拉萨市城关区冬季室外空气微生物的分离与鉴定
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摘要
为监测和评价拉萨市空气微生物污染状况,了解拉萨市冬季室外空气细菌和真菌多样性,通过自然沉降法于2016年冬季对拉萨市城关区6个功能区12个样点微生物进行了采集,并对获得的菌株进行了纯化和分子鉴定。结果表明:拉萨市城关区冬季室外细菌总丰度平均值为160 CFU/m~3,真菌总丰度平均值为190 CFU/m~3;商业区微生物总丰度明显高于文教区,商业区细菌总丰度明显高于文教区和交通区;拉萨市城关区冬季室外空气细菌分属于6个属12个种,Bacillus为优势属;城关区冬季室外空气真菌分属于16个属20个种,优势属为Penicillium、Aspergillus、Alternaria和Cladosporium;城关区冬季空气细菌种数、细菌总丰度与真菌种数、真菌属数、真菌总丰度以及真菌H′间呈显著正相关。总体而言,拉萨市城关区冬季室外空气微生物质量良好。
In order to monitor and evaluate the airborne microbial pollution and to understand the bacterial and fungal diversity of outdoor air during the winter in Lhasa, the samples of microbes were collected from 6 functional areas with 12 sample sites during the winter in year 2016 by the fallen plate method and the obtained strains were purified and identified. The numbers of air bacteria and air fungi were 160 CFU/m~3 and 190 CFU/m~3 respectively. The total abundance of microorganism in the commercial area was significantly higher than that in the cultural and educational areas, and the total abundance of bacteria in the commercial area was significantly higher than that in the cultural, educational and traffic areas. Airborne bacteria in Lhasa can be classified to 6 genera and 12 species among them Penicillium、Aspergillus、Alternaria、Cladosporium were the dominant genera during winter in Lhasa. There was a significant positive correlation between the numbers of bacteria species, total abundance of bacteria and the numbers of fungi species, the numbers of fungal genera, total abundance of fungi and the fungal H' in winter air in the Chengguan District. In general, there is a favorable outdoor air quality during winter in Lhasa indicated by the number of airborne microorganism.
In order to monitor and evaluate the airborne microbial pollution and to understand the bacterial and fungal diversity of outdoor air during the winter in Lhasa, the samples of microbes were collected from 6 functional areas with 12 sample sites during the winter in year 2016 by the fallen plate method and the obtained strains were purified and identified. The numbers of air bacteria and air fungi were 160 CFU/m~3 and 190 CFU/m~3 respectively. The total abundance of microorganism in the commercial area was significantly higher than that in the cultural and educational areas, and the total abundance of bacteria in the commercial area was significantly higher than that in the cultural, educational and traffic areas. Airborne bacteria in Lhasa can be classified to 6 genera and 12 species among them Penicillium、Aspergillus、Alternaria、Cladosporium were the dominant genera during winter in Lhasa. There was a significant positive correlation between the numbers of bacteria species, total abundance of bacteria and the numbers of fungi species, the numbers of fungal genera, total abundance of fungi and the fungal H' in winter air in the Chengguan District. In general, there is a favorable outdoor air quality during winter in Lhasa indicated by the number of airborne microorganism.
引文
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[19]张贻龙,杨红,姜慧明,等.大连开发区雾霾期室外空气真菌组成及分布初步研究[J].绿色科技,2017(14):1-4.
[20]方治国,欧阳志云,胡利锋,等.室外空气细菌群落特征研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(1):123-128.
[21]方治国,欧阳志云.城市室内外空气真菌群落及影响因素研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):386-393.
[2]昝宇星,郑敏,黄俊榜,等.校园内空气微生物分布特征与影响因素[J].环境与健康杂志,2018,35(1):87-89.
[3]方治国,黄闯,楼秀芹,等.南方典型旅游城市空气微生物特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):2840-2847.
[4]薛林贵,姜金融,Erhunmwunsee Famous.城市空气微生物的监测及研究进展[J].环境工程,2017,35(3):152-157.
[5]董新姣,徐余.温州市区空气微生物污染的调查与评价[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,20(3):262-265.
[6]陈皓文.拉萨、日喀则空气微生物含量状况[J].青海环境,2003,13(3):97-99.
[7]陈皓文.西宁青海湖格尔木的空气微生物含量[J].国土资源科技管理,2002,19(1):62-66.
[8]陈皓文.吐鲁番市空气微生物浓度状况[J].干旱环境监测,2003,17(4):211-214.
[9]陈皓文.乌鲁木齐空气微生物含量的测定[J].新疆环境保护,2003,25(1):17-20.
[10]侯颖,张敏.洛阳市冬季空气微生物调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(2):169.
[11]温海祥.佛山市城区空气微生物污染及评价[J].佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版),2006,24(2):73-75.
[12]陈新宇,毕新慧,盛国英,等.广州市秋季室内外空气细菌谱及其气溶胶分布特征[J].中国热带医学,2008,8(5):739-742.
[13]周慧晶,郭振江.近年葫芦岛市区空气微生物浓度变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008,24(2):68-71.
[14]方治国,郝翠梅,姚文冲,等.空气微生物群落解析方法:从培养到非培养[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4244-4253.
[15]郭小芳,德吉,刘瑜,等.拉萨市城关区不同功能区及西藏大学新校区室内细菌总数测定[J].西藏科技,2011(10):70-71.
[16]胡利锋,方治国,欧阳志云,等.北京市室外空气真菌分布特征[J].环境科学,2005,26(5):22-27.
[17]董爱荣,陶玉柱.哈尔滨市室外空气真菌组成和分布的初步研究[J].菌物研究,2010,8(2):75-80.
[18]姚文冲,楼秀芹,方治国,等.南方典型旅游城市空气微生物粒径分布特征[J].中国环境科,2016,36(10):2938-2943.
[19]张贻龙,杨红,姜慧明,等.大连开发区雾霾期室外空气真菌组成及分布初步研究[J].绿色科技,2017(14):1-4.
[20]方治国,欧阳志云,胡利锋,等.室外空气细菌群落特征研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(1):123-128.
[21]方治国,欧阳志云.城市室内外空气真菌群落及影响因素研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):386-393.