兰州市地下水中“三氮”污染特征及成因
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摘要
以兰州市41组浅层地下水样品水化学组分测试结果为依据,研究兰州市地下水中"三氮"污染特征。结果表明:兰州浅层地下水中"三氮"污染较严重,NO_3-N超标率最高,超标率为51. 2%; NO_2-N和NH_4-N次之,超标率分别为26. 8%和12. 2%。"三氮"污染分布不均,局部区域呈面状污染。NO_3-N重污染区主要分布于兰州市城关区的掩埋垃圾填埋场和受地表排污沟渠污染区域,西固区的石油化工区,以及七里河区西南部的污灌区。兰州断陷盆地"三氮"超标点相对较少。含氮化肥使用、污水灌溉及生活污水入渗是地下水中NO_3-N的主要来源;工业废水入渗是地下水中NH_4-N的重要来源。污染源类型不同,地下水"三氮"污染程度和空间分布特征亦不同;氧化还原条件、包气带岩性结构特征、补径排条件是"三氮"迁移转化及其空间分布的主要影响因素。
41 shallow groundwater samples were collected from Lanzhou city and analyzed for their chemical composition,and the nitrogen pollution in groundwater in Lanzhou was studied.Generally,the shallow groundwater in Lanzhou city is significantly polluted by nitrate.51.2% of the groundwater samples have NO_3-N concentration exceeded the drinking water standard,and the rates are 26.8% and 12.2% for NO_2-N and NH_4-N,respectively.Groundwater samples are polluted the most in the following areas: berried landfill and sewage irrigation area in Chengguan district,the petrochemical industry in Xigu district,and the wastewater irrigation district in the southwest of Qilihe district.The nitrogen pollution in the rural area of the Lanzhou plain is slight.While the irrigation of domestic wastewater and the use of nitrogenous fertilizer are the main source of nitrate in groundwater; the infiltration of industrial wastewater is the main source of ammonium.The redox condition,lithology of vadose zone,and the recharge and flow condition are the main factors affecting the transport and transformation of nitrogen pollution in the groundwater.
41 shallow groundwater samples were collected from Lanzhou city and analyzed for their chemical composition,and the nitrogen pollution in groundwater in Lanzhou was studied.Generally,the shallow groundwater in Lanzhou city is significantly polluted by nitrate.51.2% of the groundwater samples have NO_3-N concentration exceeded the drinking water standard,and the rates are 26.8% and 12.2% for NO_2-N and NH_4-N,respectively.Groundwater samples are polluted the most in the following areas: berried landfill and sewage irrigation area in Chengguan district,the petrochemical industry in Xigu district,and the wastewater irrigation district in the southwest of Qilihe district.The nitrogen pollution in the rural area of the Lanzhou plain is slight.While the irrigation of domestic wastewater and the use of nitrogenous fertilizer are the main source of nitrate in groundwater; the infiltration of industrial wastewater is the main source of ammonium.The redox condition,lithology of vadose zone,and the recharge and flow condition are the main factors affecting the transport and transformation of nitrogen pollution in the groundwater.
引文
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[16]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.兰州市区地下水矿化度分布特征及成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):23-27.
[2]Salvador P H,Manuel P V,Andres S. A hydro-economic modeling framework for optimal management of groundwater nitrate pollution from agriculture[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2009,373(2):193-203.
[3]Fernandez E,Grilli A,Alvarez D,et al. Evaluation of nitrate levels in groundwater under agricultural fields in two pilot areas in central Chile:a hydrogeological and geochemical approach[J]. Hydrological Processes,2017,31(6):1206-1224.
[4]Chen J Y,Tang C Y,Sakura S,et al. Nitrate pollution from agriculture in different hydrogeological zones of the regional groundwater flow system in the North China Plain[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2005,13(3):481-492.
[5]田华.基于过程的地下水污染风险评价-以滦河三角洲为例[D].西安:西安科技大学,2011.
[6]宫亚坤.傍河型水源地三氮迁移转化预测模型的一类参数反演方法[D].吉林:吉林大学,2017.
[7]张书新.地下水“三氮”迁移转化模型的解析解及其应用[D].长春:长春工业大学,2017.
[8]GB/T8538-1995,饮用天然矿泉水检验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[9]GB/T14848-93,地下水质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[10]吴海燕,傅世锋,蔡晓琼,等.东山岛地下水“三氮”空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3203-3211.
[11]马荣欣.福建省沿海主要地区浅层地下水氮污染研究及典型区域地下水脆弱性评价[D].福州:福建师范大学,2009.
[12]梁秀娟,肖长来,盛洪勋,等.吉林市地下水中“三氮”迁移转化规律[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(2):335-345.
[13]沈照理,朱宛华,钟佐燊.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:136-141.
[14]Christensen T H,Bjerg P L,Kjeldsen P. Natural attenuation:a feasible approach to remediation of groundwater pollution at landfill[J].Groundwater Monitoring Remediation,2000,20(1):69-77.
[15]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.某石油化工污染场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染特征及成因分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,36(6):97-102.
[16]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.兰州市区地下水矿化度分布特征及成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):23-27.