充填开采采场球应力壳分布及演化规律研究
|
摘要
针对传统矿压理论中对采场承载体系的解析所存在的问题,本文提出采用球应力这一表征岩体三维应力及完整性状态的力学参量进行工作面围岩稳定性控制分析。基于充填采场上覆岩层结构及球应力分布的相互关系研究,认为采场围岩中存在对其稳定性起主控作用的球应力壳结构。采用FLAC3D数值软件建立了充填开采的全应变软化数值模型,模拟分析了充填开采采场球应力壳的空间分布形态及其随工作面推进的演化规律。研究表明:球应力壳由低球应力值的应力核区及核外区域所组成,球应力壳随工作面推进呈现阶段性时空演化特征,其趋稳过程历经上壳发展、上壳稳定、下壳发展及应力壳稳定4个阶段;工作面推进距离小于工作面长度时,球应力壳受开采进度影响明显,并且相对上壳而言下壳的发展具有明显的滞后性;顶底板塑性区的破坏范围与球应力核区域范围相同且随工作面的推进保持同步协调关系,扩展空间由下及上,破坏深度由表及里,破坏形式由拉及剪。
Aiming at the problems existing in the analysis of stope bearing system in traditional rock pressure theory, this paper proposes the use of spherical stress, a mechanical parameter representing the three-dimensional stress and integrity state of rock mass, to analyze the stability of surrounding rock in working face. Based on the analysis of the interaction relationship between the overlying strata structure and the spherical stress distribution in the stope, spherical stress shell structure which exists in the surrounding rock of the stope is put forward and it plays a main role in the stability of stope. The whole strain softening numerical model of backfilling mining is established by using FLAC3 D numerical software. The spatial distribution pattern and the evolution law of the spherical stress shell with the advancing of backfilling mining working face are simulated and analyzed. Research shows that the spherical stress shell is composed of nuclear area with low spherical stress and region outside the nuclear area. Processes of spherical stress shell evolution with working face advancing are characterized by four different stages: upper shell development, upper shell stability, lower shell development, stress shell stability; spherical stress shell is significantly influenced by mining progress when the advancing distance is less than the length of the working face, and the lower shell is obviously lagging behind in terms of upper shell development; the plastic region is the same with the range of spherical stress nuclear area and keeps coordination with the working face advancing. The plastic region expands from down and up, damage depth is from the outside to the inside and the form of destruction is made by pulling and shearing.
Aiming at the problems existing in the analysis of stope bearing system in traditional rock pressure theory, this paper proposes the use of spherical stress, a mechanical parameter representing the three-dimensional stress and integrity state of rock mass, to analyze the stability of surrounding rock in working face. Based on the analysis of the interaction relationship between the overlying strata structure and the spherical stress distribution in the stope, spherical stress shell structure which exists in the surrounding rock of the stope is put forward and it plays a main role in the stability of stope. The whole strain softening numerical model of backfilling mining is established by using FLAC3 D numerical software. The spatial distribution pattern and the evolution law of the spherical stress shell with the advancing of backfilling mining working face are simulated and analyzed. Research shows that the spherical stress shell is composed of nuclear area with low spherical stress and region outside the nuclear area. Processes of spherical stress shell evolution with working face advancing are characterized by four different stages: upper shell development, upper shell stability, lower shell development, stress shell stability; spherical stress shell is significantly influenced by mining progress when the advancing distance is less than the length of the working face, and the lower shell is obviously lagging behind in terms of upper shell development; the plastic region is the same with the range of spherical stress nuclear area and keeps coordination with the working face advancing. The plastic region expands from down and up, damage depth is from the outside to the inside and the form of destruction is made by pulling and shearing.
引文
[1]张吉雄,缪协兴,郭广礼.固体密实充填采煤方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:47-52.
[2]钱鸣高.矿山压力及岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出报社,2010:125-128.
[3]钱鸣高.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出报社,2003:201-206.
[4]谢广祥.综放工作面及其围岩宏观应力壳力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(3):309-313.XIE Guangxiang.Mechanical characteristics of fully mechanized top-coal caving face and surrounding rock stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(3):309-313.
[5]谢广祥,杨科.采场围岩宏观应力壳演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊1):2676-2680.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke.Study of macro stress shell evolving characteristics of rock surrounding face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Sup1):2676-2680.
[6]杨科,谢广祥.深部长壁开采采动应力壳演化模型构建与分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1066-1071.YANG Ke,XIE Guangxiang.Modeling and analyzing on the development of mining induced stress shell in deep longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1066-1071.
[7]谢广祥.采高对工作面及围岩应力壳的力学特征影响[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(1):6-10.XIE Guangxiang.Influence of mining thickness on mechanical characteristics of working face and surrounding rock stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(1):6-10.
[8]谢广祥,王磊.采场围岩应力壳力学特征的岩性效应[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):44-49.XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei.Lithologic effect on the mechanical characteristics of mining-induced stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):44-49.
[9]谢广祥,王磊.采场围岩应力壳力学特征的工作面长度效应[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1336-1340.XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei.Effect of longwall length on mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock stress shell in mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1336-1340.
[10]王磊,谢广祥,王金安.采场围岩应力壳对破坏场的影响规律及应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):2009-2014.WANG Lei,XIE Guangxiang,WANG Jin’an.Numerical investigation on the influence of surrounding rock stress shell on fractured field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):2009-2014.
[11]XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai,YANG Ke.Investigations into stress shell characteristics of surrounding rock in fully mechanized top-coal caving face[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(1):172-181.
[12]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才.非对称综放开采煤层三维应力分布特征及其层厚效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):775-779.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,CHANG Jucai.Study on distribution characteristics of 3D stress and thickness effects of coal-seam in unsymmetrical disposal and fully-mechanized top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):775-779.
[13]王新丰,高明中,李隆钦.深部采场采动应力、覆岩运移以及裂隙场分布的时空耦合规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):604-610.WANG Xinfeng,GAO Mingzhong,LI Longqin.Spatiotemporal coupling law of mining pressure,strata movement and fracture field distribution in deep stope[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):604-610.
[14]李家卓,谢广祥,王磊,等.深部煤层底板岩层卸荷动态响应的变形破裂特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):876-883.LI Jiazhuo,XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei,et al.Mechanical mechanism of dynamic fracture evolution of coal floor unloading in deep mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):876-883.
[15]成云海,姜福兴,张兴民,等.微震监测揭示的C型采场空间结构及应力场[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):102-107.CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,et al.C-shaped strata spatial structure and stress field in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):102-107.
[16]姜福兴,刘懿,张益超,等.采场覆岩的“载荷三带”结构模型及其在防冲领域的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(12):2398-2408.JIANG Fuxing,LIU Yi,ZHANG Yichao,et al.Athree-zone structure loading model of overlying strata and its application on rockburst prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(12):2398-2408.
[17]黄庆享,周金龙,马龙涛,等.近浅埋煤层大采高工作面双关键层结构分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2504-2510.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong,MA Longtao,et al.Double key strata structure analysis of large mining height longwall face in nearly shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2504-2510.
[18]张吉雄,李剑,安泰龙,等.矸石充填综采覆岩关键层变形特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):357-362.ZHANG Jixiong,LI Jian,AN Tailong,et al.Deformation characteristic of key stratum overburden by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):357-362.
[19]徐平,周跃进,张敏霞,等.厚松散层薄基岩充填开采覆岩裂隙发育分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):617-622.XU Ping,ZHOU Yuejin,ZHANG Minxia,et al.Fracture development of overlying strata by backfill mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):617-622.
[20]陈明祥.弹塑性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:187-189.
[2]钱鸣高.矿山压力及岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出报社,2010:125-128.
[3]钱鸣高.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出报社,2003:201-206.
[4]谢广祥.综放工作面及其围岩宏观应力壳力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(3):309-313.XIE Guangxiang.Mechanical characteristics of fully mechanized top-coal caving face and surrounding rock stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(3):309-313.
[5]谢广祥,杨科.采场围岩宏观应力壳演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊1):2676-2680.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke.Study of macro stress shell evolving characteristics of rock surrounding face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Sup1):2676-2680.
[6]杨科,谢广祥.深部长壁开采采动应力壳演化模型构建与分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1066-1071.YANG Ke,XIE Guangxiang.Modeling and analyzing on the development of mining induced stress shell in deep longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1066-1071.
[7]谢广祥.采高对工作面及围岩应力壳的力学特征影响[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(1):6-10.XIE Guangxiang.Influence of mining thickness on mechanical characteristics of working face and surrounding rock stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(1):6-10.
[8]谢广祥,王磊.采场围岩应力壳力学特征的岩性效应[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):44-49.XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei.Lithologic effect on the mechanical characteristics of mining-induced stress shell[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):44-49.
[9]谢广祥,王磊.采场围岩应力壳力学特征的工作面长度效应[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1336-1340.XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei.Effect of longwall length on mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock stress shell in mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1336-1340.
[10]王磊,谢广祥,王金安.采场围岩应力壳对破坏场的影响规律及应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):2009-2014.WANG Lei,XIE Guangxiang,WANG Jin’an.Numerical investigation on the influence of surrounding rock stress shell on fractured field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):2009-2014.
[11]XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai,YANG Ke.Investigations into stress shell characteristics of surrounding rock in fully mechanized top-coal caving face[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(1):172-181.
[12]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才.非对称综放开采煤层三维应力分布特征及其层厚效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):775-779.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,CHANG Jucai.Study on distribution characteristics of 3D stress and thickness effects of coal-seam in unsymmetrical disposal and fully-mechanized top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):775-779.
[13]王新丰,高明中,李隆钦.深部采场采动应力、覆岩运移以及裂隙场分布的时空耦合规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):604-610.WANG Xinfeng,GAO Mingzhong,LI Longqin.Spatiotemporal coupling law of mining pressure,strata movement and fracture field distribution in deep stope[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):604-610.
[14]李家卓,谢广祥,王磊,等.深部煤层底板岩层卸荷动态响应的变形破裂特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):876-883.LI Jiazhuo,XIE Guangxiang,WANG Lei,et al.Mechanical mechanism of dynamic fracture evolution of coal floor unloading in deep mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):876-883.
[15]成云海,姜福兴,张兴民,等.微震监测揭示的C型采场空间结构及应力场[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):102-107.CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,et al.C-shaped strata spatial structure and stress field in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):102-107.
[16]姜福兴,刘懿,张益超,等.采场覆岩的“载荷三带”结构模型及其在防冲领域的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(12):2398-2408.JIANG Fuxing,LIU Yi,ZHANG Yichao,et al.Athree-zone structure loading model of overlying strata and its application on rockburst prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(12):2398-2408.
[17]黄庆享,周金龙,马龙涛,等.近浅埋煤层大采高工作面双关键层结构分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2504-2510.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong,MA Longtao,et al.Double key strata structure analysis of large mining height longwall face in nearly shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2504-2510.
[18]张吉雄,李剑,安泰龙,等.矸石充填综采覆岩关键层变形特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):357-362.ZHANG Jixiong,LI Jian,AN Tailong,et al.Deformation characteristic of key stratum overburden by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):357-362.
[19]徐平,周跃进,张敏霞,等.厚松散层薄基岩充填开采覆岩裂隙发育分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):617-622.XU Ping,ZHOU Yuejin,ZHANG Minxia,et al.Fracture development of overlying strata by backfill mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):617-622.
[20]陈明祥.弹塑性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:187-189.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |