秦岭山地油松天然次生林灌木层主要种群种间联结性与功能群划分
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摘要
运用χ~2检验、联结系数和共同出现程度,测定秦岭山地油松天然次生林灌木层20个主要植物种群的种间联结性.结果表明:在190个种对中,具有较明显正联结的种对数占总种对数的7.4%,胡枝子与胡颓子、漆树与油松、卫矛与毛樱桃等表现为极显著正联结,绝大多数种对表现为弱联结,正负联结比值均小于1.表明灌木层主要植物种群种对间联结较松散,物种之间存在一定的独立性,处于动态演替的中期阶段,群落稳定性较差.通过种间联结和聚类分析,结合生物学和生态学特征,将灌木层20个主要植物种群划分为4个功能群.同一功能群内物种的生态要求和资源利用方式相近,联结紧密,而不同功能群间联结较为松散.
We analyzed the interspecific association among 20 dominant populations in shrub layer in secondary natural forest of Pinus tabuliformis in Qinling Mountain,China,with χ~2-test,the association coefficients and the percentage of common occurrence. The results showed that the species pairs with significant positive associations accounted for only 7. 4% of the total 190 species pairs.The species pairs such as Lespedeza bicolor and Elaeagnus pungens,Toxicodendron vernicifluum and Pinus tabuliformis,Euonymus alatus and Cerasus tomentosa had extremely significant positive correlations,whereas most of the species pairs showed weak interspecific association. The ratio of positive and negative correlations was less than 1. The results suggested that the interspecific association was relatively weak. Species were with certain independence among dominant populations. Community structure was at an unstable mid-stage with dynamic succession. According to the interspecific association and cluster analysis,combined with biological and ecological characters,the 20 dominant populations in shrub layer were classified into four functional groups. The ecological requirement and resource use pattern of species within the same functional groups were similar,exhibiting a close connection between the shrub species. The connection between different functional groups was relatively loose.
We analyzed the interspecific association among 20 dominant populations in shrub layer in secondary natural forest of Pinus tabuliformis in Qinling Mountain,China,with χ~2-test,the association coefficients and the percentage of common occurrence. The results showed that the species pairs with significant positive associations accounted for only 7. 4% of the total 190 species pairs.The species pairs such as Lespedeza bicolor and Elaeagnus pungens,Toxicodendron vernicifluum and Pinus tabuliformis,Euonymus alatus and Cerasus tomentosa had extremely significant positive correlations,whereas most of the species pairs showed weak interspecific association. The ratio of positive and negative correlations was less than 1. The results suggested that the interspecific association was relatively weak. Species were with certain independence among dominant populations. Community structure was at an unstable mid-stage with dynamic succession. According to the interspecific association and cluster analysis,combined with biological and ecological characters,the 20 dominant populations in shrub layer were classified into four functional groups. The ecological requirement and resource use pattern of species within the same functional groups were similar,exhibiting a close connection between the shrub species. The connection between different functional groups was relatively loose.
引文
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[19]Guo L-J(郭连金),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Liu G-B(刘国彬).Species diversity and interspecific association in development sequence of Hippophae rhamnodies plantations in loess hilly region.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(1):9-15(in Chinese)
[20]Hu C-Y(胡成业),Shui Y-Y(水玉跃),Du X(杜肖),et al.Niche and interspecific association of nekton in the south coastal waters of Cangnan,Zhejiang,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(10):3195-3201(in Chinese)
[21]Hu N(胡楠),Fan Y-L(范玉龙),Ding S-Y(丁圣彦),et al.Functional group classification of shrub species in the Funiu Mountain forest ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2009,29(8):4017-4025(in Chinese)
[22]Hu N(胡楠),Fan Y-L(范玉龙),Ding S-Y(丁圣彦),et al.Classification of plant functional types based on the dominant tree species in the foerst ecosystem at Funiu Mountain National Natural Reserve,East China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2008,32(5):1104-1115(in Chinese)
[23]Song J,Jin F,Zhang S,et al.Ecological species groups and interspecific association of dominant tree species in Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve.Journal of Mountain Science,2015,12:637-646
[24]Friendly M,University Y.Corrgrams:Exploratory displays for correlation matrices.American Statistician,2002,56:316-324
[25]Yao X-Q(姚雪芹),Bi R-C(毕润成),Zhang Q-D(张钦第),et al.Functional group classification of woody Quercus wutaishanica communities in Taiyue Mountain,Shanxi Province of China.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2015,35(6):1246-1253(in Chinese)
[26]Tao J(陶晶),Zang R-G(臧润国),Yu C-Y(余昌元),et al.Characteristic of plant functional groups based on ecophysiological traits in a tropical mountane rain forest of Hainan Island,South China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2011,47(8):14-18(in Chinese)
[27]Li Y-D(李意德),Xu H(许涵),Chen D-X(陈德祥),et al.Discussing on the ecological species groups and function groups division based on the interspecific association:A case study on the arbor layer data in tropical lowland rain forest of Jianfenling Hainan island,China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2007,43(4):9-16(in Chinese)
[28]Kang B(康冰),Liu S-R(刘世荣),Cai D-X(蔡道雄),et al.Species composition and correlation of understorey woody plants in Chinese fir plantation in the lower subtropical area.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(9):2173-2179(in Chinese)
[29]Wang B-S(王伯荪),Peng S-L(彭少麟).Studies on the measuring techniques of interspecific association of lower-subtropical evergreen-broadleaved forests.I.The exploration and the revision on the measuring formulas of interspecific association.Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica(植物生态学与地植物学学报),1985,9(4):274-285(in Chinese)
[30]Borcard D,Gillet F,Legendre P,et al.Numerical Ecology with R.New York:Springer,2011
[31]Lv J-T(吕敬堂),Lv D-M(吕大明),Zhang H(张浩).A cluster district method for agricultural function based on SPSS.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning(中国农业资源与区划),2010,31(1):68-74(in Chinese)
[32]Sun Z-W(孙中伟),Zhao S-D(赵士洞).Interspecific association and correlation of lime-broad leaved Korean pine forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),1996,7(1):1-5(in Chinese)
[33]Saaty TL.The Analytic Hierarchy Process.New York:Mc Graw-Hill Inc,1980
[34]Ma Y-P(马友平),Chang S(常胜),Zhang Z-H(张志华),et al.Screening habitat factors and determining their weights of Larix kaempferi plantation.Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities(Natural Science)(湖北民族学院学报:自然科学版),2009,27(1):88-91(in Chinese)
[35]Jiang GS,Liu J,et al.Intra-and interspecific interactions and environmental factor determine spatial-temporal species assemblages of rodents in arid grasslands.Landscape Ecology,2015,30:1643-1655
[36]Zheng Z-Y(郑振宇),Long C-L(龙翠玲).Classification of plant functional types based on dominant shrub species in Maolan Karst forests.China Forestry Science&Technology(林业科技开发),2014,5(8):36-40(in Chinese)
[2]Yang QW,Liu SJ.Ecological species groups and interspecific association of vegetation in natural recovery process at Xiejiadian landslide after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13:1609-1620
[3]Wang Z-W(王正文),Zhu T-C(祝廷成).Responses of interspecific relationships among main herbaceous plants to flooding disturbance in Songnen Plain,Northeastern China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2003,14(6):892-896(in Chinese)
[4]Huo H(霍红),Feng Q(冯起),Su Y-H(苏永红),et al.Interspecies relationship and niche analysis on phytocoenosium in the Ejina Oasis.Journal of Desert Research(中国沙漠),2013,33(4):1027-1033(in Chinese)
[5]Kang B(康冰),Liu S-R(刘世荣),Wen Y-G(温远光),et al.Population dynamics during succession of secondary natural forest in Daqingshan,Guangxi,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2006,30(6):931-940(in Chinese)
[6]Wang N-J(王乃江),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Lu Y-C(陆元昌),et al.Interspecific association among the plants communities in the forest at Ziwuling Area in Shaanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2010,30(1):67-78(in Chinese)
[7]Smith TM,Woodward FI,Shugart HH.Plant Function Types.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997
[8]Diaz S,Cabido M.Vive la difference:Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2001,16:646-655
[9]Ackerly DD.Community assembly,niche conservatism,and adaptive evolution in changing environments.International Journal of Plant Sciences,2003,164:165-184
[10]Guo Y-L(郭屹立),Lu X-L(卢训令),Ding S-Y(丁圣彦),et al.The classification of plant functional types based on the dominant herbaceous species in the riparian zone ecosystems in the Yiluo River.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2012,32(14):4434-4442(in Chinese)
[11]Fan Y-L(范玉龙),Liu H-M(刘慧敏),Hu N(胡楠),et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of plant functional groups in forest ecosystem at the national natural reserve of Fu Niu Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(15):4609-4616(in Chinese)
[12]Kang B(康冰),Wang D-X(王得祥),Cui H-A(崔宏安),et al.Regeneration characteristics and related affecting factors of Pinus tabuliformis secondary forest in Qinling Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(7):1659-1667(in Chinese)
[13]Yin W-K(尹文珂),Hu L-L(胡理乐),Lu X(卢希),et al.Species diversity of Pinus tabuliformis natural secondary forest in Qinling Mountains.Journal of Northwest A&F University(西北农林科技大学学报),2016,44(5):55-63(in Chinese)
[14]Xiao Y(肖瑜).Quantitative evaluation on the influence of environmental factors on timber production of Pinus tabuliformis.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),1990,1(3):193-200(in Chinese)
[15]Peshkova NV,Andreyashkina NI.The indicating role of herb-dwarf shrub layer in mountain phytocenoses of the polar urals(illustrated by the outskirts of Mt.Chernaya).Contemporary Problems of Ecology,2009,16:665-672
[16]Li J-M(李建民),Xie F(谢芳),Chen C-J(陈存及),et al.Interspecific association of dominant species in Betula luminiferanatural forest communities of Shaowu,Fujian Province.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2001,12(2):168-170(in Chinese)
[17]Zhang M-X(张明霞),Wang D-X(王得祥),Kang B(康冰),et al.Interspecific association of dominant plant populations in secondary forest of Pinus armandii in Qinling Mountains.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2015,51(1):12-21(in Chinese)
[18]Deng X-L(邓贤兰),Liu Y-C(刘玉成),Wu Y(吴杨).Interconnection among dominant plant populations of Castanopsis community in Jinggang Mountain Nature Reserve.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica(植物生态学报),2003,27(4):531-536(in Chinese)
[19]Guo L-J(郭连金),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Liu G-B(刘国彬).Species diversity and interspecific association in development sequence of Hippophae rhamnodies plantations in loess hilly region.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(1):9-15(in Chinese)
[20]Hu C-Y(胡成业),Shui Y-Y(水玉跃),Du X(杜肖),et al.Niche and interspecific association of nekton in the south coastal waters of Cangnan,Zhejiang,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(10):3195-3201(in Chinese)
[21]Hu N(胡楠),Fan Y-L(范玉龙),Ding S-Y(丁圣彦),et al.Functional group classification of shrub species in the Funiu Mountain forest ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2009,29(8):4017-4025(in Chinese)
[22]Hu N(胡楠),Fan Y-L(范玉龙),Ding S-Y(丁圣彦),et al.Classification of plant functional types based on the dominant tree species in the foerst ecosystem at Funiu Mountain National Natural Reserve,East China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2008,32(5):1104-1115(in Chinese)
[23]Song J,Jin F,Zhang S,et al.Ecological species groups and interspecific association of dominant tree species in Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve.Journal of Mountain Science,2015,12:637-646
[24]Friendly M,University Y.Corrgrams:Exploratory displays for correlation matrices.American Statistician,2002,56:316-324
[25]Yao X-Q(姚雪芹),Bi R-C(毕润成),Zhang Q-D(张钦第),et al.Functional group classification of woody Quercus wutaishanica communities in Taiyue Mountain,Shanxi Province of China.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2015,35(6):1246-1253(in Chinese)
[26]Tao J(陶晶),Zang R-G(臧润国),Yu C-Y(余昌元),et al.Characteristic of plant functional groups based on ecophysiological traits in a tropical mountane rain forest of Hainan Island,South China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2011,47(8):14-18(in Chinese)
[27]Li Y-D(李意德),Xu H(许涵),Chen D-X(陈德祥),et al.Discussing on the ecological species groups and function groups division based on the interspecific association:A case study on the arbor layer data in tropical lowland rain forest of Jianfenling Hainan island,China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2007,43(4):9-16(in Chinese)
[28]Kang B(康冰),Liu S-R(刘世荣),Cai D-X(蔡道雄),et al.Species composition and correlation of understorey woody plants in Chinese fir plantation in the lower subtropical area.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(9):2173-2179(in Chinese)
[29]Wang B-S(王伯荪),Peng S-L(彭少麟).Studies on the measuring techniques of interspecific association of lower-subtropical evergreen-broadleaved forests.I.The exploration and the revision on the measuring formulas of interspecific association.Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica(植物生态学与地植物学学报),1985,9(4):274-285(in Chinese)
[30]Borcard D,Gillet F,Legendre P,et al.Numerical Ecology with R.New York:Springer,2011
[31]Lv J-T(吕敬堂),Lv D-M(吕大明),Zhang H(张浩).A cluster district method for agricultural function based on SPSS.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning(中国农业资源与区划),2010,31(1):68-74(in Chinese)
[32]Sun Z-W(孙中伟),Zhao S-D(赵士洞).Interspecific association and correlation of lime-broad leaved Korean pine forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),1996,7(1):1-5(in Chinese)
[33]Saaty TL.The Analytic Hierarchy Process.New York:Mc Graw-Hill Inc,1980
[34]Ma Y-P(马友平),Chang S(常胜),Zhang Z-H(张志华),et al.Screening habitat factors and determining their weights of Larix kaempferi plantation.Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities(Natural Science)(湖北民族学院学报:自然科学版),2009,27(1):88-91(in Chinese)
[35]Jiang GS,Liu J,et al.Intra-and interspecific interactions and environmental factor determine spatial-temporal species assemblages of rodents in arid grasslands.Landscape Ecology,2015,30:1643-1655
[36]Zheng Z-Y(郑振宇),Long C-L(龙翠玲).Classification of plant functional types based on dominant shrub species in Maolan Karst forests.China Forestry Science&Technology(林业科技开发),2014,5(8):36-40(in Chinese)
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