的粗糙表面分形接触模型的构建与分析[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(4):341-347].doi:doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2014.04.001.
[26]Wang S,Komvopoulos K.Fractal theory of the interfacial temperature distribution in the slow sliding regime:Part I-Elastic contact and heat transfer analysis[J].Journal of Tribology,1994,116(4):812-823.doi:10.1115/1.2927338.
[2]Wang Heshun;Chen Cichang;Huang Zepei,et al.Research on startup process of dry gas seal[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006(1):14-16,19(in Chinese)[王和顺,陈次昌,黄泽沛,等.干气密封启动过程研究[J].润滑与密封,2006(1):14-16,19].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.01.004.
[3]Chen Yuan,Peng Xudong,Li Jiyun,et al.The influence of structure parameters of spiral groove on dynamic characteristics of dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2016,36(4):397-405(in Chinese)[陈源,彭旭东,李纪云,等.螺旋槽结构参数对干气密封动态特性的影响研究[J].摩擦学学报,2 0 1 6,3 6(4):3 9 7-4 0 5].d o i:10.16078/j.tribology.2016.04.001.
[4]Ding Xuexing,Wang Pingxi,Zhang Weizheng,et al.Analysis of tribological test and performance under rings end faces of spiral groove dry gas seal[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(1):208-214(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,王平西,张伟政,等.螺旋槽干气密封环端面摩擦试验及其性能分析[J].化工学报,2017,68(1):208-214].
[5]Ding Xuexing,Wang Pingxi,Wei Long,et al.Experimental study on friction characteristics of end face of dry gas seal rings with different spiral angle[J].Tribology,2017,37(3):290-296(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,王平西,魏龙,等.两种螺旋角干气密封环端面摩擦特性试验研究[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(3):290-296].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.03.002.
[6]Yan Ruqi.The research of contact and temperature rise in frictional interface of mechanical seal based on fractal theory[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2015(in Chinese)[严如奇.基于分形理论的机械密封摩擦界面接触及温升研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2015].
[7]Huang W,Lin Y,Gao Z,et al.An acoustic emission study on the starting and stopping processes of a dry gas seal for pumps[J].Tribology Letters,2013,49(2):379-384.doi:10.1007/s11249-012-0077-7.
[8]Huang W,Lin Y,Liu Y,et al.Face rub-impact monitoring of a dry gas seal using acoustic emission[J].Tribology Letters,2013,52(2):253-259.doi:10.1007/s11249-013-0210-2.
[9]Ge Shirong,Zhu Hua.Complicate tribological systems and quantitative study methods of their problems[J].Tribology,2002,22(5):405-408(in Chinese)[葛世荣,朱华.摩擦学复杂系统及其问题的量化研究方法[J].摩擦学学报,2002,22(5):405-408].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2002.05.020.
[10]Ding Qian,Zhai Hongmei.The advance in researches of friction dynamics in mechanics system[J].Advances in Mechanics,2013,43(1):112-131(in Chinese)[丁千,翟红梅.机械系统摩擦动力学研究进展[J].力学进展,2013,43(1):112-131].
[11]Li Jingming,Wei Haijun,Wei Lidui,et al.Frictional vibration signals based on harmonic wavelet and detrended fluctuation analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(15):235-239,264(in Chinese)[李精明,魏海军,魏立队,等.基于谐波小波和去趋势波动分析的摩擦振动信号研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(15):235-239,264].
[12]Zhang Xueliang,Wen Shuhua,Xu Gening,et al.Fractal model of the tangential contact stiffness of machined surfaces in contact[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2003,20(1):70-72,162(in Chinese)[张学良,温淑花,徐格宁,等.结合部切向接触刚度分形模型研究[J].应用力学学报,2003,20(1):70-72,162].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4939.2003.01.014.
[13]Jiang Shuyun,Zheng Yunjian,Zhu Hua.A contact stiffness model of machined plane joint based on fractal theory[J].Journal of Tribology,2010,132(1):0114011-7.
[14]Wen Shuhua,Zhang Xueliang,Wen Xiaoguang,et al.Fractal model of the tangential contact stiffness of joint interfaces and its simulation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):223-227(in Chinese)[温淑花,张学良,文晓光,等.结合面切向接触刚度分形模型建立与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(12):223-227].
[15]Kartal M E,Mulvihill D M,Nowell D,et al.Measurements of pressure and area dependent tangential contact stiffness between rough surfaces using digital image correlation[J].Tribology International,2011,44(10):1188-1198.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2011.05.025.
[16]Li Xiaopeng,Ju Xing,Zhao Guanghui,et al.Fractal prediction model for tangential contact stiffness of joint surface consideringfriction factors and its simulation analysis[J].Tribology,2013,33(5):463-468(in Chinese)[李小彭,鞠行,赵光辉,等.考虑摩擦因素的结合面切向接触刚度分形预估模型及其仿真分析[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(5):463-468].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-2162.2014.05.422.
[17]Medina S,Nowell D,Dini D.Analytical and numerical models for tangential stiffness of rough elastic contacts[J].Tribology Letters,2013,49(1):103-15.doi:10.1007/s11249-012-0049-y.
[18]Tian Hongliang,Zhao Chunhua,Fang Zifan,et al.Improved model of tangential stiffness for joint interface using anisotropic fractal theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for AgriculturalMachinery,2013,44(3):257-266(in Chinese)[田红亮,赵春华,方子帆,等.基于各向异性分形理论的结合面切向刚度改进模型[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):257-266].
[19]Shi Junping,Zhu Hong,Cao Xiaoshan.Probability and statistic model of tangential contact stiffness of joint surfaces[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(6):226-231(in Chinese)[师俊平,朱红,曹小杉.结合面切向接触刚度的概率统计模型[J].工程力学,2014,31(6):226-231].
[20]Shi Junping,Cao Xiaoshan,Zhu Hong.Tangential contact stiffness of rough cylindrical faying surfaces based on the fractal theory[J].Journal of Tribology-transactions of the ASME,2014,136(4):041401-8.doi:10.1115/1.4028042.
[21]Chen Qi,Zhang Zhen,Liu Peng,et al.Research on fractal model of tangential contact stiffness between cylindrical surfaces considering friction factors[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(23):168-175(in Chinese)[陈奇,张振,刘鹏,等.考虑摩擦的圆柱面切向接触刚度分形模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(23):168-175].
[22]Pan Wujiu,Li Xiaopeng,Li Muyan,et al.Three-dimensional fractal theory modeling of tangential contact stiffness of mechanized jointsurfaces[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2017,30(4):577-586(in Chinese)[潘五九,李小彭,李木岩,等.机械结合面切向接触刚度的三维分形理论建模[J].振动工程学报,2017,30(4):577-586].
[23]Ding Xuexing,Yan Ruqi,Chen Jinlin,et al.Fractal model of temperature distribution of frictional interface in contacting mechanical seals[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(11):4543-4550(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,严如奇,陈金林,等.接触式机械密封摩擦界面温度分布分形模型[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4543-4550].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.11.047.
[24]Johnson K L.Contact mechanics[M].London:Cambridge Univity Press,1985.
[25]Ding Xuexing,Yan Ruqi,Jia Yonlei.Construction and analysis of fractal contact mechanics model[J].Tribology,2014,34(4):341-347(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,严如奇,贾永磊.基于基底长度的粗糙表面分形接触模型的构建与分析[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(4):341-347].doi:doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2014.04.001.
[26]Wang S,Komvopoulos K.Fractal theory of the interfacial temperature distribution in the slow sliding regime:Part I-Elastic contact and heat transfer analysis[J].Journal of Tribology,1994,116(4):812-823.doi:10.1115/1.2927338.