黄土水力侵蚀-滑坡-泥流灾害链的研究现状
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摘要
黄土主要分布于西北黄土高原地区,因其具水敏性、湿陷性、结构性,极易诱发地质灾害。因黄土特性诱发的原生灾害及其引起的次生灾害组成的灾害序列往往存在时间上先后顺序,空间上彼此相依,成因上相互关联的灾害链式关系。灾害链一旦发展演化,致灾能力极强,致灾规模极大。本文通过分析黄土水力侵蚀-滑坡-泥流灾害链的链式结构、演化机理及条件、防治措施等研究现状,阐述了黄土水力侵蚀-滑坡-泥流灾害链的诱因、演化机理及放大效应等。对黄土地区地质灾害链的研究趋势进行展望,并提出大致的研究思路以期为后续的灾害链研究提供科学建议。旨在找寻合理有效的工程措施,以求能降低灾害的发生概率及破坏能力。
Loess is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Because of the special properties of loess, such as structure, water sensitivity and collapsibility,loess is easy to induce geological disasters. The disaster sequences composed of primary disasters induced by loess characteristics and the secondary disasters caused by them often have a sequence of time, and interrelated in space.. Once the disaster chain develops and evolves, the disaster-causing capability is extremely strong, and the scale of the disaster is extremely large. Based on the analysis of the chain structure, evolution mechanism, conditions and prevention measures of the loess hydraulic erosion-landslide-mud flow disaster chain, this paper expounds the causes, evolution mechanism and amplification effect of the loess hydraulic erosion-landslide-mud flow disaster chain. Prospects for the research trend of geological disaster chain in loess area and the further research direction or ideas in the future was proposed to provide scientific suggestions for the subsequent disaster chain research. The purpose is to find reasonable and effective engineering measures in order to reduce the probability and damage capacity of disasters.
Loess is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Because of the special properties of loess, such as structure, water sensitivity and collapsibility,loess is easy to induce geological disasters. The disaster sequences composed of primary disasters induced by loess characteristics and the secondary disasters caused by them often have a sequence of time, and interrelated in space.. Once the disaster chain develops and evolves, the disaster-causing capability is extremely strong, and the scale of the disaster is extremely large. Based on the analysis of the chain structure, evolution mechanism, conditions and prevention measures of the loess hydraulic erosion-landslide-mud flow disaster chain, this paper expounds the causes, evolution mechanism and amplification effect of the loess hydraulic erosion-landslide-mud flow disaster chain. Prospects for the research trend of geological disaster chain in loess area and the further research direction or ideas in the future was proposed to provide scientific suggestions for the subsequent disaster chain research. The purpose is to find reasonable and effective engineering measures in order to reduce the probability and damage capacity of disasters.
引文
[1] 徐张建, 林在贯, 张茂省. 中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J]. 岩土力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(7): 1297-1312.XU Zhangjian, LIN Zaiguan, ZHANG Maosheng. Loess in China and loess landslides[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(7): 1297-1312. (in Chinese)
[2] 张茂省, 胡炜, 孙萍萍, 等. 黄土水敏性及水致黄土滑坡研究现状与展望[J]. 地球环境学报, 2016, 7(4): 323-334.ZHANG Maosheng, HU Wei, SUN Pingping, et al. Advances and prospects of water sensitivity of loess and the induced loess landslides[J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2016, 7(4): 323-334. (in Chinese)
[3] 彭建兵, 林鸿州, 王启耀, 等. 黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J]. 工程地质学报, 2014, 22(4): 684-691.PENG Jianbing, LIN Hongzhou, WANG Quyao, et al. The tritical issues and creative concepts in mitigation research of loess geological hazards[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2014, 22(4): 684-691. (in Chinese)
[4] 赵纪飞, 黄嘉悦, 侯晓坤, 等. 灌溉诱发的黑方台黄土滑坡泥流机理分析[J]. 灾害学, 2017, 32(4): 60-66.ZHAO Jifei, HUANG Jiayue, HOU Xiaokun, et al. Analysis of a flow-slide in heifangtai Induced by Irrigation[J]. Journal of Catastropholo-gy, 2017, 32(4): 60-66. (in Chinese)
[5] 朱兴华, 彭建兵, 同霄, 等. 黄土地区地质灾害链研究初探[J]. 工程地质学报, 2017, 25(1): 117-122.ZHU Xinghua, PENG Jianbing, TONG Xiao, et al. Preliminary research on geological disaster Chains in loess area[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2017, 25(1): 117-122. (in Chinese)
[6] 韩金良, 吴树仁, 汪华斌. 地质灾害链[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14(6): 11-23.HAN Jinliang, WU Shuren, WANG Huabin. Preliminary study on geological hazard chains[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(6): 11-23. (in Chinese)
[7] 冯玉涛, 肖盛燮. 崩滑流地质灾害链式机理及其优化防治[J]. 灾害学, 2009, 24(3): 22-26.FENG Yutao, XIAO Shengxie. Chain mechanism and optimized control of collapses,landslides and debris flows[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2009, 24(3): 22-26. (in Chinese)
[8] 易朋莹, 吕涛, 吴韩. 地震作用下地裂缝的形成机理研究[J]. 四川理工学院学报, 2012, 25(6): 54-56.YI Pengying, LV Tao, WU Han. Study on the formation mechanism of ground fissures under seismic action[J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering( Natural Science Edition), 2012, 25(6): 54-56. (in Chinese)
[9] 卢积堂. 河南地裂缝发生发展及其防治初探[J]. 河南地质, 1997, 15(1): 71-77.LU Jitang. The prelimin ary study of theoccurence and developmentv and its prevention and control of geofracture in henan province[J]. Henan Geology, 1997, 15(1): 71-77. (in Chinese)
[10] 李滨, 殷跃平, 吴树仁, 等. 多级旋转黄土滑坡基本类型及特征分析[J]. 工程地质学报, 2011, 19(5): 703-712.LI Bin, YIN Yueping, WU Shuren, et al. Basic types and characteristics of multiple rotational landslides in loess[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2011, 19(5): 703-712. (in Chinese)
[11] 杨光华, 钟志辉, 张玉成, 等. 滑坡灾害的机制与力学特性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(2): 4009-4018.YANG Guanghua, ZHONG Zhihui, ZHANG Yucheng, et al. Analysis of mechanism and mechanical characteristics of landslide disaster[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(2): 4009-4018. (in Chinese)
[12] 宋东日, 任伟中, 沈波, 等. 牵引式滑坡的破坏机制及其加固措施探讨——以某高速公路牵引式滑坡为例[J]. 岩土力学, 2013, 34(12): 3587-3594.SONG Dongri, REN Weizhong, SHEN Bo, et al. Discussion on failure mechanism of retrogressive landslide and its reinforcement measures: taking a certain expressway retrogressive landslide for example[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(12): 3587-3594. (in Chinese)
[13] 卢应发, 黄学斌, 刘德富. 推移式滑坡渐进破坏机制及稳定性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(2): 333-326.LU Yingfa, HUANG Xuebin, LIU Defu. Mechanism and stability analyses of progressive failure of thrust-type landslides[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(2): 333-326. (in Chinese)
[14] 谭福林, 胡新丽, 张玉明, 等. 不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程与稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(2): 597-610.TAN Fulin, HU Xinli, ZHANG Yuming, et al. Study of progressive failure processes and stabilities of different types of landslides[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 35(2): 333-326. (in Chinese)
[15] 张雄. 泥石流物源侵蚀运移特征及危险性评价研究——以都汶高速公路沿线泥石流为例[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2015.ZHANG Xiong. Study on Source Erosion,Movement Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Debris Flows ——A case study of debris flows along Du-wen highway[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology,2015. (in Chinese)
[16] 史培军, 吕丽莉, 汪明, 等. 灾害系统:灾害群、 灾害链、 灾害遭遇[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(6): 1-12.SHI Peijun, LU Lili, WANG Ming, et al. Disaster system: disaster cluster,disaster chain and disaster compound[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(6): 1-12. (in Chinese)
[17] Huo, A.-D. Simulation modeling for water governance in basins based on surface water and groundwater[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016(174): 22-29.
[18] 樊晓一, 张友谊, 杨建荣. 汶川地震滑坡发育特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2012, 21(1): 128-134.FAN Xiaoyi, ZHANG Youyi, YANG Jianrong. Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2012, 21(1): 128-134. (in Chinese)
[19] Huo, A,H. Li. Assessment of climate change impact on the stream-flow in a typical debris flow watershed of Jianzhuangcuan catchment in Shaanxi Province[J]. China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 69(6): 1931-1938.
[20] 张春山, 吴满路, 张业成. 地质灾害风险评价方法及展望[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2003, 12(1): 96-102.ZHANG Chunshan, WU Manlu, ZHANG Yecheng. Method and prospect of geological disaster risk assessment[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2003, 12(1): 96-102. (in Chinese)
[21] 赵琰鑫. 沟道泥石流运动-淤塞-堵溃数值模拟研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2012.ZHAO Yanxin. Dynamic Characteristics and Numerical Modelling for Debris Flowsin Natural Channels[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[22] 陈远川, 谢远光, 陈战. 库岸边坡失稳机理及处治措施研究[J]. 环保前沿, 2009(3): 115-120.CHEN Yuanchuan, XIE Yuanguang, CHEN Zhan. Research on the mechanism and countermeasures of bank slope failure[J]. Frontier of Environmental Protection, 2009(3): 115-120. (in Chinese)
[23] 李明, 唐红梅, 叶四桥. 典型地质灾害链式机理研究[J]. 灾害学, 2008, 23(1): 1-5.LI Ming, TANG Hongmei, YE Siqiao. Research on chain rule of typical geological disaster[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2008, 23(1): 1-5. (in Chinese)
[24] Peng J, Huo A, Cheng Y, et al. Submersion simulation in a typical debris flow watershed of Jianzhuangchuan catchment, Loess Plateau[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017, 76(462): 01-10.
[2] 张茂省, 胡炜, 孙萍萍, 等. 黄土水敏性及水致黄土滑坡研究现状与展望[J]. 地球环境学报, 2016, 7(4): 323-334.ZHANG Maosheng, HU Wei, SUN Pingping, et al. Advances and prospects of water sensitivity of loess and the induced loess landslides[J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2016, 7(4): 323-334. (in Chinese)
[3] 彭建兵, 林鸿州, 王启耀, 等. 黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J]. 工程地质学报, 2014, 22(4): 684-691.PENG Jianbing, LIN Hongzhou, WANG Quyao, et al. The tritical issues and creative concepts in mitigation research of loess geological hazards[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2014, 22(4): 684-691. (in Chinese)
[4] 赵纪飞, 黄嘉悦, 侯晓坤, 等. 灌溉诱发的黑方台黄土滑坡泥流机理分析[J]. 灾害学, 2017, 32(4): 60-66.ZHAO Jifei, HUANG Jiayue, HOU Xiaokun, et al. Analysis of a flow-slide in heifangtai Induced by Irrigation[J]. Journal of Catastropholo-gy, 2017, 32(4): 60-66. (in Chinese)
[5] 朱兴华, 彭建兵, 同霄, 等. 黄土地区地质灾害链研究初探[J]. 工程地质学报, 2017, 25(1): 117-122.ZHU Xinghua, PENG Jianbing, TONG Xiao, et al. Preliminary research on geological disaster Chains in loess area[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2017, 25(1): 117-122. (in Chinese)
[6] 韩金良, 吴树仁, 汪华斌. 地质灾害链[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14(6): 11-23.HAN Jinliang, WU Shuren, WANG Huabin. Preliminary study on geological hazard chains[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(6): 11-23. (in Chinese)
[7] 冯玉涛, 肖盛燮. 崩滑流地质灾害链式机理及其优化防治[J]. 灾害学, 2009, 24(3): 22-26.FENG Yutao, XIAO Shengxie. Chain mechanism and optimized control of collapses,landslides and debris flows[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2009, 24(3): 22-26. (in Chinese)
[8] 易朋莹, 吕涛, 吴韩. 地震作用下地裂缝的形成机理研究[J]. 四川理工学院学报, 2012, 25(6): 54-56.YI Pengying, LV Tao, WU Han. Study on the formation mechanism of ground fissures under seismic action[J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering( Natural Science Edition), 2012, 25(6): 54-56. (in Chinese)
[9] 卢积堂. 河南地裂缝发生发展及其防治初探[J]. 河南地质, 1997, 15(1): 71-77.LU Jitang. The prelimin ary study of theoccurence and developmentv and its prevention and control of geofracture in henan province[J]. Henan Geology, 1997, 15(1): 71-77. (in Chinese)
[10] 李滨, 殷跃平, 吴树仁, 等. 多级旋转黄土滑坡基本类型及特征分析[J]. 工程地质学报, 2011, 19(5): 703-712.LI Bin, YIN Yueping, WU Shuren, et al. Basic types and characteristics of multiple rotational landslides in loess[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2011, 19(5): 703-712. (in Chinese)
[11] 杨光华, 钟志辉, 张玉成, 等. 滑坡灾害的机制与力学特性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(2): 4009-4018.YANG Guanghua, ZHONG Zhihui, ZHANG Yucheng, et al. Analysis of mechanism and mechanical characteristics of landslide disaster[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(2): 4009-4018. (in Chinese)
[12] 宋东日, 任伟中, 沈波, 等. 牵引式滑坡的破坏机制及其加固措施探讨——以某高速公路牵引式滑坡为例[J]. 岩土力学, 2013, 34(12): 3587-3594.SONG Dongri, REN Weizhong, SHEN Bo, et al. Discussion on failure mechanism of retrogressive landslide and its reinforcement measures: taking a certain expressway retrogressive landslide for example[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(12): 3587-3594. (in Chinese)
[13] 卢应发, 黄学斌, 刘德富. 推移式滑坡渐进破坏机制及稳定性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(2): 333-326.LU Yingfa, HUANG Xuebin, LIU Defu. Mechanism and stability analyses of progressive failure of thrust-type landslides[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(2): 333-326. (in Chinese)
[14] 谭福林, 胡新丽, 张玉明, 等. 不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程与稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(2): 597-610.TAN Fulin, HU Xinli, ZHANG Yuming, et al. Study of progressive failure processes and stabilities of different types of landslides[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 35(2): 333-326. (in Chinese)
[15] 张雄. 泥石流物源侵蚀运移特征及危险性评价研究——以都汶高速公路沿线泥石流为例[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2015.ZHANG Xiong. Study on Source Erosion,Movement Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Debris Flows ——A case study of debris flows along Du-wen highway[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology,2015. (in Chinese)
[16] 史培军, 吕丽莉, 汪明, 等. 灾害系统:灾害群、 灾害链、 灾害遭遇[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(6): 1-12.SHI Peijun, LU Lili, WANG Ming, et al. Disaster system: disaster cluster,disaster chain and disaster compound[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(6): 1-12. (in Chinese)
[17] Huo, A.-D. Simulation modeling for water governance in basins based on surface water and groundwater[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016(174): 22-29.
[18] 樊晓一, 张友谊, 杨建荣. 汶川地震滑坡发育特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2012, 21(1): 128-134.FAN Xiaoyi, ZHANG Youyi, YANG Jianrong. Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2012, 21(1): 128-134. (in Chinese)
[19] Huo, A,H. Li. Assessment of climate change impact on the stream-flow in a typical debris flow watershed of Jianzhuangcuan catchment in Shaanxi Province[J]. China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 69(6): 1931-1938.
[20] 张春山, 吴满路, 张业成. 地质灾害风险评价方法及展望[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2003, 12(1): 96-102.ZHANG Chunshan, WU Manlu, ZHANG Yecheng. Method and prospect of geological disaster risk assessment[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2003, 12(1): 96-102. (in Chinese)
[21] 赵琰鑫. 沟道泥石流运动-淤塞-堵溃数值模拟研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2012.ZHAO Yanxin. Dynamic Characteristics and Numerical Modelling for Debris Flowsin Natural Channels[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[22] 陈远川, 谢远光, 陈战. 库岸边坡失稳机理及处治措施研究[J]. 环保前沿, 2009(3): 115-120.CHEN Yuanchuan, XIE Yuanguang, CHEN Zhan. Research on the mechanism and countermeasures of bank slope failure[J]. Frontier of Environmental Protection, 2009(3): 115-120. (in Chinese)
[23] 李明, 唐红梅, 叶四桥. 典型地质灾害链式机理研究[J]. 灾害学, 2008, 23(1): 1-5.LI Ming, TANG Hongmei, YE Siqiao. Research on chain rule of typical geological disaster[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2008, 23(1): 1-5. (in Chinese)
[24] Peng J, Huo A, Cheng Y, et al. Submersion simulation in a typical debris flow watershed of Jianzhuangchuan catchment, Loess Plateau[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017, 76(462): 01-10.