共振拉曼光谱在聚合物研究中的应用
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摘要
共振拉曼光谱是一种可提供包括结构、电子能和有机多分子层功能性信息的振动光谱技术,在聚合物研究中有重要应用前景。该论文主要综述了共振拉曼光谱在聚合物体系,尤其是共轭聚合物体系中的应用研究,包括聚合物薄膜形态、D/A体系电荷转移复合物、激发态动力学、氧化还原反应、界面问题及降解老化等。
Resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy(RRS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that can provide information concerning the chemical structures,electronic energies,and functionality of organic multilayers.This review introduced the applications of RRS in polymers studies,especially in conducting polymers,including the morphology changes of polymer films,the donor/acceptor charge transfer complexes,excited-state spectral dynamics,redox reaction,interface problems and degradation.
Resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy(RRS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that can provide information concerning the chemical structures,electronic energies,and functionality of organic multilayers.This review introduced the applications of RRS in polymers studies,especially in conducting polymers,including the morphology changes of polymer films,the donor/acceptor charge transfer complexes,excited-state spectral dynamics,redox reaction,interface problems and degradation.
引文
[1] SakamotoA,Furukawa Y,Tasumi M. Infrared and Raman studies of poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) and its model compounds[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry,1992,96(3):1490-1494.
[2] Guha S,Graupner W,Resel R,et al. Tuningintermolecular interactions:A study of the structural and vibrational properties of p-Hexaphenyl under pressure[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2001,105(25):6203-6211.
[3] Milani A,BrambillaL,Del Zoppo M,et al. Raman dispersion and intermolecular interactions in unsubstituted thiopheneoligomers[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2007,111(6):1271-1276.
[4] Garreau S,Leclerc M,Errien N,et al. Planar-to-nonplanar conformational transition in thermochromicpolythiophenes:A spectroscopic study[J]. Macromalecules,2003,36(3):692-697.
[5] Bruevich V V,Makhmutov T S,Elizarov S G,et al. Raman spectroscopy of intermolecular charge transfer complex between a conjugated polymer and an organic acceptor molecule[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics,2007,127(10):104905.
[6] Wise A J,Precit M R,Papp A M,et al. Effect of fullerene intercalation on the conformation and packing of poly-(2-methoxy-5-(3′-7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene)[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2011,3(8):3011-3019.
[7] Kawata S,Ichimura T,Taguchi A,et al. Nano-Raman scattering microscopy:Resolution and enhancement[J]. Chemical Reviews,2017,117(7):4983-5001.
[8] Bassler H.Optical techniques to characterize polymer systems[M]. Elsevier:Amsterdam,1989.
[9] Heimel G,Somitsch D,Knoll P,et al. Effective conjugation and Raman intensities in oligo(para-phenylene)s:A microscopic view from first-principles calculations[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics,2005,122(11):114511.
[10] Furukawa Y. Electronic absorption and vibrational spectroscopies of conjugated conducting polymers[J]. Journalof Physical Chemistry,1996,100(39):15644-15653.
[11] Sims M,Tuladhar S M,Nelson J,et al. Correlation between microstructure and charge transport in poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) thin film[J]. Physical Review B,2007,76(19):195206.
[12] Tuladhar S M,Sims M,Kirkpatrick J,et al. Influence of alkyl chain length on charge transport in symmetrically substituted poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) polymer[J]. Physical Review B,2009,79(3):035201.
[13] Gao Y,Grey J K. Resonance chemical imaging of polythiophene/fullerene photovoltaic thin films:Mapping morphology-dependent aggregated and unaggregated C=C species[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009,131(28):9654-9662.
[14] Winkler E,Fainstein A,Etchegoin P,et al. Resonant Raman scattering and optical transmission studies of Cu(II) and Fe(III) impurities in crystalline L-alanin[J]. Physical Review B,2000,61(23):15756.
[15] Saini G S S,Sharma A,Singh S,et al. Resonance Raman and electronic absorption study of free-basetetraphenylporphinediacid dispersed in polymethylcyanoacrylate[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,2007,38(12):1561-1569.
[16] Yun J-J,Peet J,Cho N S,et al. Insight into the Raman shifts and optical absorption changes upon annealing polymer/fullerene solar cells[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(25):251912.
[17] Bao Q,Gan Y,Li J,et al. Ex and in situ confocal Raman studies of organic thin film and its on-working transistors[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(49):19718-19726.
[18] Gao J,Grey J K. Resonance Raman overtones reveal vibrational displacements and dynamics of crystalline and amorphous poly(3-hexylthiophene) chains in fullerene blends[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics,2013,139(4):044903.
[19] Gao Y,Martin T P,Niles E T,et al. Understanding morphology-dependent polymer aggregation properties and photocurrent generation in polythiophene/fullerene solar cells of variable compositions[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(35):15121-15128.
[20] Gao J,Kamps A,Park S-J,et al. Encapsulation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) J-aggregate nanofibers with an amphiphilic block copolymer[J]. Langmuir,2012,28(47):16401-16407.
[21] Wise A J,Grey J K. Resonance Raman studies of excited state structural displacements of conjugated polymers in donor/acceptor charge transfer complexes[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2012,14(32):11273-11276.
[22] Kourkouli S N,Siokou A,Stefopoulos A A,et al. Electronic properties of semiconducting polymer-functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes[J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(7):2590-2598.
[23] Inoue F,Ando R A,Izumi C M S,et al. Spectroscopic characterization of carbon nanotube-polypyrrolecomposites[J]. Journal Physical Chemistry C,2014,118(31):18240-18248.
[24] Yu W,Zhou J,Bragg A E. Exciton conformational dynamics of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in solution from time-resolved resonant-Raman spectroscopy[J]. Journal of PhysicalChemistry Letters,2012,3(10):1321-1328.
[25] Nascimento G M,Temperini M L A. Studies on the resonance Raman spectra of polyaniline obtained with near-IR excitation[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,2008,39(7):772-778.
[26] Nobrega M M,Silva C H B,Constantino V R L,et al. Spectroscopic study on the structural differences of thermally induced cross-linking segments in emeraldinesalt and base forms of polyaniline[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2012,116(48):14191-14200.
[27] Silva C H B,Ferreira D C,Constantino V R L,et al. Characterization of the products of aniline peroxydisulfate oligo/polymerization in media with different pH by resonance Raman spectroscopy at 413.1 and 1064nm excitation wavelengths[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,2011,42(8):1653-1659.
[28] Kocharova N,Lukkari J,Viinikanoja A,et al. Doping-induced structural changes of conducting polyalkoxythiophene on the chemically modified gold surface:An in situ surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic study[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(42):10973-10981.
[29] Trchová M,Morávková Z,Dybal J,et al. Detection of aniline oligomers on polyaniline-gold interface using resonance Raman scattering[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2014,6(2):942-950.
[30] Wieners G,Monkenbusch M,Wegner G. A resonance Raman investigation on the degradation of polyacetylene during electrochemical cycling[J]. Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft fur Physikalische Chemie,1984,88(10):935-939.
[31] Voyiatzis G A,Andrikopoulos K S,Papatheodorou G N. Polarized resonance Raman and FTIR reflectance spectroscopic investigation of the molecular orientation in industrial poly(vinyl chloride) specimens[J]. Macromolecules,2000,33(15):5613-5623.
[2] Guha S,Graupner W,Resel R,et al. Tuningintermolecular interactions:A study of the structural and vibrational properties of p-Hexaphenyl under pressure[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2001,105(25):6203-6211.
[3] Milani A,BrambillaL,Del Zoppo M,et al. Raman dispersion and intermolecular interactions in unsubstituted thiopheneoligomers[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2007,111(6):1271-1276.
[4] Garreau S,Leclerc M,Errien N,et al. Planar-to-nonplanar conformational transition in thermochromicpolythiophenes:A spectroscopic study[J]. Macromalecules,2003,36(3):692-697.
[5] Bruevich V V,Makhmutov T S,Elizarov S G,et al. Raman spectroscopy of intermolecular charge transfer complex between a conjugated polymer and an organic acceptor molecule[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics,2007,127(10):104905.
[6] Wise A J,Precit M R,Papp A M,et al. Effect of fullerene intercalation on the conformation and packing of poly-(2-methoxy-5-(3′-7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene)[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2011,3(8):3011-3019.
[7] Kawata S,Ichimura T,Taguchi A,et al. Nano-Raman scattering microscopy:Resolution and enhancement[J]. Chemical Reviews,2017,117(7):4983-5001.
[8] Bassler H.Optical techniques to characterize polymer systems[M]. Elsevier:Amsterdam,1989.
[9] Heimel G,Somitsch D,Knoll P,et al. Effective conjugation and Raman intensities in oligo(para-phenylene)s:A microscopic view from first-principles calculations[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics,2005,122(11):114511.
[10] Furukawa Y. Electronic absorption and vibrational spectroscopies of conjugated conducting polymers[J]. Journalof Physical Chemistry,1996,100(39):15644-15653.
[11] Sims M,Tuladhar S M,Nelson J,et al. Correlation between microstructure and charge transport in poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) thin film[J]. Physical Review B,2007,76(19):195206.
[12] Tuladhar S M,Sims M,Kirkpatrick J,et al. Influence of alkyl chain length on charge transport in symmetrically substituted poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) polymer[J]. Physical Review B,2009,79(3):035201.
[13] Gao Y,Grey J K. Resonance chemical imaging of polythiophene/fullerene photovoltaic thin films:Mapping morphology-dependent aggregated and unaggregated C=C species[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009,131(28):9654-9662.
[14] Winkler E,Fainstein A,Etchegoin P,et al. Resonant Raman scattering and optical transmission studies of Cu(II) and Fe(III) impurities in crystalline L-alanin[J]. Physical Review B,2000,61(23):15756.
[15] Saini G S S,Sharma A,Singh S,et al. Resonance Raman and electronic absorption study of free-basetetraphenylporphinediacid dispersed in polymethylcyanoacrylate[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,2007,38(12):1561-1569.
[16] Yun J-J,Peet J,Cho N S,et al. Insight into the Raman shifts and optical absorption changes upon annealing polymer/fullerene solar cells[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(25):251912.
[17] Bao Q,Gan Y,Li J,et al. Ex and in situ confocal Raman studies of organic thin film and its on-working transistors[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(49):19718-19726.
[18] Gao J,Grey J K. Resonance Raman overtones reveal vibrational displacements and dynamics of crystalline and amorphous poly(3-hexylthiophene) chains in fullerene blends[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics,2013,139(4):044903.
[19] Gao Y,Martin T P,Niles E T,et al. Understanding morphology-dependent polymer aggregation properties and photocurrent generation in polythiophene/fullerene solar cells of variable compositions[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(35):15121-15128.
[20] Gao J,Kamps A,Park S-J,et al. Encapsulation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) J-aggregate nanofibers with an amphiphilic block copolymer[J]. Langmuir,2012,28(47):16401-16407.
[21] Wise A J,Grey J K. Resonance Raman studies of excited state structural displacements of conjugated polymers in donor/acceptor charge transfer complexes[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2012,14(32):11273-11276.
[22] Kourkouli S N,Siokou A,Stefopoulos A A,et al. Electronic properties of semiconducting polymer-functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes[J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(7):2590-2598.
[23] Inoue F,Ando R A,Izumi C M S,et al. Spectroscopic characterization of carbon nanotube-polypyrrolecomposites[J]. Journal Physical Chemistry C,2014,118(31):18240-18248.
[24] Yu W,Zhou J,Bragg A E. Exciton conformational dynamics of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in solution from time-resolved resonant-Raman spectroscopy[J]. Journal of PhysicalChemistry Letters,2012,3(10):1321-1328.
[25] Nascimento G M,Temperini M L A. Studies on the resonance Raman spectra of polyaniline obtained with near-IR excitation[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,2008,39(7):772-778.
[26] Nobrega M M,Silva C H B,Constantino V R L,et al. Spectroscopic study on the structural differences of thermally induced cross-linking segments in emeraldinesalt and base forms of polyaniline[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2012,116(48):14191-14200.
[27] Silva C H B,Ferreira D C,Constantino V R L,et al. Characterization of the products of aniline peroxydisulfate oligo/polymerization in media with different pH by resonance Raman spectroscopy at 413.1 and 1064nm excitation wavelengths[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,2011,42(8):1653-1659.
[28] Kocharova N,Lukkari J,Viinikanoja A,et al. Doping-induced structural changes of conducting polyalkoxythiophene on the chemically modified gold surface:An in situ surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic study[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(42):10973-10981.
[29] Trchová M,Morávková Z,Dybal J,et al. Detection of aniline oligomers on polyaniline-gold interface using resonance Raman scattering[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2014,6(2):942-950.
[30] Wieners G,Monkenbusch M,Wegner G. A resonance Raman investigation on the degradation of polyacetylene during electrochemical cycling[J]. Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft fur Physikalische Chemie,1984,88(10):935-939.
[31] Voyiatzis G A,Andrikopoulos K S,Papatheodorou G N. Polarized resonance Raman and FTIR reflectance spectroscopic investigation of the molecular orientation in industrial poly(vinyl chloride) specimens[J]. Macromolecules,2000,33(15):5613-5623.