大沽河口潮间带表层沉积物砷和汞的污染评价
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摘要
2014年10月底和2015年7月底对青岛大沽河口潮间带表层沉积物进行了2个航次的调查,测定了15个枯季表层沉积物样品和45个洪季表层沉积物样品中砷和汞的含量,并进行了污染评价分析。结果表明,枯季表层沉积物中砷含量基本都超过第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,而洪季表层沉积物中砷含量符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。枯季和洪季表层沉积物中的汞含量均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。采用地累积指数法(I_(geo))和潜在生态危机指数法(E_r~i)对该区域表层沉积物中的砷和汞进行污染评价。结果表明,枯季表层沉积物中砷属于轻度~偏中度污染,汞属于无污染~轻度污染;洪季沉积物中砷基本无污染,汞属于无污染~偏中度污染。枯季表层沉积物中砷的潜在生态危害程度为轻微~中等水平,汞的潜在生态危害程度为轻微~较强水平;洪季表层沉积物中砷的潜在生态危害程度为轻微水平,汞的潜在生态危害程度为轻微~较强水平。
Research of surface sediments from intertidal zone of Dagu estuary in Qingdao was carried on at the end of October in 2014 and the end of July in 2015. The content of mercury and arsenic of 15 surface sediments in dry season and45 surface sediments in wet season was determined,and the contamination assessment was conducted. Results showed that the content of arsenic in dry season satisified Class Ⅱ of Marine Sediment Standard,while the content of arsenic in wet season satisfied the Class I. The content of mercury satisified the Class I of Marine Sediment Standard both in dry and wet seasons. The contamination assessment was conducted with geoaccumulation index(I_(geo))and potential ecological risk index(E_r~i). Results demonstrated that the arsenic of surface sediment in dry season was mild to moderate polluted,and the mercury was unpolluted to mild polluted. The arsenic of surface sediment in wet season was unpolluted,and the mercury was also unpolluted to moderate polluted. The potential ecological risk level of arsenic in dry season was mild to moderate,while that in wet season was mild. The potential ecological risk level of mercury was mild to high in both seasons.
Research of surface sediments from intertidal zone of Dagu estuary in Qingdao was carried on at the end of October in 2014 and the end of July in 2015. The content of mercury and arsenic of 15 surface sediments in dry season and45 surface sediments in wet season was determined,and the contamination assessment was conducted. Results showed that the content of arsenic in dry season satisified Class Ⅱ of Marine Sediment Standard,while the content of arsenic in wet season satisfied the Class I. The content of mercury satisified the Class I of Marine Sediment Standard both in dry and wet seasons. The contamination assessment was conducted with geoaccumulation index(I_(geo))and potential ecological risk index(E_r~i). Results demonstrated that the arsenic of surface sediment in dry season was mild to moderate polluted,and the mercury was unpolluted to mild polluted. The arsenic of surface sediment in wet season was unpolluted,and the mercury was also unpolluted to moderate polluted. The potential ecological risk level of arsenic in dry season was mild to moderate,while that in wet season was mild. The potential ecological risk level of mercury was mild to high in both seasons.
引文
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[19]GB 18668-2002,海洋沉积物质量[S].
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[22]李玉,俞志明,曹西华,等.重金属在胶州湾表层沉积物中的分布与富集[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(6):581-589.Li Yu,Yu Zhiming,Cao Xihua,et al.Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(6):581-589.
[23]Lin Yichen,Meng Fanping,Du Yongxiang,et al.Distribution,speciation,and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface of Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2016,22(5):1253-1267.
[2]李晓明,周密.武汉东湖沉积物重金属分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(10):161-169.Li Xiaoming,Zhou Mi.Distribution characteristics and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of East Lake,Wuhan[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(10):161-169.
[3]乔永民,林长江,林潮平,等.粤东柘林湾表层沉积物的汞和砷的研究[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(3):28-35.Qiao Yongmin,Lin Changjiang,Lin Chaoping,et al.Study on mercury and arsenic in surface sediment of Zhelin Bay,eastern Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(3):28-35.
[4]Zhuang Wen,Gao Xuelu.Distributions,sources and ecological risk assessment of arsenic and mercury in the surface sediments of the southwestern coastal Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015(99):320-327.
[5]Xu Fangjian,Qiu Longwei,Cao Yingchang,et al.Trace metals in the surface sediments of the intertidal Jiaozhou Bay,China:sources and contamination assessment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016(104):371-378.
[6]Yi Yujun,Sun Jie,Tang Caihong,et al.Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River[J].Environment Science Pollution Research,2016(23):11002-11013.
[7]Taís de S Pereira,ícaro TA Moreira,Olívia MC de Oliveira,et al.Distribution and ecotoxicology of bioavailable metals and As in surface sediments of Paraguacu estuary,Todosos Santos Bay,Brazil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015(99):166-177.
[8]Zhao Guangming,Lu Qingyuan,Ye Siyuan,et al.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of the east Guangdong coastal region,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016(108):268-274.
[9]董贺平,邹建军,李广雪,等.胶州湾西北部沉积物中重金属元素分布特征及评价[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(8):4-9.Dong Heping,Zou Jianjun,Li Guangxue,et al.Distribution characteristics and assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in the northwest of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Marine Geology Letters,2007,23(8):4-9.
[10]刘义峰,吴桑云,陈勇,等.胶州湾潮间带沉积物主要污染来源及分布特征[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(3):163-169.Liu Yifeng,Wu Sangyun,Chen Yong,et al.Sources and distributions of main pollutants in the intertidal sediments of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Advances in Marine Science,2010,28(3):163-169.
[11]何书锋,李广雪,史经昊.胶州湾表层沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其影响因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(4):41-48.He Shufeng,Li Guangxue,Shi Jinghao.Distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay and its influencing factors[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(4):41-48.
[12]刘珊珊,张勇,毕世普,等.青岛近海底质沉积物重金属元素分布特征及环境质量评价[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(6):891-897.Liu Shanshan,Zhang Yong,Bi Shipu,et al.Distribution and environment assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Qingdao offshore[J].Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(6):891-897.
[13]GB 17378-2007,海洋监测规范第5部分:沉积物分析[S].GB 17378-2007,The Specification for Marine MonitoringPart 5:Sediment Analysis[S].
[14]Müller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediment of the Rhine River[J].Geological Journal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[15]China National Environmental Monitoring Center.Chinese Elemental Background Values for Soils[M].Beijing:Chinese Environmental Science Press,1990.
[16]Müller G.Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins-Veranderungen seit[J].Umschau,1971(24):778-783.
[17]Lars Hakanson.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sediment biological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(1):975-1001.
[18]周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):452-456.Zhou Xiaobai,Mei Pengwei,Peng Lulu,et al.Contents and potential ecological risk assessment of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2015,24(3):452-456.
[19]GB 18668-2002,海洋沉积物质量[S].
[20]Long ER,Macdonald DD,Smith SL,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J].Environmental Management,1995,19(1):81-97.
[21]Macdonald DD,Ingersoll CG,Berger TA.Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2000,39(1):20-31.
[22]李玉,俞志明,曹西华,等.重金属在胶州湾表层沉积物中的分布与富集[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(6):581-589.Li Yu,Yu Zhiming,Cao Xihua,et al.Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(6):581-589.
[23]Lin Yichen,Meng Fanping,Du Yongxiang,et al.Distribution,speciation,and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface of Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2016,22(5):1253-1267.