冲击地压的不稳定能量触发机制研究
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摘要
为从能量角度揭示冲击地压产生机制,通过理论分析和现场实测微震活动与冲击地压之间的时空内在联系,研究了冲击地压的不稳定能量触发机制,得出了动力灾变的能量触发条件,提出了冲击地压的预测和预防思路.研究表明:当煤岩体具备压制能力高于临界值RE_0的不稳定能量积累机制,且已经积累了超过生成突发性灾害所需要的不稳定能量E_0;同时又产生了强度大于DI_0的初始启动扰动,即:RE>RE_0,E>E_0,DI>DI_0时,会发生冲击地压灾害;累积能量密度云图可以直观地找出冲击地压成核区及其之后能量密度云的演变规律,提前圈定冲击地压潜在危险区.预测冲击地压灾害需要找到确实能代表引起这种突发性灾害的初始启动扰动DI和当时所积累的不稳定能量E的监测指标;预防冲击地压灾害,需要使不稳定能量E小于临界值E_0,或使初始启动扰动DI小于临界值DI_0.
To reveal the rock burst mechanism in the view of energetics,the unstable energy triggering mechanism of rock burst was studied by means of theoretical analysis and in-site monitoring of the temporal-spatial relation between microseismic activities and the rock burst.The trigger conditions were put forward,and the prediction and prevention ideas were proposed.The result shows that when coal or rock has energy accumulation capacity higher than the critical value of RE_0,and has accumulated enough unstable energy needed to produce sudden disasters,meanwhile,when the disturbance intensity is higher than the critical value of DI_0,namely when RE>RE_0,E>E_0,DI>DI_0,the rock burst will happen.Accumulated ener-gy density contours can visually present the nucleation zone of rock burst and the subsequent temporal-spatial evolution law,and by which the potential rock burst zones can be delineated in advance.In terms of rock burst prediction,it is necessary to identify montioring indexs which can really represent the initial startup disturbance value of DIand the accumulated unstable energy value of Eat that time.To prevent the disaster,the unstable energy value of Eshould be less than the critical value of E_0,or the initial startup disturbance value of DI should be less than the critical value of DI_0.
To reveal the rock burst mechanism in the view of energetics,the unstable energy triggering mechanism of rock burst was studied by means of theoretical analysis and in-site monitoring of the temporal-spatial relation between microseismic activities and the rock burst.The trigger conditions were put forward,and the prediction and prevention ideas were proposed.The result shows that when coal or rock has energy accumulation capacity higher than the critical value of RE_0,and has accumulated enough unstable energy needed to produce sudden disasters,meanwhile,when the disturbance intensity is higher than the critical value of DI_0,namely when RE>RE_0,E>E_0,DI>DI_0,the rock burst will happen.Accumulated ener-gy density contours can visually present the nucleation zone of rock burst and the subsequent temporal-spatial evolution law,and by which the potential rock burst zones can be delineated in advance.In terms of rock burst prediction,it is necessary to identify montioring indexs which can really represent the initial startup disturbance value of DIand the accumulated unstable energy value of Eat that time.To prevent the disaster,the unstable energy value of Eshould be less than the critical value of E_0,or the initial startup disturbance value of DI should be less than the critical value of DI_0.
引文
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[2]QIAO J Y.Julia sets and complex singularities in diamond-like hierarchical Potts models[J].Science in China Series A:Mathematics,2005,48(3):388-412.
[3]HUA A Z,YOU M Q.Rock failure due to energy release during unloading and application to underground rockburst control[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(3):241-246.
[4]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[5]赵阳升,冯增朝,万志军.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1781-1783.ZHAO Yangshen,FENG Zengchao,WAN Zhijun,et al.Least energy priciple of dynamical failure of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1781-1783.
[6]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[7]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511-1516.JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511-1516.
[8]MAOCHEN G E.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):44-56.
[9]齐庆新,陈尚本,王怀新,等.冲击地压、岩爆、矿震的关系及其数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1852-1858.QI Qingxin,CHEN Shangben,WANG Huaixin,et al.Study on the relations among coal bump,rockburst and mining tremor with numerical simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1852-1858.
[10]李振雷,窦林名,蔡武,等.深部厚煤层断层煤柱型冲击矿压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):333-342.LI Zhenlei,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al.Fault-pillar induced rock burst mechanism of thick coal seam in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):333-342.
[11]王兴荣,陈晓平,荀尚培.从不稳定能量触发机制探讨突发性灾害[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):11-15.WANG Xingrong,CHEN Xiaoping,XUN Shangpei.Study on sudden disaster based on trigger mechanism of unstable energy[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1998,7(1):11-15.
[12]WANG G F,GONG S Y,LI Z L,et al.Evolution of stress concentration and energy release before rock bursts:Two case studies from Xingan Coal Mine,Hegang,China[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(8):3393-3401.
[13]王正义,窦林名,王桂峰,等.锚固巷道围岩结构动态响应规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(6):1132-1140.WANG Zhengyi,DOU Linming,WANG Guifeng,et al.Research on dynamic response of anchoring roadway surrounding rock structure[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(6):1132-1140.
[14]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al.Theory of rockburst start-up during coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.
[15]KORNOWSKI J,KURZEJA J.Prediction of rockburst probability given seismic energy and factors defined by the expert method of hazard evaluation(MRG)[J].Acta Geophysica,2012,60(2):472-486.
[16]窦林名,姜耀东,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场-震动波场”监测预警技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):803-811.DOU Linming,JIANG Yaodong,CAO Anye,et al.Rockburst hazard monitoring and pre-warning technology of stress field and wave field in underground coalmines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):803-811.
[17]DOU L M,CHEN T J,GONG S Y,et al.Rockburst hazard determination by using computed tomography technology in deep workface[J].Safety Science,2011,50(4):736-740.