发展科学及其语境论趋势探析
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摘要
近年来,生物(遗传)-文化(坏境)共同构成论的语境论世界观在发展科学的元理论层面逐渐占据了主导地位,用以解释生命发展系统中深层的多方向、多维度的动态层级结构。由此,发展科学中已经逐渐形成了以辩证唯物主义思想为核心,进而整合语境论和机体论世界观的关联论和关联的发展系统范式。这种包含着丰富语境论思想的关联的发展系统范式可以更好地容纳发展科学中的新数据,为发展科学的进一步研究提供哲学基础,为心理学、社会学和人类学中涉及的个体发育和演化问题提供新的理论依据。
引文
(1)张文新、陈光辉、林崇德:《应用发展科学——一门研究人与社会发展的新兴学科》,《心理科学进展》2009年第2期,第251页。
(2)R.M.Lerner,“Developmental Science,Developmental Systems,and Contemporary Theories of Human Development”,Handbook of Child Psychology (Sixth Edition),Volume 1:Theoretical Models of Human Development,R.M.Lerner (ed.),John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,2006,p.4.
(3)② W.F.Overton,“Relationism and Relational Developmental Systems:A Paradigm for Developmental Science in the Post-Cartesian Era”,Advances in Child Development and Behavior,Volume 44,Part A:Philosophical,Theoretical,and Biological Dimensions,R.M.Lerner and J.B.Benson (eds.),Elsevier Inc.,2013,p.37,p.57.
(4)R.B.Cairns and B.D.Cairns,“The Making of Developmental Psychology”,Handbook of Child Psychology (Sixth Edition) ,Volume 1:Theoretical Models of Human Development,p.92.
(5)V.A.Haines,“Evolutionary Explanations”,Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology,S.P.Turner and M.W.Risjord (eds.),Elsevier Inc.,2007,p.337.
(6)Cf.W.F.Overton,“A Coherent Metatheory for Dynamic Systems:Relational Organicism-Contextualism”,Human Development,50(2007),p.156.
(7)⑦ W.F.Overton and P.C.M.Molenaar,“Concepts,Theory,and Method in Developmental Science”,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition),Volume One:Theory and Method,W.F.Overton and P.C.M.Molenaar(eds.),John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,2015,p.2,p.2.
(8)R.M.Lerner and W.F.Overton,“Exemplifying the Integrations of the Relational Developmental System:Synthesizing Theory,Research,and Application to Promote Positive Development and Social Justice”,Journal of Adolescent Research,23(2008),p.245.
(9)W.F.Overton and P.C.M.Molenaar,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition) Volume One:Theory and Method,p.3.
(10)W.F.Overton,“Processes,Relations,and Relational-Developmental-Systems”,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition),Volume 1:Theory and Method,p.40.
(11)D.C.Witherington,“The Dynamic Systems Approach as Metatheory for Developmental Psychology”,Human Development,50(2007),pp.127—128.
(12)W.F.Overton,“A Coherent Metatheory for Dynamic Systems:Relational Organicism-Contextualism”,p.155.
(13)D.A.Weiskopf and F.Adams,An Introduction to the Philosophy of Psychology,Cambridge University Press,2015,pp.48—50.
(14)D.J.Futuyma,Evolutionary Biology (Second Edition),Sinauer Associates,Inc.,1986,p.12.
(15)M.D.Anway,A.S.Cupp,M.Uzumcu and M.K.Skinner,“Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors on Male Fertility”,Science,308(2005),p.1466.
(16)R.Lickliter and H.Honeycutt,“Biology,Development,and Human Systems”,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition) Volume One:Theory and Method,p.175.
(17)K.F.Riegel,“Toward a Dialectical Theory of Development”,Human Development,18(1975),pp.62—63.
(18)P.B.Baltes,H.W.Reese and L.P.Lipsitt,“Life-span Developmental Psychology”,Annual Review of Psychology,31(1980),p.80.
(19)H.W.Reese,“Contextualism and Developmental Psychology”,Advances in Child Development and Behavior,Volume 23,H.W.Reese(ed.),Academic Press Inc.,1991,p.205.
(20)H.W.Reese,“Contextualism and Dialectical Materialism”,Varieties of Scientific Contextualism,S.C.Hayes,L.J.Hayes,H.W.Reese,and T.R.Sarbin (eds.),Context Press,1993,p.72.
(21)H.W.Reese,“Contextualism and Dialectical Materialism”,p.71.
(22)郭贵春主编:《自然辩证法概论》,高等教育出版社,2013,第55页。
(23)④⑤ Cf.S.C.Pepper,World Hypotheses:A Study in Evidence,University of California Press,1942,p.141,p.280,p.232.
(24)W.F.Overton,“Processes,Relations,and Relational-Developmental-Systems”,p.28.
(25)Cf.S.C.Pepper,World Hypotheses:A Study in Evidence,p.251.
(26)殷杰:《语境主义世界观的特征》,《哲学研究》2006年第5期,第94页。
(27)③ W.F.Overton,“Processes,Relations,and Relational-Developmental-Systems”,p.37,p.41.
(2)R.M.Lerner,“Developmental Science,Developmental Systems,and Contemporary Theories of Human Development”,Handbook of Child Psychology (Sixth Edition),Volume 1:Theoretical Models of Human Development,R.M.Lerner (ed.),John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,2006,p.4.
(3)② W.F.Overton,“Relationism and Relational Developmental Systems:A Paradigm for Developmental Science in the Post-Cartesian Era”,Advances in Child Development and Behavior,Volume 44,Part A:Philosophical,Theoretical,and Biological Dimensions,R.M.Lerner and J.B.Benson (eds.),Elsevier Inc.,2013,p.37,p.57.
(4)R.B.Cairns and B.D.Cairns,“The Making of Developmental Psychology”,Handbook of Child Psychology (Sixth Edition) ,Volume 1:Theoretical Models of Human Development,p.92.
(5)V.A.Haines,“Evolutionary Explanations”,Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology,S.P.Turner and M.W.Risjord (eds.),Elsevier Inc.,2007,p.337.
(6)Cf.W.F.Overton,“A Coherent Metatheory for Dynamic Systems:Relational Organicism-Contextualism”,Human Development,50(2007),p.156.
(7)⑦ W.F.Overton and P.C.M.Molenaar,“Concepts,Theory,and Method in Developmental Science”,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition),Volume One:Theory and Method,W.F.Overton and P.C.M.Molenaar(eds.),John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,2015,p.2,p.2.
(8)R.M.Lerner and W.F.Overton,“Exemplifying the Integrations of the Relational Developmental System:Synthesizing Theory,Research,and Application to Promote Positive Development and Social Justice”,Journal of Adolescent Research,23(2008),p.245.
(9)W.F.Overton and P.C.M.Molenaar,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition) Volume One:Theory and Method,p.3.
(10)W.F.Overton,“Processes,Relations,and Relational-Developmental-Systems”,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition),Volume 1:Theory and Method,p.40.
(11)D.C.Witherington,“The Dynamic Systems Approach as Metatheory for Developmental Psychology”,Human Development,50(2007),pp.127—128.
(12)W.F.Overton,“A Coherent Metatheory for Dynamic Systems:Relational Organicism-Contextualism”,p.155.
(13)D.A.Weiskopf and F.Adams,An Introduction to the Philosophy of Psychology,Cambridge University Press,2015,pp.48—50.
(14)D.J.Futuyma,Evolutionary Biology (Second Edition),Sinauer Associates,Inc.,1986,p.12.
(15)M.D.Anway,A.S.Cupp,M.Uzumcu and M.K.Skinner,“Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors on Male Fertility”,Science,308(2005),p.1466.
(16)R.Lickliter and H.Honeycutt,“Biology,Development,and Human Systems”,Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (Seventh Edition) Volume One:Theory and Method,p.175.
(17)K.F.Riegel,“Toward a Dialectical Theory of Development”,Human Development,18(1975),pp.62—63.
(18)P.B.Baltes,H.W.Reese and L.P.Lipsitt,“Life-span Developmental Psychology”,Annual Review of Psychology,31(1980),p.80.
(19)H.W.Reese,“Contextualism and Developmental Psychology”,Advances in Child Development and Behavior,Volume 23,H.W.Reese(ed.),Academic Press Inc.,1991,p.205.
(20)H.W.Reese,“Contextualism and Dialectical Materialism”,Varieties of Scientific Contextualism,S.C.Hayes,L.J.Hayes,H.W.Reese,and T.R.Sarbin (eds.),Context Press,1993,p.72.
(21)H.W.Reese,“Contextualism and Dialectical Materialism”,p.71.
(22)郭贵春主编:《自然辩证法概论》,高等教育出版社,2013,第55页。
(23)④⑤ Cf.S.C.Pepper,World Hypotheses:A Study in Evidence,University of California Press,1942,p.141,p.280,p.232.
(24)W.F.Overton,“Processes,Relations,and Relational-Developmental-Systems”,p.28.
(25)Cf.S.C.Pepper,World Hypotheses:A Study in Evidence,p.251.
(26)殷杰:《语境主义世界观的特征》,《哲学研究》2006年第5期,第94页。
(27)③ W.F.Overton,“Processes,Relations,and Relational-Developmental-Systems”,p.37,p.41.