“乡”字演变过程及与他字关系
|
摘要
汉字"乡"在现代汉语词典中有三种解释,分别是乡村(跟"城"相对)、家乡以及我国行政区划的基层单位。单从字形来看,"乡"字可以看做独体字,似乎与其所代表的三个义项没有任何直接关联。众所周知,我们现代汉语中通用的"乡"字是简化后的形体表现,它的繁体字形是"鄉",在古代汉语中"鄉"的义项则有很多,远非现代汉语中寥寥三个义项可比。此外,"鄉"的字形甚至字音都并非我们现代汉语所显示的那样单一。通过对"乡"这一本字字形的追源溯流,我们可以得出如下结论:"乡"的繁体字"鄉"并非许慎所说的形声字,而是典型的会意字;同时结合古籍文献,辨析字形演变过程中出现的同源字、异体字等情况,从而揭开"乡"字的神秘面纱。
The Chinese character"Xiang"has three definitions in modern Chinese dictionaries,which are rural(as opposed to"city"),hometown,and the basic units of China's administrative divisions. From the perspective of font shape alone,"Xiang"can be regarded as a single character,which seems to have no direct correlation with the three meanings that it represents. As we all know,in modern Chinese the common character "Xiang"is a simplified form,and the traditional Chinese character is"Xiang".In ancient Chinese,there are a lot of meanings of "Xiang",which are not comparable with only three meanings in modern Chinese.Moreover,the shape and even the pronunciation of "Xiang"are not as single as our modern Chinese shows. Through tracing the origin of Xiang's character form,this paper tries to find out a more detailed evolution process of character form and meaning from the original oracle bone inscriptions to the simplified Chinese characters commonly used today. At the same time,combining with the ancient books and documents,the author discriminates and analyzes the cognate characters and variant characters in the evolution process of the character form,thus revealing the mysterious veil of"Xiang"character.
The Chinese character"Xiang"has three definitions in modern Chinese dictionaries,which are rural(as opposed to"city"),hometown,and the basic units of China's administrative divisions. From the perspective of font shape alone,"Xiang"can be regarded as a single character,which seems to have no direct correlation with the three meanings that it represents. As we all know,in modern Chinese the common character "Xiang"is a simplified form,and the traditional Chinese character is"Xiang".In ancient Chinese,there are a lot of meanings of "Xiang",which are not comparable with only three meanings in modern Chinese.Moreover,the shape and even the pronunciation of "Xiang"are not as single as our modern Chinese shows. Through tracing the origin of Xiang's character form,this paper tries to find out a more detailed evolution process of character form and meaning from the original oracle bone inscriptions to the simplified Chinese characters commonly used today. At the same time,combining with the ancient books and documents,the author discriminates and analyzes the cognate characters and variant characters in the evolution process of the character form,thus revealing the mysterious veil of"Xiang"character.
引文
[1]段玉裁.说文解字注[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2017.
[2]王力.王力古汉语字典[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
[3]李乐毅.简化字源[M].北京:华语教学出版社,1996.
[4]汤可敬.说文解字今释[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1997.
[5]黎翔凤.管子校注[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[6]汉语大字典编辑委员会.汉语大字典[M].第二版缩印本.上海:崇文书局,2018.
[7]程俊英.诗经译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2016.
[8]郭庆藩.庄子今注今译[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016.
[9]傅东华.字源[M].上海:艺文印书馆,1985.
[10]窦文宇,窦勇.汉字字源[M].长春:吉林文史出版社,2005.
[11]曹础基.庄子浅注[M].北京:中华书局,1988.
(1)文中所有图片均引自国学大师网。
[2]王力.王力古汉语字典[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
[3]李乐毅.简化字源[M].北京:华语教学出版社,1996.
[4]汤可敬.说文解字今释[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1997.
[5]黎翔凤.管子校注[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[6]汉语大字典编辑委员会.汉语大字典[M].第二版缩印本.上海:崇文书局,2018.
[7]程俊英.诗经译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2016.
[8]郭庆藩.庄子今注今译[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016.
[9]傅东华.字源[M].上海:艺文印书馆,1985.
[10]窦文宇,窦勇.汉字字源[M].长春:吉林文史出版社,2005.
[11]曹础基.庄子浅注[M].北京:中华书局,1988.
(1)文中所有图片均引自国学大师网。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |