白龙江中游泥石流排导槽运行现状及防治建议
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摘要
以白龙江中游泥石流排导槽为研究对象,总结分析了该地区泥石流排导槽的运行现状及存在问题,并分析出现排导问题的主要原因。通过对研究区20条泥石流沟的调查,研究发现该地区排导槽存在因槽体结构或尺寸设计不合理等原因而引起泥石流的漫溢、淤积、槽底侵蚀以及在泥石流的冲刷作用下引起的排导槽基础掏蚀、侧墙侵蚀破坏等问题。对该地区泥石流沟出现的排导问题进行分类发现,泥石流排导槽的排导问题与泥石流沟流域面积有一定关系,淤积情况一般多发生于面积较小的泥石流沟中,而冲刷侵蚀情况则较多发生于面积较大的泥石流沟中。结合实地情况及泥石流排导槽出现的排导问题特点,提出相应的工程防治建议。
The drainage channels in the midstream of Bailong River were taken as research objects.The operation status and the main problems of drainage channel was summarized in this paper,and the main reasons caused the drainage problems were analyzed.Through the investigation of20 debris flow gullies,the result shows that the drainage channels have the problems of overflow,deposition,erosion of channel wall due to the irrational design of structure and some other reasons.Besides,by classifying the drainage problems of drainage channel,it can be found that there is a certain relationship between drainage area and operation status.Debris flow deposition generally occurs in the debris flow gullies of a small drainage area,while the erosion phenomenon is more common in the debris flow gullies of a large drainage area.Combining with the field conditions in this area and the operation characteristics of the drainage channels,some corresponding suggestions are put forward in this paper for debris flow prevention.
The drainage channels in the midstream of Bailong River were taken as research objects.The operation status and the main problems of drainage channel was summarized in this paper,and the main reasons caused the drainage problems were analyzed.Through the investigation of20 debris flow gullies,the result shows that the drainage channels have the problems of overflow,deposition,erosion of channel wall due to the irrational design of structure and some other reasons.Besides,by classifying the drainage problems of drainage channel,it can be found that there is a certain relationship between drainage area and operation status.Debris flow deposition generally occurs in the debris flow gullies of a small drainage area,while the erosion phenomenon is more common in the debris flow gullies of a large drainage area.Combining with the field conditions in this area and the operation characteristics of the drainage channels,some corresponding suggestions are put forward in this paper for debris flow prevention.
引文
[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,甘肃省交通科学研究所.甘肃泥石流[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1982:1-47.Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Gansu Provincial Transportation Research Institute.Debris flow in Gansu Province[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1982:1-47.(in Chinese)
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[3]孟兴民,陈冠,郭鹏,等.白龙江流域滑坡泥石流灾害研究进展与展望[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013(4):1-15.Meng X M,Chen G,Guo P,et al.Research progress and prospect of landslide of debris flow disaster in Bailong River[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013(4):1-15.(in Chinese)
[4]张永双,姚鑫,郭长宝,等.地震扰动区重大滑坡泥石流灾害防治理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:31-41.Zhang Y Sh,Yao X,Guo Ch B,et al.Theory and practice on prevention of major landslide and debris fow hazaras in earthquake disturbed region[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:31-41.(in Chinese)
[5]谢余初,齐姗姗,张影,等.甘肃白龙江流域主要生态风险源危险度综合评价[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(5):634-638.Xie Y Ch,Qi Sh Sh,Zhang Y,et al.Evaluation of the hazard scale for the main ecological risk sources in the Bailong River watershed[J].Journal of Lanzhou U-niversity(Natural Sciences),2016,52(5):634-638.(in Chinese)
[6]周必凡,李德基,罗德富.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:123-129.Zhou B F,Li D J,Luo D F.Debris flow mitigation guide[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991:123-129.(in Chinese)
[7]Chen J G,Chen X Q,Wang T,et al.Types and causes of debris flow damage to drainage channels in the Wenchuan earthquake area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2014,11(6):1 406-1 419.
[8]游勇.泥石流排导槽最小不淤纵坡初步试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(6):36-38.You Y.A preliminary experimental study on gradient of debris flow drainage canal[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,20(6):36-38.(in Chinese)
[9]王继康.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:85-143.Wang J K.Engineering techniques for debris flow prevention[M].Beijing:China Railway Press,1996:85-143.(in Chinese)
[10]张开平,吕态能.泥石流排导槽冲淤规律观察研究[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):61-63.Zhang K P,Lyu T N.Study on scouring and deposition laws of debris flow drainage trough[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(4):61-63.(in Chinese)
[11]韩征,徐林荣,苏志满,等.泥石流V型排导槽防淤设计方法及其应用研究[J].灾害学,2012,27(2):19-23.Han Zh,Xu Lin R,Su Zh M,et al.Resharch on the anti-silting design approach and application in the drainage canal of debris flow[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2012,27(2):19-23.(in Chinese)
[12]Kim Y,Paik J.Depositional characteristics of debris flows in a rectangular channel with an abrupt change in slope[J].Journal of Hydro-Environment Research,2015,13(9):420-428.
[13]周富春,黄本生,杨钢,等.稀性泥石流对排导槽的冲磨破坏机理[J].山地学报,2001,19(5):470-473.Zhou F Ch,Huang B Sh,Yang G,et al.Mechanism of turbulent debris flow destroying drainage-canal[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2001,19(5):470-473.(in Chinese)
[14]朱兴华,崔鹏,周公旦,等.稀性泥石流冲刷规律的试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(增2):85-91.Zhu X H,Cui P,Zhou G D,et al.Experimental study on the erosion law of diluted debris flow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(Sup 2):85-91.(in Chinese)
[15]赵彦波,游勇,柳金峰,等.黏性泥石流沟床冲刷深度试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(增2):92-97.Zhao Y B,You Y,Liu J F,et al.Experimental study on gully bed erosion depth of viscous debris flow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(Sup 2):92-97.(in Chinese)
[16]刘曙亮,游勇,柳金峰,等.泥石流排导槽槛后侵蚀实验研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):328-333.Liu Sh L,You Y,Liu J F,et al.Experimental study of the erosion after debris flow drainage canal ribs[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2016,52(3):328-333.(in Chinese)
[17]张开平.泥石流排导槽及其优化设计研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1997(4):73-77.Zhang K P.Study on diversion flume of debris flow and its optimization design[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1997(4):73-77.(in Chinese)
[18]游勇,柳金峰,欧国强.泥石流常用排导槽水力条件的比较[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2 820-2 825.You Y,Liu J F,Ou G Q.Comparison of hydralic conditions among usual debris flow drainage canal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Sup 1):2 820-2 825.(in Chinese)
[19]游勇,柳金峰.泥石流直墙V型排导槽横断面优化设计[J].山地学报,2008,26(2):218-222.You Y,Liu J F.The optimum cross-section design on the V-Shaped drainage channel of debris flow[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(2):218-222.(in Chinese)
[20]杨具瑞,方铎,成自勇,等.甘肃泥石流灾害及其分布研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(增2):92-95.Yang J R,Fang D,Cheng Z Y,et al.Study on disaster and distribution characteristics of debris flow in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(Sup 2):92-95.(in Chinese)
[21]柳金峰,黄江成,欧国强,等.甘肃陇南武都区泥石流易发性评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):8-13,21.Liu J F,Huang J Ch,Ou G Q,et al.Susceptibility evaluation of debris flow in the Wudu district[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(4):8-13,21.(in Chinese)
[22]泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范:DZ/T0220-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.Specification of Geological Investigation for Debris Flow Stabilization:DZ/T0220-2006[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.(in Chinese)
[23]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[M].成都:四川省水利电力厅,1984:2-17.Sichuan Provincial Water Resources Department.Handbook of Storm Flood Calculation for Small and Medium Watersheds in Sichuan[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Provincial Water Resources Department.1984:2-17.(in Chinese)
[24]游勇,潘华利,柳金峰,等.粘性泥石流斜墙v型排导槽水力最佳断面设计方法及应用:中国,CN101435191[P].2009.You Y,Pan H L,Liu J F,et al.Design method and application of hydraulic optimum section of the V-Shaped inclined wall drainage channel of viscous debris flow:China,CN101435191[P].2009.(in Chinese)
[25]Chen X,Wei F,Chen J,et al.Step-pool strcuture debris flow guide groove and uses thereof:China,WO/2015/100816[P].2015.
[2]黄江成,欧国强,柳金峰.白龙江干流泥石流分布特征及危险度评价[J].人民黄河,2011,33(6):105-107.Huang J Ch,Ou G Q,Liu J F.Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of debris flow in the main stream of BaiLong River[J].Yellow River,2011,33(6):105-107.(in Chinese)
[3]孟兴民,陈冠,郭鹏,等.白龙江流域滑坡泥石流灾害研究进展与展望[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013(4):1-15.Meng X M,Chen G,Guo P,et al.Research progress and prospect of landslide of debris flow disaster in Bailong River[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013(4):1-15.(in Chinese)
[4]张永双,姚鑫,郭长宝,等.地震扰动区重大滑坡泥石流灾害防治理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:31-41.Zhang Y Sh,Yao X,Guo Ch B,et al.Theory and practice on prevention of major landslide and debris fow hazaras in earthquake disturbed region[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:31-41.(in Chinese)
[5]谢余初,齐姗姗,张影,等.甘肃白龙江流域主要生态风险源危险度综合评价[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(5):634-638.Xie Y Ch,Qi Sh Sh,Zhang Y,et al.Evaluation of the hazard scale for the main ecological risk sources in the Bailong River watershed[J].Journal of Lanzhou U-niversity(Natural Sciences),2016,52(5):634-638.(in Chinese)
[6]周必凡,李德基,罗德富.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:123-129.Zhou B F,Li D J,Luo D F.Debris flow mitigation guide[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991:123-129.(in Chinese)
[7]Chen J G,Chen X Q,Wang T,et al.Types and causes of debris flow damage to drainage channels in the Wenchuan earthquake area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2014,11(6):1 406-1 419.
[8]游勇.泥石流排导槽最小不淤纵坡初步试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(6):36-38.You Y.A preliminary experimental study on gradient of debris flow drainage canal[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,20(6):36-38.(in Chinese)
[9]王继康.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:85-143.Wang J K.Engineering techniques for debris flow prevention[M].Beijing:China Railway Press,1996:85-143.(in Chinese)
[10]张开平,吕态能.泥石流排导槽冲淤规律观察研究[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):61-63.Zhang K P,Lyu T N.Study on scouring and deposition laws of debris flow drainage trough[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(4):61-63.(in Chinese)
[11]韩征,徐林荣,苏志满,等.泥石流V型排导槽防淤设计方法及其应用研究[J].灾害学,2012,27(2):19-23.Han Zh,Xu Lin R,Su Zh M,et al.Resharch on the anti-silting design approach and application in the drainage canal of debris flow[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2012,27(2):19-23.(in Chinese)
[12]Kim Y,Paik J.Depositional characteristics of debris flows in a rectangular channel with an abrupt change in slope[J].Journal of Hydro-Environment Research,2015,13(9):420-428.
[13]周富春,黄本生,杨钢,等.稀性泥石流对排导槽的冲磨破坏机理[J].山地学报,2001,19(5):470-473.Zhou F Ch,Huang B Sh,Yang G,et al.Mechanism of turbulent debris flow destroying drainage-canal[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2001,19(5):470-473.(in Chinese)
[14]朱兴华,崔鹏,周公旦,等.稀性泥石流冲刷规律的试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(增2):85-91.Zhu X H,Cui P,Zhou G D,et al.Experimental study on the erosion law of diluted debris flow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(Sup 2):85-91.(in Chinese)
[15]赵彦波,游勇,柳金峰,等.黏性泥石流沟床冲刷深度试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(增2):92-97.Zhao Y B,You Y,Liu J F,et al.Experimental study on gully bed erosion depth of viscous debris flow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(Sup 2):92-97.(in Chinese)
[16]刘曙亮,游勇,柳金峰,等.泥石流排导槽槛后侵蚀实验研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):328-333.Liu Sh L,You Y,Liu J F,et al.Experimental study of the erosion after debris flow drainage canal ribs[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2016,52(3):328-333.(in Chinese)
[17]张开平.泥石流排导槽及其优化设计研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1997(4):73-77.Zhang K P.Study on diversion flume of debris flow and its optimization design[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1997(4):73-77.(in Chinese)
[18]游勇,柳金峰,欧国强.泥石流常用排导槽水力条件的比较[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):2 820-2 825.You Y,Liu J F,Ou G Q.Comparison of hydralic conditions among usual debris flow drainage canal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Sup 1):2 820-2 825.(in Chinese)
[19]游勇,柳金峰.泥石流直墙V型排导槽横断面优化设计[J].山地学报,2008,26(2):218-222.You Y,Liu J F.The optimum cross-section design on the V-Shaped drainage channel of debris flow[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(2):218-222.(in Chinese)
[20]杨具瑞,方铎,成自勇,等.甘肃泥石流灾害及其分布研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(增2):92-95.Yang J R,Fang D,Cheng Z Y,et al.Study on disaster and distribution characteristics of debris flow in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(Sup 2):92-95.(in Chinese)
[21]柳金峰,黄江成,欧国强,等.甘肃陇南武都区泥石流易发性评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):8-13,21.Liu J F,Huang J Ch,Ou G Q,et al.Susceptibility evaluation of debris flow in the Wudu district[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(4):8-13,21.(in Chinese)
[22]泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范:DZ/T0220-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.Specification of Geological Investigation for Debris Flow Stabilization:DZ/T0220-2006[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.(in Chinese)
[23]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[M].成都:四川省水利电力厅,1984:2-17.Sichuan Provincial Water Resources Department.Handbook of Storm Flood Calculation for Small and Medium Watersheds in Sichuan[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Provincial Water Resources Department.1984:2-17.(in Chinese)
[24]游勇,潘华利,柳金峰,等.粘性泥石流斜墙v型排导槽水力最佳断面设计方法及应用:中国,CN101435191[P].2009.You Y,Pan H L,Liu J F,et al.Design method and application of hydraulic optimum section of the V-Shaped inclined wall drainage channel of viscous debris flow:China,CN101435191[P].2009.(in Chinese)
[25]Chen X,Wei F,Chen J,et al.Step-pool strcuture debris flow guide groove and uses thereof:China,WO/2015/100816[P].2015.