乳化剂对动态膜分离油水乳化液过程的影响
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摘要
利用管状陶瓷膜基氧化锆动态膜分离油水乳化液,研究了4种工业常见乳化剂[斯盘80 (SP-80)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)]对分离过程的影响。利用正交实验方法考察了乳化剂种类和浓度、乳化液温度和流量以及操作压力对过程的影响。正交实验结果表明,在SDS、1.0g/L、50℃、120L/h和0.14MPa操作条件下,油水混合物稳定渗透通量最大。单因素实验结果表明,当乳化剂浓度增大时,稳定渗透通量减小;当乳化液温度升高时,稳定渗透通量先增加后降低。无机盐离子Na+、Ca2+和Al3+的存在均可使稳定渗透通量增加。当Al3+大于0.75g/L时,乳化液的稳定性被完全破坏,更有利于提高渗透通量。基于实验结果,采用分子模拟方法研究了不同实验条件下乳化剂的乳化效果,分析了SDS的油水界面形成能(E)和水的界面扩散系数(D)与乳化剂浓度和乳化液温度的关系。模拟结果表明,E和D绝对值均随着乳化剂浓度和乳化液温度增加而增大。实验和模拟结果均表明,乳化剂的乳化效果决定了油滴的平均粒径,基于油水分离的堵塞机理,也由此影响了稳定渗透通量。模拟结果从微观角度解释了实验现象,研究结果可为动态膜处理油水乳化液的工业应用提供依据。
Ceramic tube supported zirconium dioxide dynamic membrane was applied to the separation of oil-in-water emulsion by crossflow microfiltration.Effects of four industrial emulsifiers,i.e.,span 80(SP-80),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SLS)and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)were investigated.The influence of emulsifier type and concentration,emulsion temperature and flow rate and operating pressure on the process were investigated by orthogonal experiment.The results show that the maximum steady permeate flux exists under operating conditions of SDS,1.0g/L,50?C,120L/h and 0.14MPa.Single factor experimental results show that the steady permeation flux decreases with the increase of emulsifier concentration,and increases first and then decreases with the increase of emulsion more than 0.75g/L,the stability of the emulsion is completely destroyed,which was more beneficial to improving the permeability flux.Based on the experimental results,molecular simulation method was adopted to study the emulsification under experimental operating conditions.Relationship between oilwater interface formation energy(E)of SDS and water interface diffusion coefficient(D)with emulsifier concentration and emulsion temperature was analyzed.Simulation results show that the absolute values of the E and D gradually increase with the increase of concentration and temperature.The experimental and numerical results show that the emulsifying effect of the emulsifier determines the average oil drop size within an emulsion and affects the stable permeation flux according to the plugging mechanism in the separation of oil-in-water emulsion.The simulation results have successfully explained the experimental permeation phenomena from a microscopic perspective.This fundamental research can provide a basis for industrial application of dynamic membrane treatment of oil-water.
Ceramic tube supported zirconium dioxide dynamic membrane was applied to the separation of oil-in-water emulsion by crossflow microfiltration.Effects of four industrial emulsifiers,i.e.,span 80(SP-80),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SLS)and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)were investigated.The influence of emulsifier type and concentration,emulsion temperature and flow rate and operating pressure on the process were investigated by orthogonal experiment.The results show that the maximum steady permeate flux exists under operating conditions of SDS,1.0g/L,50?C,120L/h and 0.14MPa.Single factor experimental results show that the steady permeation flux decreases with the increase of emulsifier concentration,and increases first and then decreases with the increase of emulsion more than 0.75g/L,the stability of the emulsion is completely destroyed,which was more beneficial to improving the permeability flux.Based on the experimental results,molecular simulation method was adopted to study the emulsification under experimental operating conditions.Relationship between oilwater interface formation energy(E)of SDS and water interface diffusion coefficient(D)with emulsifier concentration and emulsion temperature was analyzed.Simulation results show that the absolute values of the E and D gradually increase with the increase of concentration and temperature.The experimental and numerical results show that the emulsifying effect of the emulsifier determines the average oil drop size within an emulsion and affects the stable permeation flux according to the plugging mechanism in the separation of oil-in-water emulsion.The simulation results have successfully explained the experimental permeation phenomena from a microscopic perspective.This fundamental research can provide a basis for industrial application of dynamic membrane treatment of oil-water.
引文
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[16]王文娟.油水分离动态膜制备、应用及其形成机理研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2015.WANG Wenjuan. The research for dynamic membranepreparation, application of oily wastewater separation and itsformation mechanism[D]. Dalian:Dalian University ofTechnology, 2015.
[17] CHRISTOPHER J, SARPAL A S, KAPUR G S, et al. Chemicalstructure of bitumen-derived asphaltenes by nuclear magneticresonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry[J]. Fuel, 1996,75(8):999-1008.
[18]范维玉,赵品晖,康剑翘,等.分子模拟技术在乳化沥青研究中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 38(6):179-185.FAN Weiyu, ZHAO Pinhui, KAN Jianqiao, et al. Application ofmolecular simulation technology to emulsified asphalt study[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2014, 38(6):179-185.
[2] TONG K, ZHANG Y, LIU G, et al. Treatment of heavy oilwastewater by a conventional activated sludge process coupledwith an immobilized biological filter[J]. InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegra Dation, 2013, 84(5):65-71.
[3] BERN F. Physical-chemical methods of treatment for oil-containing effluents[J]. Waterence&Technology, 2011, 14(4):1195-1207.
[4]孙琳,田园媛,蒲万芬,等.高温低渗油藏表面活性剂驱影响因素研究[J].油田化学, 2013, 5(2):216-220.SUN Lin, TIAN Yuanyuan, PU Wanfen, et al. Study on theinfluence factors of surfactant flouding in high-temperature low-permeability reservoir[J]. Oil Chemistry, 2013, 5(2):216-220.
[5]陈银平.陶瓷膜基动态膜的制备及在油水分离中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2013.CHEN Yinping. The application of dynamic membrane formed onceramic tube in the separation of oil-in-water emulsions[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology, 2013.
[6] VINCENT-VELA M C, CUARTAS-URIBE B, ALVAREZ-BLANCO S, et al. Analysis of fouling resistances under dynamicmembrane filtration[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing,2011, 50(4):404-408.
[7] ZHAO Y J, TAN Y, WONG F S, et al. Formation of dynamicmembranes for oily water separation by crossflow filtration[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2005, 44(3):212-220.
[8]孙宏梅,潘艳秋,柏斌,等.炭膜基亲水性无机动态膜的制备研究[J].高校化学工程学报, 2011, 25(6):1062-1067.SUN Hongmei, PAN Yanqiu, BO Bin, et al. The study of preparation of hydrophilic inorganic dynamic membranes based ontubular porous carbon membrane[J]. Journal of ChemicalEngineering of Chinese Universities, 2011, 25(6):1062-1067.
[9]王文娟,赵昊瀚,潘艳秋.动态膜分离油水乳化液操作条件优化和影响因素分析[J].高校化学工程学报,2015,29(5):1045-1052.WANG Wenjuan, ZHAO Haohan, PAN Yanqiu. Processoptimization and characterization of oil-in-water emulsionseparation with dynamic membranes[J]. Journal of ChemicalEngineering of Chinese Universities, 2015, 29(5):1045-1052.
[10] DONG Z, LIN M, HAO W, et al. Influence of surfactants used insurfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oilemulsion[J]. Petroleum Science, 2010, 7(2):263-267.
[11]马宝东.表面活性剂提高油田污水回注效率的机理研究[D].济南:山东大学, 2014.MA Baodong. Mechanism of surfactant improving oilfieldwastewater recycling efficiency[D]. Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[12]殷红军.大庆油田含油污水处理关键技术参数研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2016.YIN Hongjun. Research on key technical parameters of oilywastewater treatment in Daqing Oilfield[D]. Changchun:JinlinUniversity, 2016.
[13] EVA FERNáNDEZ, JOSéMANUEL BENITO, CARMENPAZOS, et al. Ceramic membrane ultrafiltration of anionic andnonionic surfactant solutions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2005, 246(1):1-6.
[14] CHIU T Y, JAMES A E. Microfiltration of amphoteric surfactantusing ceramic membranes[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A, 2006, 280:58-65.
[15] MATOS M, GUTIéRREZ G, LOBO A, et al. Surfactant effect onthe ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsions using ceramicmembranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 520:749-759.
[16]王文娟.油水分离动态膜制备、应用及其形成机理研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2015.WANG Wenjuan. The research for dynamic membranepreparation, application of oily wastewater separation and itsformation mechanism[D]. Dalian:Dalian University ofTechnology, 2015.
[17] CHRISTOPHER J, SARPAL A S, KAPUR G S, et al. Chemicalstructure of bitumen-derived asphaltenes by nuclear magneticresonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry[J]. Fuel, 1996,75(8):999-1008.
[18]范维玉,赵品晖,康剑翘,等.分子模拟技术在乳化沥青研究中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 38(6):179-185.FAN Weiyu, ZHAO Pinhui, KAN Jianqiao, et al. Application ofmolecular simulation technology to emulsified asphalt study[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2014, 38(6):179-185.
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