基于因次分析方法的树脂基复合材料等温固化均匀性分析
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摘要
在复合材料固化过程中,固化度场的非均匀性是引起残余热应力和固化收缩应力的重要因素。为了探讨树脂基复合材料结构件固化成型过程中的工艺参数对固化均匀性的影响,首先针对Epon 862/W环氧树脂体系建立了复合材料固化仿真模型,并对模型进行了验证;然后,通过因次分析得出了树脂基复合材料结构件的热传递方程和固化动力学方程的无因次形式;最后,通过数值模拟定量分析了固化工艺温度、对流换热系数和结构件厚度对复合材料固化均匀性的影响规律。结果表明:在等温固化条件下,对流换热系数对复合材料固化均匀性的影响很小,无因次式特征时间tc/树脂固化反应特征时间tR与固化度差值间存在拟合函数关系,该函数可以方便地用于工程计算。
Non-uniformity of curing degree fields during curing process of composites is an important factor in causing residual thermal stress and curing shrinkage stress.In order to investigate the influences of process parameters on the curing uniformity during the curing molding process of resin matrix composite structures,a composite curing simulation model was built for Epon 862/W epoxy system firstly,and the model was verified.Then,the dimensionless form of heat transfer equation and curing kinetics equation about resin matrix composite structures was obtained by dimensional analysis.Finally,the influence rules of curing process temperature,convective heat transfer coefficient and thickness of the structure on curing uniformity of the composites were quantitatively analyzed by numerical simulation.The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient has little effect on curing uniformity of composites under the condition of isothermal curing.There is a fitting function relationship between the dimensionless group characteristic time tc/characteristic resin curing reaction time tRand the difference of curing degree,and the function can be used in engineering calculation conveniently.
Non-uniformity of curing degree fields during curing process of composites is an important factor in causing residual thermal stress and curing shrinkage stress.In order to investigate the influences of process parameters on the curing uniformity during the curing molding process of resin matrix composite structures,a composite curing simulation model was built for Epon 862/W epoxy system firstly,and the model was verified.Then,the dimensionless form of heat transfer equation and curing kinetics equation about resin matrix composite structures was obtained by dimensional analysis.Finally,the influence rules of curing process temperature,convective heat transfer coefficient and thickness of the structure on curing uniformity of the composites were quantitatively analyzed by numerical simulation.The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient has little effect on curing uniformity of composites under the condition of isothermal curing.There is a fitting function relationship between the dimensionless group characteristic time tc/characteristic resin curing reaction time tRand the difference of curing degree,and the function can be used in engineering calculation conveniently.
引文
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[3]TSENG S C,OSSWALD T A.Prediction of shrinkage and warpage of fiber reinforced thermoset composite parts[J].Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites,1994,13(8):698-721.
[4]张纪奎,关志东,郦正能.热固性复合材料固化过程中温度场的三维有限元分析[J].复合材料学报,2006,23(2):175-179.ZHANG J K,GUAN Z D,LI Z N.Three-dimensional finite element analysis for the temperature field of thermoset composites during cure process[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2006,23(2):175-179(in Chinese).
[5]张纪奎,郦正能,关志东.固化度与固化收缩对非对称复合材料层合板固化变形的影响[J].复合材料学报,2007,24(2):120-124.ZHANG J K,LI Z N,GUAN Z D.Influence of degree of cure and cure shrinkage on the finial deformation of the unsymmetric composite laminates[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2007,24(2):120-124(in Chinese).
[6]ABDELAL G F,ROBOTHAM A,CANTWELL W.Autoclave cure simulation of composite structures applying implicit and explicit FE techniques[J].International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design,2013,9(1):55-63.
[7]JOHNSTON A A.An integrated model of the development of process induced deformation in autoclave processing of composite structures[D].Vancouver:The University of British Columbia,1997:64-78.
[8]王晓霞.热固性树脂基复合材料的固化变形数值模拟[D].济南:山东大学,2012:101-124.WANG X X.Numerical simulation of curing deformation of thermosetting resin matrix composites[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012:101-124(in Chinese).
[9]王晓霞,王成国,贾玉玺.热固性树脂固化动力学模型简化的新方法[J].材料工程,2012(7):67-70.WANG X X,WANG C G,JIA Y X.New simplification method of thermosetting resin curing kinetic models[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2012(7):67-70(in Chinese).
[10]SILIKAS N,ELIADES G,WATTS D C.Light intensity effects on resin-composite degree of conversion and shrinkage strain[J].Dental Materials,2000,16(4):292-296.
[11]WILLIM B K.Scaling analysis in modeling transport and reaction processes[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.,2007:4-8.
[12]YAN X.Finite element modeling of curing of epoxy matrix composites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2007,103(4):2310-2319.
[13]SVANBERG J M,HOLMBERG J A.Prediction of shape distortions Part I.FE-implementation of a path dependent constitutive model[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2004,35(6):711-721.
[14]CHEUNG A,YU Y,POCHIRAJU K.Three-dimensional finite element simulation of curing of polymer composites[J].Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2004,40(8):895-912.
[15]O’BRIEN D J,WHITE S R.Cure kinetics,gelation,and glass transition of a bisphenol F epoxide[J].Polymer Engineering and Science,2003,43(4):863-874.
[16]MOUZAKIS D E,ZOGA H,GALIOTIS C.Accelerated environmental ageing study of polyester/glass fiber reinforced composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2008,39(3):467-475.
[17]GANGULI S,ROY A K,ANDERSON D P.Improved thermal conductivity for chemically functionalized exfoliated graphite/epoxy composites[J].Carbon,2008,46(5):806-817.
[18]贺福.碳纤维及石墨纤维[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:460-500.HE F.Carbon fiber and graphite fiber[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2010:460-500(in Chinese).
[19]张纪奎,张江,马志阳,等.厚截面层合板非同步固化的三维有限元分析[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(11):1464-1469.ZHANG J K,ZHANG J,MA Z Y,et al.Three-dimensional finite element analysis for non-synchronized cure of thick composite laminates[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(11):1464-1469(in Chinese).
[20]TWARDOWSKI T E,GEIL P H.Curing in thick composite laminates:Experiment and simulation[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1993,27(3):216-250.