水淹对红花玉蕊幼苗生长及生理特性的影响
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摘要
为揭示淹水胁迫对淡水红树植物红花玉蕊的生长及生理特性的影响,获得红花玉蕊在10‰盐水淹浸时适生的水位范围。模拟半日潮,每天在温室分别以不同水位(不淹、淹浸至地径、淹浸至枝下高、全淹)对2年生红花玉蕊实生苗进行不同水位淹浸胁迫处理6h,以不淹为对照(CK),处理后每7d调查各处理幼苗的形态指标,第10天取样测定各处理的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,综合分析红花玉蕊的耐水淹能力。结果表明,10‰盐水淹浸幼苗10d后,红花玉蕊幼苗无死亡株,幼苗株高及地径均有所增长,淹浸至地茎、枝下高2种水位均对株高、地径、叶片的生长起促进作用,全淹时均有所抑制,不利于幼苗正常生长。在生理指标上,随着淹浸水位的不断升高,幼苗叶片的SOD酶活性逐渐增高,全淹较对照呈显著差异(P<0.05);POD酶活和丙二醛含量均是先升高后降低,脯氨酸含量先降低后急剧升高,全淹较CK呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。综合分析得知,适当水位的盐水淹浸有利于红花玉蕊的生长,其在10‰盐水淹浸胁迫下主要通过快速增加脯氨酸含量来维持细胞正常的渗透压,同时启动SOD酶、POD酶以清除活性氧对植株的损伤,而后开始适应外界淹水环境。红花玉蕊幼苗在10‰盐水环境下最佳淹水水位为淹浸至地径,适生水位范围是不淹至枝下高。
To reveal the effects of flooding stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of the freshwater mangrove Barringtonia acutangula,and to obtain a suitable water level range for the plant growth under 10‰salt water immersion.The half-day tide was simulated,and the two-year-old B.acutangulaseedlings were treated with different water levels in the greenhouse(no flooding,flooding to the basal stem,flooding to the under branch height,and full flooding)for 6 h,no flooding was taken as the control.The morphological indexes of each treated seedlings were investigated every 7 days after the treatment,and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities of each treatment were measured on the10 th day of the treatment.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline(Pro)were comprehensively analyzed for the water-resistant ability of B.acutangula.After 10 days of flooding with 10‰ salt water with different levels,no dead seedlings were found.The plant height and ground diameter of all the flooding treatments increased.Two water levels(flooding to the basal stem,and to the under branch height)promoted the growth of seedling height,ground diameter and the leaves.Full flooding treatment however,inhibited the growth,which was not conducive to the normal growth of the seedlings.On the physiological indexes,with the increase of water level,the SOD activity of the seedling leaves increased gradually,and the full flooding was significantly different from the control(P<0.05).The POD activity and the malondialdehyde content increased first,and then decreased.The proline content decreased first and then increased sharply.The full flooding was significantly different from the control(P<0.01).Comprehensive analysis showed that 10‰salt water immersion at appropriate water level was beneficial to the growth of B.acutangula,which maintained normal osmotic pressure by rapidly increasing proline content,and activated SOD and POD enzymes to remove the damage of reactive oxygen species to plant,and then began to adapt to the external flooding environment.Under 10‰salt water environment,the optimum flooding water level for B.acutangula was flooding to the basal stem,and the optimum water level suitable for the growth was flooding to the stem height below branches.
To reveal the effects of flooding stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of the freshwater mangrove Barringtonia acutangula,and to obtain a suitable water level range for the plant growth under 10‰salt water immersion.The half-day tide was simulated,and the two-year-old B.acutangulaseedlings were treated with different water levels in the greenhouse(no flooding,flooding to the basal stem,flooding to the under branch height,and full flooding)for 6 h,no flooding was taken as the control.The morphological indexes of each treated seedlings were investigated every 7 days after the treatment,and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities of each treatment were measured on the10 th day of the treatment.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline(Pro)were comprehensively analyzed for the water-resistant ability of B.acutangula.After 10 days of flooding with 10‰ salt water with different levels,no dead seedlings were found.The plant height and ground diameter of all the flooding treatments increased.Two water levels(flooding to the basal stem,and to the under branch height)promoted the growth of seedling height,ground diameter and the leaves.Full flooding treatment however,inhibited the growth,which was not conducive to the normal growth of the seedlings.On the physiological indexes,with the increase of water level,the SOD activity of the seedling leaves increased gradually,and the full flooding was significantly different from the control(P<0.05).The POD activity and the malondialdehyde content increased first,and then decreased.The proline content decreased first and then increased sharply.The full flooding was significantly different from the control(P<0.01).Comprehensive analysis showed that 10‰salt water immersion at appropriate water level was beneficial to the growth of B.acutangula,which maintained normal osmotic pressure by rapidly increasing proline content,and activated SOD and POD enzymes to remove the damage of reactive oxygen species to plant,and then began to adapt to the external flooding environment.Under 10‰salt water environment,the optimum flooding water level for B.acutangula was flooding to the basal stem,and the optimum water level suitable for the growth was flooding to the stem height below branches.
引文
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[2]邱凤英.几种半红树植物生物学特性耐盐耐水淹及造林试验研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2009.
[3]廖宝文.三种红树植物对潮水淹浸与水体盐度适应能力的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.
[4]刁俊明,陈桂珠.不同淡水水位对桐花树幼苗生理生态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(28):1-8.DIAO J M,CHEN G ZH.Effect of different fresh water-logging levels on the physio-ecological characteristics of Aegiceras corniculatumseedlings[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(28):1-8.(in Chinese)
[5]罗美娟,崔丽娟,张守攻,等.淹水胁迫对桐花树幼苗水分和矿质元素的影响[J].福建林学院学报,2012,32(4):336-340LUO M J,CUI L J,ZHANG S G,et al.Effects of flooding stress on water and mineral nutrients in Aegiceras corniculatumseedlings[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2012,32(4):336-340.(in Chinese)
[6]HOVENDEN M J,CURRAN M,COLE M A,et al.Ventilation and respiration in roots of one-year-old seedlings of grey mangrove Avicennia marina(Forsk.)Vierh[J].Hydrobiologia,1995,295:23-29.
[7]ELLISON A M,FARNSWORTH E J.Simulated sea level change alters anatomy,physiology,growth,and reproduction of red mangrove(Rhizophora mangle L.)[J].Oceanographic Literature Review,1998,45(6):1003-1004.
[8]PEZESHKI S R,DELAUNE R D,MEEDER J F.Carbon assimilation and biomass partitioning in Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle seedlings in responseto soil redox conditions[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,1997,37:161-171.
[9]CHEN L Z,WANG W Q,LIN P.Photosynthetic and physiological responses of Kandelia candel(L.)Druce seedlings to duration of tidal immersion inartificial seawater[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2005,54:256-266.
[10]YOUSSEF T,SAENGER P.Anatomical adaptive strategies to flooding and rhizophere oxidation in mangrove seedlings[J].Australian Journal of Botany,1996,44,297-313.
[11]DREW M C,HE C J,MORGAN P W.Programmed Cell Death and Aerenchyma Formation in Roots[J].Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(3):123-127.
[12]ALLAWAY W G,CURRAN M,HOLLINGTON L M,et al.Gas space and oxygen exchange in roots of Avicennia marina(Forssk.)Vierh.var.australasica(Walp.)moldenkeex N.C.Duke,the Grey Mangrove[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2001(9):211-218.
[13]CHIU C Y,CHOU C H.Oxidation in the rhizosphere of mangrove Kandelia candel seedling,soil sci[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1993,39(4):725-731.
[14]NAIDOO G,ROGALLA H,VON-WILLERT D J.Gas exchange responses of a mangrove species,Avicennia marina,to water logged and drained conditions[J].Hydrobiologia,1997,352:39-47.
[15]KITAYA Y,JINTANA V,PIRIYAYOTHA S.Early growth of seven mangrove species planted at different elevations in a Thai estuary[J].Trees,2002,16(2/3):150-154.
[16]SCHOLANDER P F,VAN DAM L,SCHOLANDER S I.Gas exchange in the roots of mangroves[J].American Journal of Botany,1995,42:92-98.
[17]SCHOLANDER P F,HAMMERL H T,HEMMINGEN E,et al.Salt balance in mangroves[J].Plant Physiology,1962,37:722-729.
[18]KOZLOWSKI T T.Flooding and Plant Growth[M].London:Academic Press,INC,1984.
[19]TOMLINSON P B.The Botany of Mangroves[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1986.
[20]ARMSTRONG W,BRANDLE R,JACKSON M B.Mechanisms of flood tolerance in plants[J].Acta Botanica Neerlandica,1994,43:307-358.
[21]BALL M C.Ecophysiology of mangroves[J].Trees,1988(2):129-142.
[22]邢建宏,潘德灼,谭芳林,等.NaCl胁迫对秋茄幼苗根系抗氧化系统的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2018,26(3):241-248.XING J H,PAN D Z,TAN F L,et al.Effect of NaCl stress on antioxidant system in kandelia candel roots[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2018,26(3):241-248.(in Chinese)
[23]臧剑,符秀梅,王鹤鸣,等.角果木根系盐胁迫的防御机理[J].热带生物学报,2013,4(2):161-164.ZANG J,FU X M,WANG H M,et al.Preliminary study on the salt stress defense mechanisms of Ceriops tagal root[J].Journal of Tropical Biology,2013,4(2):161-164.(in Chinese)
[24]ABHIK G,WATER AVAILABILITY.Poverty and socio-economic crisis in the floodplains of barak valley[J].Assam,North East India.www.mpl.ird.fr/ur 044/projects/textes/Gupta,2006.
[25]覃海宁,杨永,董仕勇,等.中国高等植物受威胁物种名录[J].生物多样性,2017,25(7):696-744.QIN H N,YANG Y,DONG S Y.List of China's higher plant threatened species[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(7):696-744.(in Chinese)
[26]宋莉英,黎昌汉.珍奇的庭园树木---4种外来玉蕊科植物[J].广东园林,2009,31(3):51-53.SONG L Y,LI C H.Rare gardening trees-four lecythidaceae plant species[J].Guangdong Garden,2009,31(3):51-53.(in Chinese)
[27]李玲.植物生理学模块实验指导[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.LI L.Plant Physiology Module Experimental Guide[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[28]吴麟,张伟伟,葛晓敏,等.植物对淹水胁迫的响应机制研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(6):27-33.WU L,ZHANG W W,GE X M,et al.A review of the response mechanisms of plants to waterlogging stress[J].World Forestry Research,2012,25(6):27-33.(in Chinese)
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