中心式火山通道边界精细识别技术研究——以渤海A油田为例
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摘要
渤海A油田火山岩广泛发育,火山通道相的精细识别直接影响着储量计算和后续开发井的实施.针对油田地震资料品质较差,难以对火山通道进行准确刻画的特点,摸索出了叠后去噪、高精度相干、边缘检测等技术方法,对油田发育的中心式火山通道边界开展了精细研究.考虑到常规去噪方法对于火山通道边界信息损失较大的缺点,引入了扩散滤波去噪技术,该方法在有效压制随机噪声的同时,对火山通道边界的信息予以保留,一定程度上实现了保边去噪;根据小波变换的多尺度特征,选择合适的频率区段进行重构,并加入倾角信息约束,最终得到的高精度相干体对火山通道边界的刻画更精确;基于计算机图形学的边缘识别技术,一定程度上能够抑制噪声,降低边缘模糊程度,从而辅助识别火山通道边界;通过设置相干阈值,最终实现目标油田火山通道的空间立体刻画.
There are some central volcanic conduits in Bohai A oilfield. It is difficult to describe the volcanic conduit because of low quality of seismic data. In igneous rock area, the volcanic conduits occupy reservoir space and influence the reserves calculation and well location decision. So, accurate description of volcanic conduits becomes an important part of the oil field reserves evaluation and oilfield development. In this paper, the new method is put forward to make accurate description of volcanic conduits, which is integrated with diffusion filter, improved seismic coherence attribute and edge detection techniques. Considering the damage of volcanic conduit boundary information with conventional de-noising methods, diffusion filtering is introduced, which could effectively suppress random noise and maintain the side boundary information of volcanic conduit. Based on multiscale characteristic of wavelet transform, the appropriate frequency segment of data is selected to reconstruct seismic data. The improved coherence data is computed with the dip and azimuth angle information on the basics of reconstructed data. Thus the accuracy of improved attribute is better than conventional coherence attribute. In order to enhance boundary accuracy of volcanic conduits, we introduce edge detection technique based on computer graphics. Take Sobel operator as example, the operator has certain ability to suppress noise information, which can reduce the fuzzy degree of side boundary. By setting the attribute threshold, we complete accurate description of volcanic conduits used 3 D geologic abnormality curving based on improved attribute in practical application. The body of volcanic conduit curved accurately by this method.
There are some central volcanic conduits in Bohai A oilfield. It is difficult to describe the volcanic conduit because of low quality of seismic data. In igneous rock area, the volcanic conduits occupy reservoir space and influence the reserves calculation and well location decision. So, accurate description of volcanic conduits becomes an important part of the oil field reserves evaluation and oilfield development. In this paper, the new method is put forward to make accurate description of volcanic conduits, which is integrated with diffusion filter, improved seismic coherence attribute and edge detection techniques. Considering the damage of volcanic conduit boundary information with conventional de-noising methods, diffusion filtering is introduced, which could effectively suppress random noise and maintain the side boundary information of volcanic conduit. Based on multiscale characteristic of wavelet transform, the appropriate frequency segment of data is selected to reconstruct seismic data. The improved coherence data is computed with the dip and azimuth angle information on the basics of reconstructed data. Thus the accuracy of improved attribute is better than conventional coherence attribute. In order to enhance boundary accuracy of volcanic conduits, we introduce edge detection technique based on computer graphics. Take Sobel operator as example, the operator has certain ability to suppress noise information, which can reduce the fuzzy degree of side boundary. By setting the attribute threshold, we complete accurate description of volcanic conduits used 3 D geologic abnormality curving based on improved attribute in practical application. The body of volcanic conduit curved accurately by this method.
引文
Al-Dossary S,Simon Y,Marfurt K. 2004. Inter azimuth coherence attribute for fracture detection [M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. Society of Exploration Geophysicists,183-186.
Asjad A,Mohamed D. 2015. A new approach for salt dome detection using a 3D multidirectional edge detector [J]. Applied Geophysics,12(3): 334-342.
Bahorich M S,Lopez J,Haskell N L,et al. 1995. Stratigraphic and structural interpretation with 3-D coherence [M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. Society of Exploration Geophysicists,97-100.
Bondár I. 1992. Seismic horizon detection using image processing algorithms1 [J]. Geophysical Prospecting,40(7): 785-800.
Chen K Y,Wu P X,Yang W. 2014. Application of diffusion filtering method to the seismic data processing [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs (in Chinese),26(1): 117-122.陈可洋,吴沛熹,杨微. 2014. 扩散滤波方法在地震资料处理中的应用研究[J]. 岩性油气藏,26(1): 117-122.
Dong Z H,Zhou J X,Sui B,et al.2013. Minor fault interpretation based on diffusion filter [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),48(5): 758-762.董志华,周家雄,隋波,等. 2013. 基于扩散滤波方法的小断层识别技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,48(5): 758-762.
Du Q X,Shen X L,Li D Q,et al. 2015. Seismic updating interpretation with development well information in volcanic reservoir in Kelameili Gasfield in Junggar Basin[J]. OGP (in Chinese),50(2): 316-326.杜庆祥,沈晓丽,李道清,等. 2015. 随钻跟踪分析精细地震解释技术在克拉美丽火山岩气田开发中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,50(2): 316-326.
Fehmers G C,H?cker C F W. 2003. Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering [J]. Geophysics,68(4): 1286-1293.
Gao M J,Tian J W,Gao X Y,et al. 2000. Detection of seismic reflection event by edge-detection [J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute (in Chinese),24(3): 8-11.高美娟,田景文,高兴友,等. 2000. 利用边缘检测法检测地震反射同相轴[J]. 东北石油大学学报,24(3): 8-11.
Gu Z M,Niu C M,Yang B,et al. 2017. New attempt to quantitative characterization of effusive facies volcanic rock: a case of B structure in Bohai Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),32(3): 1346-1351,doi: 10.6038/pg20170353.谷志猛,牛成民,杨波,等. 2017. 溢流相火山岩定量刻画新尝试—以渤海海域B构造为例[J]. 地球物理学进展,32(3): 1346-1351,doi: 10.6038/pg20170353.
Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al. 2007. Seismic fault preserving diffusion [J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,61(2): 132-141.
Li B,Chen X H,He Z H,et al. 2015. Seismic data 3D edge detection based on multi-scale windowed Hilbert transform [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),54(3): 345-349.李斌,陈学华,贺振华,等. 2015. 基于多尺度加窗希尔伯特变换的地震资料体边缘检测[J]. 石油物探,54(3): 345-349.
Li H X,Liu C,Tao C H. 2007. The study of application of edge measuring technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic setion [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),22(5): 1607-1610,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.041.李红星,刘财,陶春辉. 2007. 图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J]. 地球物理学进展,22(5): 1607-1610,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.041.
Lu Y T,Wang B,Lv F L,et al. 2014. Seismic Attributes and Evolutional Models of Volcanic Rocks in Northwest Part of South China Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(5): 2407-2410,doi: 10.6038/pg20140562.鲁银涛,王彬,吕福亮,等. 2014. 南海西北部火山岩地震属性特征及发育模式. 地球物理学进展,29(5): 2407-2410,doi: 10.6038/pg20140562.
Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L,et al. 1998. 3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm [J]. Geophysics,63(4): 1150-1165.
Marfurt K J,Sudhaker V,Gersztenkorn A,et al. 1999. Coherency calculations in the presence of structural dip [J]. Geophysics,64(1): 104-111.
Perona P,Malik J. 1990. Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion [J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,12(7): 629- 639.
Randen T,Monsen E,Signer C,et al. 2000. Three-dimensional texture attributes for seismic data analysis [M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. Society of Exploration Geophysicists,668- 671.
Sun X P,Du S T. 2003. Using edge detection technique to image channels and minor faults [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),42(4):469- 472+476.孙夕平,杜世通. 2003. 边缘检测技术在河道和储层小断裂成像中的应用[J]. 石油物探,42(4): 469- 472+476.
Sun X P,Zhou C. 2011. Small-scale edge characteristic seismic detection technique [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),46(1): 121-125.孙夕平,周超. 2011. 小尺度边缘特征地震检测技术研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,46(1): 121-125.
Tu G H. 2014. Application of the edge detecting of the potential field in igneous rocks distribution of one basin in North Yellow Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(6): 2927-2934. doi: 10.6038/pg20140665.涂广红. 2014. 利用场源边缘检测方法研究北黄海某盆地火成岩分布特征[J]. 地球物理学进展,29(6): 2927-2934. doi: 10.6038/pg20140665.
Yang R Q,Xiong X J,You L S,et al. 2016. Research on application of fracture prediction based on image processing technology [J]. Geophysical computing technology (in Chinese),38(5): 672- 676.杨瑞齐,熊晓军,游来胜,等. 2016. 基于图像处理技术的裂缝预测应用研究[J]. 物探化探计算技术,38(5): 672- 676.
Yin C,Du X D,Zhao R M,et al. 2015. Dip-steering similarity based on wavelet decomposition in complex fault interpretation [J]. OGP (in Chinese),50(2): 346-350.尹川,杜向东,赵汝敏,等. 2015. 小波分频倾角相干在复杂断裂解释中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,50(2): 346-350.
Ying M X,Chen D Y,Liu J Y,et al. 2012. Typical volcanic seismic reflection characteristics at a district of deep water area in South China Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(4): 1476-1483,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.022.应明雄,陈殿远,刘建英,等. 2012. 南中国海深水区典型火山发育地震反射特征研究. 地球物理学进展,27(4): 1476-1483,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.022.
Zhang Z M,Zhang M X,Hu Y S. 2015. Application of prestack inversion to volcano rock reservoir prediction in the area Yingshan-Shuangcheng fault depression [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),30(2): 621- 627,doi: 10.6038/pg20150219.张芝铭,张明学,胡玉双. 2015. 叠前反演预测火山岩储层—以莺山-双城断陷为例[J]. 地球物理学进展,30(2): 621- 627,doi: 10.6038/pg20150219.
Zhu H T,Liu Y M,Wang Y L,et al. 2014. Volcanic eruption phases and 3D characterization of volcanic rocks in BZ34-9 block of Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Earth Science –Journal of China University of Geoscience (in Chinese),39(9): 1309-1316.朱红涛,刘依梦,王永利,等. 2014. 渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画及火山喷发期次[J]. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报,39(9): 1309-1316.
Asjad A,Mohamed D. 2015. A new approach for salt dome detection using a 3D multidirectional edge detector [J]. Applied Geophysics,12(3): 334-342.
Bahorich M S,Lopez J,Haskell N L,et al. 1995. Stratigraphic and structural interpretation with 3-D coherence [M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. Society of Exploration Geophysicists,97-100.
Bondár I. 1992. Seismic horizon detection using image processing algorithms1 [J]. Geophysical Prospecting,40(7): 785-800.
Chen K Y,Wu P X,Yang W. 2014. Application of diffusion filtering method to the seismic data processing [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs (in Chinese),26(1): 117-122.陈可洋,吴沛熹,杨微. 2014. 扩散滤波方法在地震资料处理中的应用研究[J]. 岩性油气藏,26(1): 117-122.
Dong Z H,Zhou J X,Sui B,et al.2013. Minor fault interpretation based on diffusion filter [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),48(5): 758-762.董志华,周家雄,隋波,等. 2013. 基于扩散滤波方法的小断层识别技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,48(5): 758-762.
Du Q X,Shen X L,Li D Q,et al. 2015. Seismic updating interpretation with development well information in volcanic reservoir in Kelameili Gasfield in Junggar Basin[J]. OGP (in Chinese),50(2): 316-326.杜庆祥,沈晓丽,李道清,等. 2015. 随钻跟踪分析精细地震解释技术在克拉美丽火山岩气田开发中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,50(2): 316-326.
Fehmers G C,H?cker C F W. 2003. Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering [J]. Geophysics,68(4): 1286-1293.
Gao M J,Tian J W,Gao X Y,et al. 2000. Detection of seismic reflection event by edge-detection [J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute (in Chinese),24(3): 8-11.高美娟,田景文,高兴友,等. 2000. 利用边缘检测法检测地震反射同相轴[J]. 东北石油大学学报,24(3): 8-11.
Gu Z M,Niu C M,Yang B,et al. 2017. New attempt to quantitative characterization of effusive facies volcanic rock: a case of B structure in Bohai Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),32(3): 1346-1351,doi: 10.6038/pg20170353.谷志猛,牛成民,杨波,等. 2017. 溢流相火山岩定量刻画新尝试—以渤海海域B构造为例[J]. 地球物理学进展,32(3): 1346-1351,doi: 10.6038/pg20170353.
Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al. 2007. Seismic fault preserving diffusion [J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,61(2): 132-141.
Li B,Chen X H,He Z H,et al. 2015. Seismic data 3D edge detection based on multi-scale windowed Hilbert transform [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),54(3): 345-349.李斌,陈学华,贺振华,等. 2015. 基于多尺度加窗希尔伯特变换的地震资料体边缘检测[J]. 石油物探,54(3): 345-349.
Li H X,Liu C,Tao C H. 2007. The study of application of edge measuring technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic setion [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),22(5): 1607-1610,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.041.李红星,刘财,陶春辉. 2007. 图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J]. 地球物理学进展,22(5): 1607-1610,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.041.
Lu Y T,Wang B,Lv F L,et al. 2014. Seismic Attributes and Evolutional Models of Volcanic Rocks in Northwest Part of South China Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(5): 2407-2410,doi: 10.6038/pg20140562.鲁银涛,王彬,吕福亮,等. 2014. 南海西北部火山岩地震属性特征及发育模式. 地球物理学进展,29(5): 2407-2410,doi: 10.6038/pg20140562.
Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L,et al. 1998. 3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm [J]. Geophysics,63(4): 1150-1165.
Marfurt K J,Sudhaker V,Gersztenkorn A,et al. 1999. Coherency calculations in the presence of structural dip [J]. Geophysics,64(1): 104-111.
Perona P,Malik J. 1990. Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion [J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,12(7): 629- 639.
Randen T,Monsen E,Signer C,et al. 2000. Three-dimensional texture attributes for seismic data analysis [M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. Society of Exploration Geophysicists,668- 671.
Sun X P,Du S T. 2003. Using edge detection technique to image channels and minor faults [J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),42(4):469- 472+476.孙夕平,杜世通. 2003. 边缘检测技术在河道和储层小断裂成像中的应用[J]. 石油物探,42(4): 469- 472+476.
Sun X P,Zhou C. 2011. Small-scale edge characteristic seismic detection technique [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),46(1): 121-125.孙夕平,周超. 2011. 小尺度边缘特征地震检测技术研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,46(1): 121-125.
Tu G H. 2014. Application of the edge detecting of the potential field in igneous rocks distribution of one basin in North Yellow Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(6): 2927-2934. doi: 10.6038/pg20140665.涂广红. 2014. 利用场源边缘检测方法研究北黄海某盆地火成岩分布特征[J]. 地球物理学进展,29(6): 2927-2934. doi: 10.6038/pg20140665.
Yang R Q,Xiong X J,You L S,et al. 2016. Research on application of fracture prediction based on image processing technology [J]. Geophysical computing technology (in Chinese),38(5): 672- 676.杨瑞齐,熊晓军,游来胜,等. 2016. 基于图像处理技术的裂缝预测应用研究[J]. 物探化探计算技术,38(5): 672- 676.
Yin C,Du X D,Zhao R M,et al. 2015. Dip-steering similarity based on wavelet decomposition in complex fault interpretation [J]. OGP (in Chinese),50(2): 346-350.尹川,杜向东,赵汝敏,等. 2015. 小波分频倾角相干在复杂断裂解释中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,50(2): 346-350.
Ying M X,Chen D Y,Liu J Y,et al. 2012. Typical volcanic seismic reflection characteristics at a district of deep water area in South China Sea [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(4): 1476-1483,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.022.应明雄,陈殿远,刘建英,等. 2012. 南中国海深水区典型火山发育地震反射特征研究. 地球物理学进展,27(4): 1476-1483,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.022.
Zhang Z M,Zhang M X,Hu Y S. 2015. Application of prestack inversion to volcano rock reservoir prediction in the area Yingshan-Shuangcheng fault depression [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),30(2): 621- 627,doi: 10.6038/pg20150219.张芝铭,张明学,胡玉双. 2015. 叠前反演预测火山岩储层—以莺山-双城断陷为例[J]. 地球物理学进展,30(2): 621- 627,doi: 10.6038/pg20150219.
Zhu H T,Liu Y M,Wang Y L,et al. 2014. Volcanic eruption phases and 3D characterization of volcanic rocks in BZ34-9 block of Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Earth Science –Journal of China University of Geoscience (in Chinese),39(9): 1309-1316.朱红涛,刘依梦,王永利,等. 2014. 渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画及火山喷发期次[J]. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报,39(9): 1309-1316.