河北省海岸带主要生态环境问题和对策建议
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摘要
为保护河北省海岸带生态环境,促进海洋经济的可持续发展,文章结合相关调查和研究资料,分析河北省海岸带主要生态环境问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:河北省海岸带存在海水污染、有害藻华频现、水母暴发、典型生态系统退化、渔业资源衰退、海水入侵和海岸侵蚀等生态环境问题,对人民生活和经济发展造成威胁;面对严峻的形势,应提高科学研究和认知水平、加强陆海统筹、推进多区域合作和多部门联动、完善监测系统建设、开展典型区域生态修复工作以及提高公众参与程度和监督力度。
For protecting the coastal eco-environment of Hebei province and promoting the sustainable development of marine economy,this paper collected investigations and researches,analyzed the major eco-environmental problems in coastal zone of Hebei province,and proposed countermeasures and suggestions.The results showed that the major eco-environmental problems in coastal zone of Hebei province included inshore seawater pollution,harmful algae blooms,jellyfish blooms,typical ecosystem degradation,fishery resources decline,seawater intrusion and coastal erosion,seriously threating the people′s livelihood and economic development.Due to the urgent environmental situation,we should strengthen scientific research and recognition,enhance landsea coordination,promote multi-region and multi-department cooperation,improve environmental monitoring system,conduct ecological restoration projects,increase public participation and supervision.
For protecting the coastal eco-environment of Hebei province and promoting the sustainable development of marine economy,this paper collected investigations and researches,analyzed the major eco-environmental problems in coastal zone of Hebei province,and proposed countermeasures and suggestions.The results showed that the major eco-environmental problems in coastal zone of Hebei province included inshore seawater pollution,harmful algae blooms,jellyfish blooms,typical ecosystem degradation,fishery resources decline,seawater intrusion and coastal erosion,seriously threating the people′s livelihood and economic development.Due to the urgent environmental situation,we should strengthen scientific research and recognition,enhance landsea coordination,promote multi-region and multi-department cooperation,improve environmental monitoring system,conduct ecological restoration projects,increase public participation and supervision.
引文
[1] 宋素青,刘爱智.河北省海岸线开发利用与保护研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2009,26(9):43-46.
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[4] 吕剑,骆永明,章海波.中国海岸带污染问题与防治措施[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(10):1175-1181.
[5] 河北省水利厅.河北省水资源公报[R].石家庄:河北省水利厅,2003-2018.
[6] 陈航,王跃伟.环渤海地区海水淡化对海洋环境的影响分析[J].海洋信息,2012(1):40-47.
[7] 黄逸君,陈全震,曾江宁,等.海水淡化排放的高盐废水对海洋生态环境的影响[J].海洋学研究,2009,27(3):103-110.
[8] ROBERTS D A,JOHNSTON E L,KNOTT N A.Impacts ofdesalination plant discharges on the marine environment:acritical review of published studies[J].Water Research,2010,44:5117-5128.
[9] 张秀芝,王静,郝建安,等.浓/热海水排海对海洋环境影响分析及对策[J].海洋技术学报,2015,34(4):105-110.
[10] 周倩,章海波,周阳,等.滨海潮滩土壤中微塑料的分离及其表面微观特征[J].科学通报,2016,61(14):1604-1611.
[11] ANDERSON D M,GLIBERT P M,BURKHOLDER J M.Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication:nutrient sources,composition,and consequences[J].Estuaries,2002,25(4b):704-726.
[12] HEISLER J,GLIBERT P M,BURKHOLDER J M,et al.Eu-trophication and harmful algal blooms:a scientific consensus[J].Harmful Algae,2008,8(1):3-13.
[13] 徐宁,段舜山,李爱芬,等.沿岸海域富营养化与赤潮发生的关系[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1782-1787.
[14] ANDERSON D M,CEMBELLA A D,HALLEGRAEFF GM.Progress in understanding harmful algal blooms:paradigmshifts and new technologies for research,monitoring,andmanagement[J].Annual Review of Marine Science,2012(4):143-176.
[15] 张芳,孙松,李超伦.海洋水母类生态学研究进展[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(2):121-130.
[16] 郑向荣,李燕,饶庆贺,等.秦皇岛近海大型水母暴发性增长原因探析[J].河北渔业,2014(2):16-20.
[17] WU L J,WU X F,BAI T.Comprehensive analysis of theorigin of giant jellyfish near Qinhuangdao in summer[J].Chi-nese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(5):1061-1069.
[18] 刘爱智.河北省滨海湿地动态变化分析与效益评价研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2007.
[19] 田海兰.现代滦河三角洲滨海湿地动态变化分析研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2011.
[20] 曹玉萍,闫路娜,谢松,等.昌黎海区文昌鱼初步调查[J].动物学杂志,2001,36(3):10-13.
[21] 韩秋影,施平.海草生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5561-5570.
[22] 刘松林,江志坚,吴云超,等.海草床育幼功能及其机理[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):7931-7940.
[23] 郑凤英,邱广龙,范航清,等.中国海草的多样性、分布及保护[J].生物多样性,2013,21(5):517-526.
[24] DEN H C,YANG Z D.A catalogue of the seagrasses of China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1990,8:74-91.
[25] 刘慧,黄小平,王元磊,等.渤海曹妃甸新发现的海草床及其生态特征[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1677-1683.
[26] 赵振良,周军,付仲,等.河北省海洋渔业资源调查报告[J].河北渔业,2006(3):22-25.
[27] 许玉甫,周军,张国胜,等.河北沿海银鲳渔业资源现状分析[J].河北渔业,2009(6):4-6.
[28] TANG Q S,JIN X S,WANG J,et al.Decadal-scale variationsof ecosystem productivity and control mechanisms in theBohai Sea[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2003,12(4/5):223-233.
[29] 金显仕,邓景耀.莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和生物多样性的变化[J].生物多样性,2009,8(1):65-72.
[30] 许思思.人为影响下渤海渔业资源的衰退机制[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2011.
[31] 臧文学,刘文军,郭巨,等.河北省秦皇岛市海水入侵地质灾害及其防治措施[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):120-124.
[32] 赵伟玲,唐立强,朱小龙,等.河北沿海海水入侵灾害现状、成因及防治对策分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2014,31(8):48-54.
[33] 刘锡清.我国海岸带主要灾害地质因素及其影响[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(5):23-42.
[34] 孙晓明,徐建国,杨齐青,等.环渤海地区海(咸)水入侵特征与防治对策[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(3):203-211.
[35] 张立海,刘凤民,刘海青,等.秦皇岛地区海岸侵蚀及主要原因[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(2):261-264.
[36] 邱若峰,杨燕雄,庄振业,等.河北省沙质海岸侵蚀灾害和防治对策[J].海洋湖沼通报,2009(2):162-168.
[37] 萧嗣荣,穆仲义,李庆辰,等.河北沿海海侵灾害初探[J].地理研究,1998,17(1):75-81.
[38] 林峰竹,王慧,张建立,等.中国沿海海岸侵蚀与海平面上升探析[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(6):16-21.
[39] 冯金良,崔之久,邸明慧,等.秦皇岛地区侵蚀性海滩的演化及保护[J].海岸工程,1999,18(4):29-34.
[40] XUE Z,FENG A P,YIN P,et al.Coastal erosion induced byhuman activities:a northwest Bohai Sea case study[J].Journalof Coastal Research,2009,25(3):723-733.
[41] 黄立人,胡惠民,杨国华.渤海西、南岸的海面变化及邻近地区的现代地壳垂直运动[J].地壳形变与地震,1991,11(1):1-9.
[42] 夏东兴,刘振夏,王德邻,等.海面上升对渤海湾西岸的影响与对策[J].海洋学报,1994,16(1):61-67.
[2] 宋素青,高伟明,王卫.河北省海洋资源比较优势研究[J].国土和自然资源研究,2003(1):24-25.
[3] 河北省海洋局.河北省海洋环境质量公报[R].石家庄:河北省海洋局,2003-2018.
[4] 吕剑,骆永明,章海波.中国海岸带污染问题与防治措施[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(10):1175-1181.
[5] 河北省水利厅.河北省水资源公报[R].石家庄:河北省水利厅,2003-2018.
[6] 陈航,王跃伟.环渤海地区海水淡化对海洋环境的影响分析[J].海洋信息,2012(1):40-47.
[7] 黄逸君,陈全震,曾江宁,等.海水淡化排放的高盐废水对海洋生态环境的影响[J].海洋学研究,2009,27(3):103-110.
[8] ROBERTS D A,JOHNSTON E L,KNOTT N A.Impacts ofdesalination plant discharges on the marine environment:acritical review of published studies[J].Water Research,2010,44:5117-5128.
[9] 张秀芝,王静,郝建安,等.浓/热海水排海对海洋环境影响分析及对策[J].海洋技术学报,2015,34(4):105-110.
[10] 周倩,章海波,周阳,等.滨海潮滩土壤中微塑料的分离及其表面微观特征[J].科学通报,2016,61(14):1604-1611.
[11] ANDERSON D M,GLIBERT P M,BURKHOLDER J M.Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication:nutrient sources,composition,and consequences[J].Estuaries,2002,25(4b):704-726.
[12] HEISLER J,GLIBERT P M,BURKHOLDER J M,et al.Eu-trophication and harmful algal blooms:a scientific consensus[J].Harmful Algae,2008,8(1):3-13.
[13] 徐宁,段舜山,李爱芬,等.沿岸海域富营养化与赤潮发生的关系[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1782-1787.
[14] ANDERSON D M,CEMBELLA A D,HALLEGRAEFF GM.Progress in understanding harmful algal blooms:paradigmshifts and new technologies for research,monitoring,andmanagement[J].Annual Review of Marine Science,2012(4):143-176.
[15] 张芳,孙松,李超伦.海洋水母类生态学研究进展[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(2):121-130.
[16] 郑向荣,李燕,饶庆贺,等.秦皇岛近海大型水母暴发性增长原因探析[J].河北渔业,2014(2):16-20.
[17] WU L J,WU X F,BAI T.Comprehensive analysis of theorigin of giant jellyfish near Qinhuangdao in summer[J].Chi-nese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(5):1061-1069.
[18] 刘爱智.河北省滨海湿地动态变化分析与效益评价研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2007.
[19] 田海兰.现代滦河三角洲滨海湿地动态变化分析研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2011.
[20] 曹玉萍,闫路娜,谢松,等.昌黎海区文昌鱼初步调查[J].动物学杂志,2001,36(3):10-13.
[21] 韩秋影,施平.海草生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5561-5570.
[22] 刘松林,江志坚,吴云超,等.海草床育幼功能及其机理[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):7931-7940.
[23] 郑凤英,邱广龙,范航清,等.中国海草的多样性、分布及保护[J].生物多样性,2013,21(5):517-526.
[24] DEN H C,YANG Z D.A catalogue of the seagrasses of China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1990,8:74-91.
[25] 刘慧,黄小平,王元磊,等.渤海曹妃甸新发现的海草床及其生态特征[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1677-1683.
[26] 赵振良,周军,付仲,等.河北省海洋渔业资源调查报告[J].河北渔业,2006(3):22-25.
[27] 许玉甫,周军,张国胜,等.河北沿海银鲳渔业资源现状分析[J].河北渔业,2009(6):4-6.
[28] TANG Q S,JIN X S,WANG J,et al.Decadal-scale variationsof ecosystem productivity and control mechanisms in theBohai Sea[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2003,12(4/5):223-233.
[29] 金显仕,邓景耀.莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和生物多样性的变化[J].生物多样性,2009,8(1):65-72.
[30] 许思思.人为影响下渤海渔业资源的衰退机制[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2011.
[31] 臧文学,刘文军,郭巨,等.河北省秦皇岛市海水入侵地质灾害及其防治措施[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):120-124.
[32] 赵伟玲,唐立强,朱小龙,等.河北沿海海水入侵灾害现状、成因及防治对策分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2014,31(8):48-54.
[33] 刘锡清.我国海岸带主要灾害地质因素及其影响[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(5):23-42.
[34] 孙晓明,徐建国,杨齐青,等.环渤海地区海(咸)水入侵特征与防治对策[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(3):203-211.
[35] 张立海,刘凤民,刘海青,等.秦皇岛地区海岸侵蚀及主要原因[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(2):261-264.
[36] 邱若峰,杨燕雄,庄振业,等.河北省沙质海岸侵蚀灾害和防治对策[J].海洋湖沼通报,2009(2):162-168.
[37] 萧嗣荣,穆仲义,李庆辰,等.河北沿海海侵灾害初探[J].地理研究,1998,17(1):75-81.
[38] 林峰竹,王慧,张建立,等.中国沿海海岸侵蚀与海平面上升探析[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(6):16-21.
[39] 冯金良,崔之久,邸明慧,等.秦皇岛地区侵蚀性海滩的演化及保护[J].海岸工程,1999,18(4):29-34.
[40] XUE Z,FENG A P,YIN P,et al.Coastal erosion induced byhuman activities:a northwest Bohai Sea case study[J].Journalof Coastal Research,2009,25(3):723-733.
[41] 黄立人,胡惠民,杨国华.渤海西、南岸的海面变化及邻近地区的现代地壳垂直运动[J].地壳形变与地震,1991,11(1):1-9.
[42] 夏东兴,刘振夏,王德邻,等.海面上升对渤海湾西岸的影响与对策[J].海洋学报,1994,16(1):61-67.