滦河三角洲地区深层地下水化学演化规律及成因分析
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摘要
以滦河三角洲地区第Ⅲ含水层组为例,选取两条水文地质剖面分析深层地下水化学组分特征。文章利用Piper图分析了上下游水化学的分带性,从上游到下游演化顺序为HCO3—Ca·Na型、HCO3·SO4—Na·Ca型和HCO3·Cl—Na型。上游地下水沿流动方向主要发生了溶滤作用,引起HCO-3和Ca2++Mg2+等比例增加,Cl-+SO2-4和Na+也等比例增加。下游地下水沿流动方向不仅发生了溶滤作用,还发生了阳离子交换和脱硫酸作用,引起下游地区Ca2+、Mg2+和SO2-4逐渐减小,Cl-和Na+显著增加,且Na+增加幅度明显大于Cl-。本研究加深了承压含水层地下水从山前到滨海地区整个循环路径上的水化学演化规律及成因的认识。
Analyses of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater can provide a scientific basis for conservation and sustainable development of groundwater recourses.The third aquifer in the Luanhe delta region is taken as an example,and two hydrogeological profiles are selected to analyze the characteristics of hydrochemical constituents.Piper diagram is used to examine the hydrochemical differences in groundwater from upstream to downstream.Hydrochemical types change from Ca·Na-HCO3 type in the upstream to Na·Ca-HCO3·SO4 and Na-HCO3·Cl types in the downstream.In the upstream,incongruent dissolution mainly occurs along the groundwater flow direction,causing simultaneous increases in concentrations of HCO-3 and Ca2++ Mg2+,as well as simultaneous increases in concentrations of Cl-+ SO2-4 and Na+.In the downstream,in addition to incongruent dissolution,cation exchange and desulphidation may also occur,leading to decreases in concentrations of Ca2+,Mg2+ and SO2-4,and increases in concentrations of Cl-and Na+.This research provides a better understanding of the hydrochemical evolution of deep groundwater from the piedmont to the coastal region.
Analyses of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater can provide a scientific basis for conservation and sustainable development of groundwater recourses.The third aquifer in the Luanhe delta region is taken as an example,and two hydrogeological profiles are selected to analyze the characteristics of hydrochemical constituents.Piper diagram is used to examine the hydrochemical differences in groundwater from upstream to downstream.Hydrochemical types change from Ca·Na-HCO3 type in the upstream to Na·Ca-HCO3·SO4 and Na-HCO3·Cl types in the downstream.In the upstream,incongruent dissolution mainly occurs along the groundwater flow direction,causing simultaneous increases in concentrations of HCO-3 and Ca2++ Mg2+,as well as simultaneous increases in concentrations of Cl-+ SO2-4 and Na+.In the downstream,in addition to incongruent dissolution,cation exchange and desulphidation may also occur,leading to decreases in concentrations of Ca2+,Mg2+ and SO2-4,and increases in concentrations of Cl-and Na+.This research provides a better understanding of the hydrochemical evolution of deep groundwater from the piedmont to the coastal region.
引文
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[2]谢振华,刘凯,李志萍,等.基于沉积物物质来源的地下水化学特征分析:以北京市平原区为例[J].地学前缘,2010,17(6):81-87.[XIE Z H,LIU K,LI Z P,et al.Analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics based on sediment provenance analysis:A case study of Beijing Plain[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(6):81-87.(in Chinese)]
[3]梁杏,张人权,靳孟贵.地下水流系统---理论·应用调查[M].北京:地质出版社,2015.[LIANG X,ZHANG R Q,JIN M G.Groundwater flow systems:theory,application,investigation[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2015.(in Chinese)]
[4]李学礼,孙占学,刘金辉.水文地球化学[M].北京:原子能出版社,2010.[LI X L,SUN Z X,LIU JH.Hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2010.(in Chinese)]
[5]TTH J.Gravitational systems of groundwater flow[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2009.
[6]ADAMS S,TITUS R,PIETERSEN K,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers near Suthedand in the Western Karoo,South Africa[J].Journal of Hydrology,200l(24):91-103
[7]薛禹群,张幼宽.地下水污染防治在我国水体污染控制与治理中的双重意义[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):474-481[XUE Y Q,ZHANG Y K.Twofold significance of ground water pollution prevention in Chinese water pollution control[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):474-481.(in Chinese)]
[8]中国科学院.中国学科发展战略·地下水科学[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.[Chinese Academy of Sciences.Chinese discipline development strategy,groundwater science[M].Beijing:Science Press,2018.(in Chinese)]
[9]章光新,邓伟,何岩,等.中国东北松嫩平原地下水水化学特征与演变规律[J].水科学进展,2006,17(1):20-28.[ZHANG G X,DENG W,HE Y,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution laws of groundwater in Songnen Plain,Northeast China[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(1):20-28.(in Chinese)]
[10]张宗祜,李烈荣.中国地下水资源与环境图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2004.[ZHANG ZH,LI L R.The atlas of groundwater resources and environment of China[M].Beijing:China Map Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese)]
[11]王晓曦,王文科,王周锋,等.滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):25-33[WANG X X,WANG W K,WANG Z F,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of river water and groundwater along the downstream Luanhe River,northeastern China[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):25-33.(in Chinese)]
[12]陈彭,马震,王威,等.滦河三角洲浅层地下水水化学特征分析[J].地下水,2014,36(4):68-71[CHEN P,MA Z,WANG W,et al.Analysis on Hydrochemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Luanhe River Delta[J].Ground Water,2014,36(4):68-71.(in Chinese)]
[13]刘新社.滦河冲洪积扇及其下游滨海平原环境地质问题及对策研究[J].地质调查与研究,2004,27(增刊1):60-65[LIU X S.Environmental geological problem and countermeasure in the alluvialpluvial fan and the littoral plain of Luanhe River[J].Geological Survey And Research,2004,27(Supl):60-65.(in Chinese)]
[14]大港油田地质研究所,海洋石油勘探局研究院,同济大学海洋地质研究所.滦河冲积扇-三角洲沉积体系[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.[Geology Institute of Dagang Oilfield,Off shore Oil Exploration Bureau Institute,Tongji University Institute of Marine Geology.Luanhe River alluvial fan-delta depositional system[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1985.(in Chinese)]
[15]郑浚茂,孙永传,王德发,等.滦河体系及北戴河海岸沉积环境标志的研究[J].石油与天然气地质,1980,1(3):177-190.[ZHENG J M,SUN Y C,WANG D F,et al.On indictions of sedimentary environments of the Luan River system and the Beidaihe Coast[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1980,1(3):177-190.(in Chinese)]
[16]马震,孙晓明.滦河三角洲地下水污染调查评价成果报告[R].天津:天津地质调查中心,2010.[MAZ,SUN X M.Report on the results of investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution in the Weihe River Delta[R].Tianjin:Tianjin Geological Survey Center,2010.(in Chinese)]
[17]沈照理.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.[SHEN Z L.Fundamentals of hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999.(in Chinese)]
[18]钱会,马致远,李培月.水文地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2012.[QIAN H,MA Z Y,LI P Y.Hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012.(in Chinese)]
[19]沈照理,朱婉华,钟佐燊.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1993[SHEN Z L,ZHU W H,ZHONG Z S.Basis of hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.(in Chinese)]
[20]UMAR R,ABSAR A.Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the Gambhir River Basin,Bharatpur District,Rajasthan,India[J].Environmental Geology,2003,44(5):535-544
[21]BENNETTS D A,WEBB J A,STONE D,et al.Understanding the salinisation process for groundwater in an area of south-eastern Australia,using hydrochemical and isotopic evidence[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,323(1):178-192.
[22]任加国,武倩倩.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2014[REN J G,WU Q Q.Basis of hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014.(in Chinese)]