VIIRS和AVHRR海表温度场空间精细度估算
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摘要
对上层海洋次中尺度过程研究至关重要的卫星海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature, SST)场的空间精细度一直未受到足够重视。由于卫星SST产品反演噪声的影响和实测数据的缺乏等原因,目前对卫星SST场空间精细度的研究受到较大限制。本研究开发了一套估算卫星SST场空间精细度的方法,将Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership卫星Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(Suomi-NPP/VIIRS)和NOAA-15卫星Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(NOAA-15/AVHRR)Level-2 SST场的空间能量谱与长时间在同一航线反复观测的高空间分辨率实测海温数据的空间能量谱进行了比较。研究发现VIIRS SST场夜间沿扫描方向在1.5～50 km尺度对海表温度空间能量的分布特征和变化趋势描述准确,日变化导致VIIRS白天场次中尺度空间谱能量相对夜晚有所增加。AVHRR SST场空间谱能量在次中尺度相比VIIRS有较大升高。
The spatial precision of satellite-derived sea surface temperature(SST) fields plays a significant role in the quality measurement, which can help improving the selection of datasets for theresearch of the upper ocean submesoscale processes, while most attention has been focused on the temporal accuracy with little attention being given to the spatial precision. The spatial precision related research is very limited because of the retrieval noise of satellite-derived SST products and the paucity of in-situ observation. An approachis developed in this study to evaluate the spatial precision of satellite-derived SST fields based on the comparison of spatial power spectra obtained from Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(Suomi-NPP/VIIRS) and NOAA-15 satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(NOAA-15/AVHRR) Level-2 SST fields with those obtained from a long time series of high spatial resolution in-situ measures in the Sargasso Sea. We found VIIRS nighttime along-scan spectra provide excellent estimates of the slope from 1.5 km to 50 km. VIIRS spectra show more energy at daytime than nighttime. AVHRR spectra have elevated energy at submesoscale.
The spatial precision of satellite-derived sea surface temperature(SST) fields plays a significant role in the quality measurement, which can help improving the selection of datasets for theresearch of the upper ocean submesoscale processes, while most attention has been focused on the temporal accuracy with little attention being given to the spatial precision. The spatial precision related research is very limited because of the retrieval noise of satellite-derived SST products and the paucity of in-situ observation. An approachis developed in this study to evaluate the spatial precision of satellite-derived SST fields based on the comparison of spatial power spectra obtained from Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(Suomi-NPP/VIIRS) and NOAA-15 satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(NOAA-15/AVHRR) Level-2 SST fields with those obtained from a long time series of high spatial resolution in-situ measures in the Sargasso Sea. We found VIIRS nighttime along-scan spectra provide excellent estimates of the slope from 1.5 km to 50 km. VIIRS spectra show more energy at daytime than nighttime. AVHRR spectra have elevated energy at submesoscale.
引文
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[20] Tandeo P,Autret E,Bertrand Chapron,et al.SST spatial anisotropic covariances from METOP-AVHRR data pierre ronan fablet[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,141:144-148.
[2] Capet X,McWilliams J C,Molemaker M J,et al.Mesoscale to sub-mesoscale transition in the california current system.Part II:frontal processes[J].J Physical Oceanography,2008,38(1):44-64.
[3] D’Asaro E,Lee C,Rainville L,et al.Enhanced turbulence and energy dissipation at ocean fronts[J].Science(New York),2011,332(6027):318-322.
[4] Molemaker M J,McWilliams J C,Capet X.Balanced and unbalanced routes to dissipation in an equilibrated Eady flow[J].J Fluid Mechanics,2010,654:35-63.
[5] Fox-Kemper B.Parameterization of mixed layer eddies.III:Implementation and impact in global ocean climate simulations[J].Ocean Modelling,2011,39(1-2):61-78.
[6] Thomas L N,Tandon A,Mahadevan A.Submesoscale processes and dynamics[J].Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime,2008,177:17-38.
[7] Schueler C F,Clement J E,Ardanuy P E,et al.NPOESS VIIRS Sensor Design Overview[R].[s.l.]:International Society for Optics and Photonics,2002:11-23.
[8] Deschamps P Y,Frouin R,Wald L.Satellite determination of the mesoscalevariabil-ity of the sea surface temperature[J].J Physical Oceanography,1981,11:864-870.
[9] Deschamps P Y,Frouin R,Cre Pon M.Sea surface temperatures of the coastal zones of France observed by the HCMM satellite[J].J Geophysical Research,1984,89:8123-8149.
[10] Schloesser F,Cornillon P,Donohue K,et al.Evaluation of thermosalinograph and VIIRS data for the characterization of near-surface temperature fields[J].J Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2016,34:1843-1858.
[11] Seaman C,Hillger D,Kopp T,et al.Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) Imagery Environmental Data Record(EDR) User’s Guide Version 1.1[R].USA:NOAA,2014:35.
[12] Schueler C F,Lee T F,Miller S D.VIIRS constant spatial-resolution advantages[J].J Remote Sensing,2002,34(16):5761-5777.
[13] NOAA.Environmental Data Record[EB/OL].[2017-03-23].https://www.avl.class.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?datatype_family=VIIRS_EDR.
[14] Kilpatrick K A,PodestáG P,Evans R.Overview of the NOAA/NASA advanced very high resolution radiometer Pathfinder algorithm for sea surface temperature and associated matchup database[J].J Geophys Research,2001,106:9179-9198.
[15] Wang D P,Flagg C N,Donohue K,et al.Wavenumber spectrum in the Gulf Stream from shipboard ADCP observations and comparison with altimetry meaurements[J].J Physical Oceanography,2010,40:840-844.
[16] Bouali M,Ignatov A.Adaptive reduction of striping for improved sea surface temperature imagery from suomi national polar-orbiting partnership( S-NPP) visible infrared imaging radiometer suite(VIIRS)[J].J Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2014,31:150-163.
[17] Cornillon P C,Stramma L.The distribution of diurnal sea surface warming events in the western Sargasso Sea[J].J Geophys Research,1985,90:11811-11815.
[18] Stramma L,Cornillon P C,Weller R A,et al.Large diurnal sea surface temperature variability:Satellite and in situ measurements[J].J Physical Oceanography,1986,16(5):827-837.
[19] Barnes S L.A technique for maximizing details in nu-merical weather map analysis[J].J Appl Meteor,1964,3:396-409.
[20] Tandeo P,Autret E,Bertrand Chapron,et al.SST spatial anisotropic covariances from METOP-AVHRR data pierre ronan fablet[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,141:144-148.