渤海湾碎屑矿物特征及其物源和沉积动力环境指示意义
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摘要
对渤海湾307个表层沉积物样品的碎屑矿物进行分析,研究了矿物组合及含量分布特征,并探讨其对物源和沉积动力环境的指示。渤海湾可划分为4个碎屑矿物物源分区:I黄河矿物区,受黄河碎屑控制,以高含量的黑云母、白云母、赤褐铁矿为主要特征,石英/长石成熟度最高;Ⅱ海河矿物区,受海河碎屑控制,以高含量的普通角闪石为主要特征,石英/长石成熟度中等;Ⅲ滦河矿物区,受滦河碎屑控制,以高含量的钛铁矿、石榴石为主要特征,石英/长石成熟度最低;Ⅳ渤海湾中部矿物区,为多物源供应。黄河碎屑物质的影响力最强,控制着渤海湾的整个南半部;滦河虽然输沙量远低于黄河,但滦河碎屑的影响力并不弱,控制着渤海湾的北部和东北部;海河碎屑物质的影响力较弱,仅局限在渤海湾西北部的海河口附近。水文动力环境影响了矿物组合含量的分布。Ⅰ-1区和Ⅲ-1区为波浪长期作用下的高能扰动环境;Ⅰ-2区和Ⅲ-2区为高速潮流环境;Ⅰ-3区和Ⅲ-3区为潮流减弱区易起动组分富集下的扰动环境;Ⅳ区为弱潮流影响下的平静环境。
Based on the analysis of the detrital minerals of 307 surface sediment samples of the Bohai Bay,the authors studied the distribution characteristics of mineral contents and combinations,and explored their implications for provenance and sedimentary dynamical environment.The results show that the study area can be divided into 4 provenance mineral zones:Zone I is dominated by the detrital materials from the Yellow River and characterized by high contents of biotite,muscovite,hematite,and highest quartz/feldspar maturity.Zone II is dominated by the detrital materials from the Haihe River and characterized by high contents of hornblende,and medium quartz/feldspar maturity.Zone III is dominated by the detrital materials from the Luanhe River and characterized by high contents of ilmenite,garnet,and lowest quartz/feldspar maturity.Zone IV is affected by multiple provenances.The detrital materials from the Yellow River has the strongest influence and controll the entire southern half of the Bohai Bay.Although the sediments supplyed by the Luanhe River are much less than that by the Yellow River,the influence of the detrital materials from the Luanhe River is not weak and controll the northern and northeastern part of the Bohai Bay.The influence of the detrital materials from the Haihe River is relatively weak,and be limited to the mouth vicinity of the Haihe River in the northwestern part of Bohai Bay.Hydrodynamic environment lead to the differences in the distribution of the mineral combinations:Zone I-1 and III-1 are located in a high-energy perturbation environment under long-term wave action;Zone I-2 and III-2 are located in an environment with high-speed currents;Zone I-3 and III-3 are located in a perturbation environment,where the easy-start components are enriched and the currents are weakened.Zone IV are located in a calm environment under the influence of weak currents.
Based on the analysis of the detrital minerals of 307 surface sediment samples of the Bohai Bay,the authors studied the distribution characteristics of mineral contents and combinations,and explored their implications for provenance and sedimentary dynamical environment.The results show that the study area can be divided into 4 provenance mineral zones:Zone I is dominated by the detrital materials from the Yellow River and characterized by high contents of biotite,muscovite,hematite,and highest quartz/feldspar maturity.Zone II is dominated by the detrital materials from the Haihe River and characterized by high contents of hornblende,and medium quartz/feldspar maturity.Zone III is dominated by the detrital materials from the Luanhe River and characterized by high contents of ilmenite,garnet,and lowest quartz/feldspar maturity.Zone IV is affected by multiple provenances.The detrital materials from the Yellow River has the strongest influence and controll the entire southern half of the Bohai Bay.Although the sediments supplyed by the Luanhe River are much less than that by the Yellow River,the influence of the detrital materials from the Luanhe River is not weak and controll the northern and northeastern part of the Bohai Bay.The influence of the detrital materials from the Haihe River is relatively weak,and be limited to the mouth vicinity of the Haihe River in the northwestern part of Bohai Bay.Hydrodynamic environment lead to the differences in the distribution of the mineral combinations:Zone I-1 and III-1 are located in a high-energy perturbation environment under long-term wave action;Zone I-2 and III-2 are located in an environment with high-speed currents;Zone I-3 and III-3 are located in a perturbation environment,where the easy-start components are enriched and the currents are weakened.Zone IV are located in a calm environment under the influence of weak currents.
引文
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[2]范代读,王扬扬,吴伊婧.长江沉积物源示踪研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):515-528.Fan Daidu,Wang Yangyang,Wu Yijing.Advances in provenance studies of Changjiang Riverine sediments[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(5):515-528.
[3]赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):409-415.Zhao Hongge,Liu Chiyang.Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(3):409-415.
[4]王昆山,石学法,蔡善武,等.黄河口及莱州湾表层沉积物中重矿物分布与来源[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(6):1-8.Wang Kunshan,Shi Xuefa,Cai Shanwu,et al.Distribution and provenance of the surface sediments of the Yellow River mouth and Laizhou Bay deduced from heavy minerals[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2010,30(6):1-8.
[5]张立奎.渤海湾海岸带环境演变及控制因素研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Zhang Likui.Research on the Coastal Environment Evolution and Its’Controlling Factors of Bohai Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[6]杨作升,孙宝喜,沈渭铨.黄河口毗邻海域细粒级沉积物特征及沉积物入海后的运移[J].山东海洋学院学报,1985,15(2):121-129.Yang Zuosheng,Sun Baoxi,Shen Weiquan.Characteristics of finegrained sediment of the shelf area adjacent to the mouth of the Huanghe and sediment dispersion in that region[J].Journal of Shandong College of Oceanology,1985,15(2):121-129.
[7]张义丰,李凤新.黄河、滦河三角洲的物质组成及其来源[J].海洋科学,1983,7(3):15-18.Zhang Yifeng,Li Fengxin.The characteristics of material component and the material resources in Huanghe(Yellow)River,Luanhe River[J].Marine Sciences,1983,7(3):15-18.
[8]王艳君.海河尾闾沉积物特征分析兼与黄河尾闾沉积物比较[D].烟台:鲁东大学,2017.Wang Yanjun.Analysis of Sediment Characteristics in the Tail Section of Haihe River and Compared with the Tail Section of Yellow River[D].Yantai:Ludong University,2017.
[9]孙白云.黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(3):23-34.Sun Baiyun.Detrital mineral assemblages in the Huanghe,Changjiang and Zhujiang River Delta sediments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1990,10(3):23-34.
[10]林晓彤,李巍然,时振波.黄河物源碎屑沉积物的重矿物特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(3):17-21.Lin Xiaotong,Li Weiran,Shi Zhenbo.Characteristics of mineralogy in the clastic sediments from the Yellow River provenance,China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2003,23(3):17-21.
[11]韩宗珠,衣伟虹,李敏,等.渤海湾北部沉积物重矿物特征及物源分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2013,43(4):73-79.Han Zongzhu,Yi Weihong,Li Min,et al.Analysis for heavy mineral characteristics and material provenance in the sediments of the northern Bohai Bay[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(4):73-79.
[12]祝贺,衣华鹏,孙志高,等.曹妃甸近岸及周边海区碎屑矿物组成特征及其环境意义[J].海洋科学,2016,40(8):76-83.Zhu He,Yi Huapeng,Sun Zhigao,et al.Environmental significance of detrital minerals and their composition in the Caofeidian inshore and adjacent sea[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(8):76-83.
[13]陈丽蓉,栾作峰,郑铁民,等.渤海沉积物中的矿物组合及其分布特征的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1980,11(1):46-64.Chen Lirong,Luan Zuofeng,Zheng Tiemin,et al.Mineral assemblages and their distribution patterns in the sediments of the gulf of Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1980,11(1):46-64.
[14]刘建国.全新世渤海泥质区的沉积物物质组成特征及其环境意义[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2007.Liu Jianguo.Material Compositions of Sediments in the Bohai Sea Mud Area During the Holocene and Their Environmental Implications[D].Qingdao:Institute of Oceanography Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.
[15]王琦,曹立华,杨作升,等.黄河水下三角洲的动力沉积特征[J].中国科学(B辑),1991,21(6):659-665.Wang Qi,Cao Lihua,Yang Zuosheng,et al.Dynamic sedimentary characteristics of the Yellow River subaqueous delta[J].Chinese Science(Series B),1991,21(6):659-665.
[16]王月霄,刘国宝.河北省曹妃甸岛群现代沉积特征及开发利用[J].河北省科学院学报,1995,12(2):13-19.Wang Yuexiao,Liu Guobao.Modern sediment characteristic and economic development of Caofeidian Islands,Hebei[J].Journal of the Hebei Academy of Sciences,1995,12(2):13-19.
[17]高善明.全新世滦河三角洲相和沉积模式[J].地理学报,1981,36(3):303-314.Gao Shanming.Facies and sedimentary models of the Luan River Delta[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1981,36(3):303-314.
[18]黎刚,孙祝友.曹妃甸老龙沟动力地貌体系及演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(1):11-19.Li Gang,Sun Zhuyou.morphodynamic system and the evolution of laolonggou tidal inlet[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(1):11-19.
[19]Wang X,Miao X.Weathering history indicated by the luminescence emissions in Chinese loess and paleosol[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2006,25(13-14):1719-1726.
[20]Devine S,Ferrell R,Billings G.A quantitative X-ray diffraction technique applied to fine-grained sediments of the deep Gulf of Mexico[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1972,42(2):468-475.
[21]中国科学院海洋研究所.渤海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences.Bohai Geology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.
[22]王中波,杨守业,李日辉,等.黄河水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及沉积动力环境约束[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(4):73-85.Wang Zhongbo,Yang Shouye,Li Rihui,et al.Detrital mineral composition of the sediments from Huanghe and its hydrodynamic environmental constraints[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2010,30(4):73-85.
[23]Wang K,Shi X,Jiang X.Sediment provenance and province of the southern Yellow Sea:Evidence from light mineral[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(1):30-36.
[24]Doyle L,Carder K,Steward R.The hydraulic equivalence of mica[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1983,53(2):643-648.
[25]张连杰,胡日军,朱龙海,等.文登近岸海域重矿物组合分布及对沉积动力环境的指示[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(1):127-138.Zhang Lianjie,Hu Rijun,Zhu Longhai,et al.Distribution of heavy mineral assemblages in Wendeng nearshore waters and their implications for sedimentary dynamic environment[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2018,38(1):127-138.
[26]侍茂崇,赵进平.黄河三角洲半日潮无潮区位置及水文特征分析[J].山东海洋学院院报,1985,15(1):127-136.Shi Maochong,Zhao Jinping.The analysis of hydrographical characteristics in the nontidal region M2near the delta of the Huanghe River[J].Journal of Shandong College of Oceanology,1985,15(1):127-136.
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