胶结尾砂充填体渗流特性的试验与模拟
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摘要
通过耦合水力学方程和热传递方程建立充填体的渗流数学模型,将其导入COMSOL Multiphysics软件中分析充填体在养护过程中的温度、孔隙水压力和渗水率随时间的演变规律。实验室的充填体渗流试验研究结果验证该模型的有效性和适用性。通过数值模拟研究不同的充填体初始温度、灰砂质量比和养护温度对充填体渗流特性的影响。结果表明:充填体的初始温度和养护温度越高,灰砂质量比越大,其渗水率越少,对环境的影响越小。研究结论对于充填体的制备和养护具有一定的指导意义。
Through coupling the hydraulic equations and heat transfer equations, a seepage model of cemented tailings backfill(CTB) was built. This model was implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze evolution of temperature,pore water pressure and seepage flow versus time during curing the CTB. The validity and availability of the developed model were verified by the laboratory seepage experiment results. By means of numerical simulation, effects of various initial CTB temperatures, cement-to-tailings ratios and curing temperatures on the seepage characteristics of CTB were demonstrated. The obtained results indicate that, increasing the initial CTB temperature, curing temperature and cement-to-tailings ratio can significantly decrease the seepage water from CTB, and thus the CTB is environmentally friendly. The conclusions are of instructing importance to preparing and curing CTB.
Through coupling the hydraulic equations and heat transfer equations, a seepage model of cemented tailings backfill(CTB) was built. This model was implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze evolution of temperature,pore water pressure and seepage flow versus time during curing the CTB. The validity and availability of the developed model were verified by the laboratory seepage experiment results. By means of numerical simulation, effects of various initial CTB temperatures, cement-to-tailings ratios and curing temperatures on the seepage characteristics of CTB were demonstrated. The obtained results indicate that, increasing the initial CTB temperature, curing temperature and cement-to-tailings ratio can significantly decrease the seepage water from CTB, and thus the CTB is environmentally friendly. The conclusions are of instructing importance to preparing and curing CTB.
引文
[1]Kesimal A,Ercikdi B,Yilmaz E.The effect of desliming by sedimentation on paste backfill performance[J].Minerals Engineering,2003,16:1009-1011.
[2]Wu D,Fall M,Cai S.Coupled modeling of temperature distribution and evolution in cemented tailings backfill structures that contain mineral admixtures[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2012,30(4):935-961.
[3]Wu D,Fall M,Cai S.Coupling temperature,cement hydration and rheological behaviour of fresh cemented paste backfill[J].Minerals Engineering,2013,42:76-87.
[4]Cihangir F,Ercikdi B,Kesimal A,et al.Utilisation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag in paste backfill of high-sulphide mill tailings:effect of binder type and dosage[J].Minerals Engineering,2012,30:33-43.
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[6]Abdul-Hussain N,Fall M.Unsaturated hydraulic properties of cemented tailings backfill that contains sodium silicate[J].Engineering Geology,2011,123(4):288-301.
[7]陈金刚,张景飞.充填物的力学响应对裂隙渗流的影响[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):577-580.CHEN Jingang,ZHANG Jingfei.Influence of mechanical responses of fillings on fracture seepage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):577-580.
[8]刘才华,陈从新,付少兰.二维应力作用下岩石单裂隙渗流规律的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1194-1198.LIU Caihua,CHEN Congxin,FU Shaolan.Testing study on seepage characteristic of a single rock fracture under two-dimentional stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1194-1198.
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[15]仵彦卿,曹广祝,丁卫华.CT尺度砂岩渗流与应力关系试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,23(12):4203-4209.WU Yanqing,CAO Guangzhu,DING Weihua.Experimental study on relation between seepage and stress of sandstone in CT scale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,23(12):4203-4209.
[16]中方科技公司.COMSOL Multiphysics有限元法多物理场建模与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.CNTECH Co.,Ltd.Multi-physical modeling and analysis by using finite element method(FEM)[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2007.
[17]Poyet S,Charlesa S,Honore N,et al.Assessment of the unsaturated water transport properties of an old concrete:Determination of the pore-interaction factor[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2011,41(10):1015-1023.
[18]Bourgeois F,Burlion N,Shao J F.Modelling of elastoplastic damage in concrete due to desiccation shrinkage[J].International Journal for Numerical an Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2002,26(8):759-774.
[19]Talor S C,Hoff W D,Wilson M A,et al.Anomalous water transport properties of Portland and blended cement-based materials[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1999,18(23):1925-1927.
[20]van Genuchten M T H.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[21]Luckner L,van Genuchyen M T H,Nielsen D R.A consistent set of parametric models for the two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in the subsurface[J].Water Resources Research,1989,25(10):2187-2193.
[22]Mualem Y.A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J].Water Resources Research,1976,12:513-522.
[23]Thomas H R,Sansom M R.Fully coupled analysis of heat,moisture and air transfer in unsaturated soil[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1995,121(3):392-405.
[24]Tong F,Jing L,Zimmerman R W.A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model for simulating multiphase flow,deformation and heat transfer in buffer material and rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):205-217.
[25]Schindler A K,Folliard K J.Influence of supplementary cementing materials on the heat of hydration of concrete[C]//9th Conference on Advances in Cement and Concrete.Colorado,2003.
[26]Abdul-Hussian N,Fall M.Thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of sodium silicate-cemented paste tailings in column experiments[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,29:85-93.
[2]Wu D,Fall M,Cai S.Coupled modeling of temperature distribution and evolution in cemented tailings backfill structures that contain mineral admixtures[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2012,30(4):935-961.
[3]Wu D,Fall M,Cai S.Coupling temperature,cement hydration and rheological behaviour of fresh cemented paste backfill[J].Minerals Engineering,2013,42:76-87.
[4]Cihangir F,Ercikdi B,Kesimal A,et al.Utilisation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag in paste backfill of high-sulphide mill tailings:effect of binder type and dosage[J].Minerals Engineering,2012,30:33-43.
[5]Fall M,Adrien D,Celestin J,et al.Saturated hydraulic conductivity of cemented paste backfill[J].Minerals Engineering,2009,22:1307-1317.
[6]Abdul-Hussain N,Fall M.Unsaturated hydraulic properties of cemented tailings backfill that contains sodium silicate[J].Engineering Geology,2011,123(4):288-301.
[7]陈金刚,张景飞.充填物的力学响应对裂隙渗流的影响[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):577-580.CHEN Jingang,ZHANG Jingfei.Influence of mechanical responses of fillings on fracture seepage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):577-580.
[8]刘才华,陈从新,付少兰.二维应力作用下岩石单裂隙渗流规律的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1194-1198.LIU Caihua,CHEN Congxin,FU Shaolan.Testing study on seepage characteristic of a single rock fracture under two-dimentional stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1194-1198.
[9]速宝玉,詹美礼,张祝添.充填裂隙渗流特性实验研究[J].岩土力学,1994,15(4):46-52.SU Baoyu,ZHAN Meili,ZHANG Zhutian.Experimental research of seepage characteristic for filled fracture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1994,15(4):46-51.
[10]孙培德,凌志仪.三轴应力作用下煤渗透率变化规律实验[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(增):28-31.SUN Peide,LING Zhiyi.Experimental study of effect of the law for permeability of coal under action of triaxial compression[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),2000,23(Supp):28-31.
[11]隆清明,赵旭生,孙东玲,等.吸附作用对煤的渗透率影响规律实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(9):1030-1034.LONG Qingming,ZHAO Xusheng,SUN Dongling,et al.Experimental study on coal permeability by adsorption[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(9):1030-1034.
[12]许江,张丹丹,彭守建,等.三轴应力条件下温度对原煤渗流特性影响的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1848-1854.XU Jiang,ZHANG Dandan,PENG Shoujian,et al.Experimental research on impact of temperature on seepage characteristics of coal containing methane under triaxial stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1848-1854.
[13]Olsson R,Barton N.An improved model for hydro-mechanical coupling during shearing of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):317-329.
[14]Lee H S,Cho T F.Hydraulic characteristics of rough fractures in linear flow under normal and shear load[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,35(4):299-318.
[15]仵彦卿,曹广祝,丁卫华.CT尺度砂岩渗流与应力关系试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,23(12):4203-4209.WU Yanqing,CAO Guangzhu,DING Weihua.Experimental study on relation between seepage and stress of sandstone in CT scale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,23(12):4203-4209.
[16]中方科技公司.COMSOL Multiphysics有限元法多物理场建模与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.CNTECH Co.,Ltd.Multi-physical modeling and analysis by using finite element method(FEM)[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2007.
[17]Poyet S,Charlesa S,Honore N,et al.Assessment of the unsaturated water transport properties of an old concrete:Determination of the pore-interaction factor[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2011,41(10):1015-1023.
[18]Bourgeois F,Burlion N,Shao J F.Modelling of elastoplastic damage in concrete due to desiccation shrinkage[J].International Journal for Numerical an Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2002,26(8):759-774.
[19]Talor S C,Hoff W D,Wilson M A,et al.Anomalous water transport properties of Portland and blended cement-based materials[J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,1999,18(23):1925-1927.
[20]van Genuchten M T H.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[21]Luckner L,van Genuchyen M T H,Nielsen D R.A consistent set of parametric models for the two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in the subsurface[J].Water Resources Research,1989,25(10):2187-2193.
[22]Mualem Y.A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J].Water Resources Research,1976,12:513-522.
[23]Thomas H R,Sansom M R.Fully coupled analysis of heat,moisture and air transfer in unsaturated soil[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1995,121(3):392-405.
[24]Tong F,Jing L,Zimmerman R W.A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model for simulating multiphase flow,deformation and heat transfer in buffer material and rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):205-217.
[25]Schindler A K,Folliard K J.Influence of supplementary cementing materials on the heat of hydration of concrete[C]//9th Conference on Advances in Cement and Concrete.Colorado,2003.
[26]Abdul-Hussian N,Fall M.Thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of sodium silicate-cemented paste tailings in column experiments[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,29:85-93.