煤气化原理及其技术发展方向
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摘要
煤质的复杂性和下游工艺要求的多样性导致了多种煤气化技术的产生。在煤气化原理的基础上分析了当前国内煤气化技术的优劣,认为熔渣气流床具有气化速率快、碳转化率高和工艺过程绿色等优势,应成为煤气化技术的主要发展方向;移动床的热解层使得其产物气体中甲烷含量较高,有利于煤制天然气,但其床层特点使气化强度较低,且炉内存在碱金属富集的物理条件;流化床热解-气化也可以提高甲烷含量,且在合理选择原料煤粒度的条件下,气化强度高于移动床。其它煤气化技术还存在这样或那样的问题,需要继续研发或谨慎考虑工业化应用。
The complexity of coal constituent and the variety of downstream processes lead to variety of coal gasification technologies.Domestic coal gasification technologies nowadays were analyzed in this paper based on the coal gasification principle.It is thought that the entrained slagging bed is the main development direction of coal gasification technology,which possesses the advantages of high gasification reaction efficiency,high carbon conversion rate and is the best green process.The pyrolysis layer in moving bed leads to higher methane content in product gas and is good for coal to manufacture nature gas,but the problems of lower gasification intensity and alkali metals enrichment in the bed occur;Fluidized bed pyrolysis-gasification process can also raise methane content in its product gas.The gasification intensity is higher than that of moving bed if reasonable particulate size of feed coal is used.There are various problems for the other gasification technologies and need to continue to research and development or think carefully about industrial application.
The complexity of coal constituent and the variety of downstream processes lead to variety of coal gasification technologies.Domestic coal gasification technologies nowadays were analyzed in this paper based on the coal gasification principle.It is thought that the entrained slagging bed is the main development direction of coal gasification technology,which possesses the advantages of high gasification reaction efficiency,high carbon conversion rate and is the best green process.The pyrolysis layer in moving bed leads to higher methane content in product gas and is good for coal to manufacture nature gas,but the problems of lower gasification intensity and alkali metals enrichment in the bed occur;Fluidized bed pyrolysis-gasification process can also raise methane content in its product gas.The gasification intensity is higher than that of moving bed if reasonable particulate size of feed coal is used.There are various problems for the other gasification technologies and need to continue to research and development or think carefully about industrial application.
引文
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[2]贺永德.现代煤化工技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:33-40
[3]陈鹏.中国煤炭性质、分类和利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:144-160
[4]祝建中,陈烈强,甘轲.垃圾焚烧气氛中碱金属氯化物的腐蚀机理[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):78-82
[5]刘摇敬,王智化,项飞鹏.准东煤中碱金属的赋存形式及其在燃烧过程中的迁移规律实验研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(3):316-322
[6]彭富福,王朝正,林裕章.2205双相不锈钢沉积氯化钠之高温腐蚀[J].电化学,2005,11(4):369-375
[7]李美栓.金属的高温腐蚀[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001:373-379
[8]Davy Powergas公司.HYGAS法[J].煤炭化工设计,1980(S1):62-70