页岩气水平井压裂地层滑移致套损模拟试验研究
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摘要
为了了解页岩气在水平井压裂过程中地层滑移导致套管损坏的规律,设计了压裂过程中地层滑移室内模拟试验装置,采用该装置模拟了水力压裂过程中产生的地层不均匀隆起诱发水平层面的滑移过程,并基于非常态相似理论确定了试验模型与地层原型各参数之间对应关系。分析结果表明:地层滑移量主要与距地层变形中心的距离有关,即与距水力压裂点的距离有关,总体上,从地层膨胀中心开始,滑移量逐渐增大,在距中心点14～17 cm范围内达到最大值,之后开始快速下降;不同的地层厚度以及不同的地层埋深影响着地层滑移量的大小,当套管穿过层厚较大的页岩地层时,滑移量要比低厚度地层大,当套管在纵向穿过地层发生多段套损时,其上部剪切滑移程度要大于下面部分。所得结果对认识页岩气井剪切型套管变形及如何预防套管损坏具有一定的理论指导意义。
To understand the casing damage caused by stratigraphic slip during shale gas fracturing,a simulation experiment device for stratigraphic slip during fracturing was designed to simulate the horizontal layer slip process induced by uneven rise of the formation during shale gas hydraulic fracturing. The relation between the experimental model and the parameters of the formation prototype is determined based on the theory of abnormal state similarity. The analysis results show that the stratigraphic slip amount is mainly related to the distance from the deformation center of the stratum,that is,the distance from the hydraulic fracturing point. Generally,from the stratum expansion center,the slip amount gradually increases and reaches the maximum value at 14 ～ 17 cm from the center point,and then begins to decrease rapidly. Formation thicknesses and depths influence the amount of slippage. The larger thickness layer can cause larger slippage. When the casing is in longitudinal direction through the formation with multiple casing damages,the upper shear slip is greater than the lower part. The study could provide theoretical guidance for understanding the casing shear deformation of shale gas well and casing damage protection.
To understand the casing damage caused by stratigraphic slip during shale gas fracturing,a simulation experiment device for stratigraphic slip during fracturing was designed to simulate the horizontal layer slip process induced by uneven rise of the formation during shale gas hydraulic fracturing. The relation between the experimental model and the parameters of the formation prototype is determined based on the theory of abnormal state similarity. The analysis results show that the stratigraphic slip amount is mainly related to the distance from the deformation center of the stratum,that is,the distance from the hydraulic fracturing point. Generally,from the stratum expansion center,the slip amount gradually increases and reaches the maximum value at 14 ～ 17 cm from the center point,and then begins to decrease rapidly. Formation thicknesses and depths influence the amount of slippage. The larger thickness layer can cause larger slippage. When the casing is in longitudinal direction through the formation with multiple casing damages,the upper shear slip is greater than the lower part. The study could provide theoretical guidance for understanding the casing shear deformation of shale gas well and casing damage protection.
引文
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[12]WANG T,JIANG R Y,HAN Y L,et al.The casing failure mechanism in the untra-deep horizontal well and research on the technology of the precaution,diagnose and treatment in H Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2009,31(1):156-161.
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[15]艾池,胡超洋,崔月明.延缓大庆油田标准层套损的套管优选[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(6):7-11.AI C,HU C Y,CUI Y M.Casing optimization for delaying casing damage in the datum bed of Daqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(6):7-11.
[16]田中兰,石林,乔磊.页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):70-76.TAIN Z L,SHI L,QIAO L.Reseach of and countermeasure for wellbore integrity of shale gas horizontal well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):70-76.
[17]高利军,乔磊,柳占立,等.页岩储层剪切套损的数值模拟及固井对策研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):6-10,16.GAO L J,QIAO L,LIU Z L,et al.Numerical modeling and cementing countermeasure analysis of casing shear demage in shale reservoir[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(10):6-10,16.
[18]孙桂生.杏北油田套管损坏预测与处理对策研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.SUN G S.Study on casing damage prediction and treatment countermeasures in Xingbei Oilfield[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2008.
[19]殷凤磊.基于光纤传感技术的套管应变及管外压力的在线监测技术[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.YIN F L.On-line monitoring technology for casing strain and external pressure based on optical fiber sensing technology[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[20]牛恩宽.畸变模型理论在滑坡模型试验中的应用研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2007.NIU E K.Study on application for distortion and compensated method in landslide model test[D].Yichang:Sanxia University,2007.
[2]琚宜文,卜红玲,王国昌.页岩气储层主要特征及其对储层改造的影响[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(4):492-506.JU Y W,BU H L,WANG G C.Main characteristics of shale gas reservoirs and its effects on the reservoir reconstruction[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(4):492-506.
[3]杨怀成,毛国扬,宋其仓,等.彭页HF-1井页岩气藏大型压裂工艺技术[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(5):117-122.YANG H C,MAO G Y,SONG Q C,et al.Large scale fracturing technology of well Pengye HF-1 shale gas[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition),2014,36(5):117-122.
[4]石晓闪,刘大安,崔振东,等.页岩气开采压裂技术分析与思考[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015,38(3):62-65,69.SHI X S,LIU D A,CUI Z D,et al.Analysis and thinking on shale gas mining fracturing technology[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2015,38(3):62-65,69.
[5]赵金洲,任岚,沈骋,等.页岩气储层缝网压裂理论与技术研究新进展[J].天然气工业,2018,38(3):1-14.ZHAO J Z,REN L,SHEN C,et al.Latest research progresses in network fracturing theories and technologies for shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(3):1-14.
[6]尹丛彬.页岩压裂裂缝渗透率的测试与分析[J].天然气工业,2018,38(3):60-68.YIN C B.Test and analysis on the permeability of fractured fractures in shale reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(3):60-68.
[7]SCHWALL G H,DENNEY C A.Subsidence induced casing deformation mechanisms in the Ekofisk field[R].SPE 28091-MS,1994.
[8]DUSSEAULT M B,BRUNO M S,BARRERA J.Casing shear:causes,cases,cures[R].SPE 72060-PA,2001.
[9]LI X Q,ZHU T G,FANG L T,et al.Effect of sand production on casing integrity[R].SPE PETSOC-2006-195,2006.
[10]李军,李玉梅,张德龙,等.页岩气井分段压裂套损影响因素分析[J].断块油气田,2017,24(3):387-390.LI J,LI Y M,ZHANG D L,et al.Analysis of casing damage for staged fracturing in shale gas wells[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2017,24(3):388-390.
[11]WONG R C K,CHAU K T.Casing impairment induced by shear slip along a weak layer in shale due to fluid(steam)injection[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2006,45(12):60-66.
[12]WANG T,JIANG R Y,HAN Y L,et al.The casing failure mechanism in the untra-deep horizontal well and research on the technology of the precaution,diagnose and treatment in H Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2009,31(1):156-161.
[13]黄小兰,刘建军,杨春和.注水油田剪切套损机理研究与数值模拟[J].武汉工业学院学报,2009,28(3):94-97.HUANG X L,LIU J J,YANG C H.Mechanism analysis and numerical simulation of casing’s shear failure in water injection oilfield[J].Journal of Wuhan Polytechnic University,2009,28(3):94-97.
[14]HAN X H,KHAN S,ANSARI S A,et al.Prediction of injection induced formation shear[R].SPE 151840-MS,2012.
[15]艾池,胡超洋,崔月明.延缓大庆油田标准层套损的套管优选[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(6):7-11.AI C,HU C Y,CUI Y M.Casing optimization for delaying casing damage in the datum bed of Daqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(6):7-11.
[16]田中兰,石林,乔磊.页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):70-76.TAIN Z L,SHI L,QIAO L.Reseach of and countermeasure for wellbore integrity of shale gas horizontal well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):70-76.
[17]高利军,乔磊,柳占立,等.页岩储层剪切套损的数值模拟及固井对策研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):6-10,16.GAO L J,QIAO L,LIU Z L,et al.Numerical modeling and cementing countermeasure analysis of casing shear demage in shale reservoir[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(10):6-10,16.
[18]孙桂生.杏北油田套管损坏预测与处理对策研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.SUN G S.Study on casing damage prediction and treatment countermeasures in Xingbei Oilfield[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2008.
[19]殷凤磊.基于光纤传感技术的套管应变及管外压力的在线监测技术[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.YIN F L.On-line monitoring technology for casing strain and external pressure based on optical fiber sensing technology[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[20]牛恩宽.畸变模型理论在滑坡模型试验中的应用研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2007.NIU E K.Study on application for distortion and compensated method in landslide model test[D].Yichang:Sanxia University,2007.