青藏高原东南部地貌特征与藏水北调源头段的可能线路——试评“红旗河工程”构想
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摘要
本文根据S4679课题组关于"红旗河"西部调水工程的网络报道信息和王浩院士在清华大学的讲演视频,按其提供的"红旗河"河道节点高程,在Google Earth地图上标定了"红旗河"在雅鲁藏布大峡谷的起点和源头段多处河流节点的地理坐标。按照课题组设定的自流河道坡度(2.10?或稍高),作者无法在我国境内等高线图上找出一条能"自流"到怒江的河道线路,这是由青藏高原东南部(地球上高差最大地区)被并行南流的一系列大江大河深深切割的高山深谷地貌特征所决定的。"红旗河"构想的无深埋长隧洞的509 km源头段自流河道纯属虚构,实际上在我国境内不存在这样的自流线路。若辅助于深埋长隧洞工程,本文提出含有70 km隧洞穿越岗日嘎布山和66 km隧洞穿越伯舒拉岭的自流河道新线路,称之为"雅怒河",以备参考。同样,对于源头段以下的"红旗河"河道,由于天然河道比降太大,亦无法像课题组构想的那样,对怒江60 km、澜沧江43 km和金沙江97 km共计200 km自然河道加以利用。
This paper calibrates the geographical coordinates of the river nodes at the starting point and source section of the "Hongqi River" in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon on the Google Earth map according to the elevations of the "Hongqi River" river nodes provided by the network report information of the S4679 research group on the "Hongqi River" Western Water Transfer Project and the lecture video of WANG Hao, member of China Engineering Academy at Tsinghua University. The authors cannot find a river line that can "self-flow" to the Nujiang River on the contour map of China on the basis of the self-flowing river slope set by the research group(2.10? or slightly higher). It determined by the characteristics of the deep valleys cut by a series of large rivers in southeastern Tibetan Plateau(area with largest elevation difference on the earth). The 509 km source section of the "Hongqi River" without deep buried long tunnel is purely fictitious. In fact, there is no such free-flow line in China. If deep buried long tunnel project is really needed, this paper proposes a new self-flowing river channel with a 70 km tunnel crossing the Kangrigaribo Mountain and the 66 km tunnel crossing the Boshula Ridge, which is called "Yanu River", for reference. Similarly, for the "Hongqi River" channel below the source section, due to the large natural river channel drop, it is not possible to use the 200 km natural river channel of 60 km of Nujiang River, 43 km of Lancang River and 97 km of Jinsha River as the research team has conceived.
This paper calibrates the geographical coordinates of the river nodes at the starting point and source section of the "Hongqi River" in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon on the Google Earth map according to the elevations of the "Hongqi River" river nodes provided by the network report information of the S4679 research group on the "Hongqi River" Western Water Transfer Project and the lecture video of WANG Hao, member of China Engineering Academy at Tsinghua University. The authors cannot find a river line that can "self-flow" to the Nujiang River on the contour map of China on the basis of the self-flowing river slope set by the research group(2.10? or slightly higher). It determined by the characteristics of the deep valleys cut by a series of large rivers in southeastern Tibetan Plateau(area with largest elevation difference on the earth). The 509 km source section of the "Hongqi River" without deep buried long tunnel is purely fictitious. In fact, there is no such free-flow line in China. If deep buried long tunnel project is really needed, this paper proposes a new self-flowing river channel with a 70 km tunnel crossing the Kangrigaribo Mountain and the 66 km tunnel crossing the Boshula Ridge, which is called "Yanu River", for reference. Similarly, for the "Hongqi River" channel below the source section, due to the large natural river channel drop, it is not possible to use the 200 km natural river channel of 60 km of Nujiang River, 43 km of Lancang River and 97 km of Jinsha River as the research team has conceived.
引文
S4679“红旗河”西部调水课题组.2018.十问“红旗河”西部调水工程[OL].[2018-03-16].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1ODQ1MTA1NA%3D%3D&idx=1&mid=2247483696&sn=618ada41022adb2f49ecae7c64dccdab.
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孙鸿烈,郑度,夏军,陈发虎,成升魁,沈镭,王艳芬,林家彬,江源,董锁成,崔彬,左其亭,雷加强,何希吾,闵庆文,李秀彬,康跃虎.2018.专家笔谈:资源环境热点问题[J].自然资源学报,33(6):1092-1102.
王浩,关志华,何希吾,谭成轩,姜鲁光,梁季阳,邓铭江,郑度,景可,李保国,田长彦,杨勇,金德生,杨勤业.2018.12个关键词14位专家带你一起热议“红旗河”[J].中国国家地理,5:48-78.
王浩.2017.取水之利,兴我中华[OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.sohu.com/a/211809070_99985685.
曾庆利,杨志法,袁广祥,尚彦军,张路青,赵希涛.2007.松宗古湖--藏东南帕隆藏布江末次盛冰期发育的一个冰川堰塞湖[J].第四纪研究,27(1):85-92.
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赵希涛,曲永新,张永双,胡道功,郭长宝.2007.滇西北丽江地区石鼓古湖的发现及其在现代金沙江河谷发育中的意义[J].地质通报,26(8):960-969.
赵希涛,吴中海,冯玉勇,张永双,胡道功,曲永新,郭长宝.2015.金沙江“长江第一湾”段河谷地貌、沉积与发育[J].地质通报,34(1):83-103.
赵希涛,吴中海,叶培盛,仝亚博,胡道功.2011.云南怒江河谷新近纪砾石层与堰塞湖相沉积的发现及其意义[J].地质学报,85(12):1963-1976.
赵希涛,张永双,胡道功,曲永新.2006.云南丽江地区大具盆地早更新世金沙江砾石层的发现及其意义[J].地质通报,25(12):1381-1386.
赵希涛,张永双,胡道功.2009.第四纪地质与新构造运动[C]//张永双,胡道功,吴中海,蒋良文,赵希涛,张家桂,吴树仁,曲永新,郭长宝,王科,雷伟志,石菊松,刘景儒,姚鑫,王献礼著.滇藏铁路沿线地壳稳定性及重大工程地质问题(第二章).北京:地质出版社:37-100.
赵希涛.2016.中国主要河流发育史初探[C]//陈安泽,姜建军主编.旅游地学与地质公园建设--旅游地学论文集第二十二集.北京:中国林业出版社:141-156.
CAO Jian-ting,QIN Da-he,KANG Er-si,LI Yuan-yuan.2005.Runoff variation of major rivers in the outflow region of the Tibetan plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(21):2403-2408(in Chinese).
LIU Guo-wei.1992.Hydrometeorological characteristics of the Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,(5):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Tian-chou,Qimeiduoji.1999.Characteristics,development and utilization prospects of water resources of the international river area in Qinghai-Tibet Pleteau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,54(S1):11-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Tianchou.1999.Hydrological characteristic of Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,54(S1):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
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