金盆水库热分层特性及扬水曝气系统运行效果研究
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摘要
基于MIKE3软件建立黑河金盆水库三维水温模型,该模型准确的模拟出了2012年水体垂向水温变化及水体热分层结构演变,平均相对误差为1.42%.针对气温、太阳短波辐射及入库流量对水体热分层结构的影响进行了系统的模拟研究.结果显示:气温、太阳短波辐射与水体热分层的稳定性呈现正相关关系,而入库流量则与其呈现显著负相关关系.引入APE水库潜在势能指数来评估金盆水库水体热分层稳定性,并应用该模型,对金盆水库水体2014年9月至11月自然分层状态下APE指数进行模拟,与同时期人工强制混合条件下实测水体APE指数进行对比分析.结果表明,扬水曝气系统的人工强制混合作用能够有效降低水体APE指数,破坏热分层结构,促进水体混合.实验结果可为扬水曝气水质改善系统的科学运行提供依据,实现系统人工诱导混合,高效节能的持续改善水质,保障供水水质安全.
Based on MIKE3 software,a three-dimensional water temperature model of Heihe Jinpen reservoir was established.The model accurately simulates the vertical water temperature change and the evolution of the water thermal stratification structure in 2012 with an average relative error of 1.42%.Moreover,this model was validated by the field measured data in 2012 and used to simulate the influence on the thermal regime of Jinpen reservoir with different air temperature,solar short-wave radiation and inflow.The results showed that there is a positive correlation between temperature,solar short-wave radiation and the stability of the water thermal stratification,while the inflow is significantly negatively correlated with the stability of the water thermal stratification.APE index is one of the representation of water thermal stratification strength.The model is used to simulate the water temperature under the natural condition from September to November in 2014 and calculated the APE index,and compared with the APE index in the period of water-lifting aerators operation.The results showed that the water-lifting aerators can reduce the APE index remarkably and destroy the thermal stratification structure,and promote the mixing of water.The experimental results can provide basis for the scientific operation of the water-lifting aerators system to realize the artificial induction of the mixture,continuous improvement of water quality with high efficiency and energy conservation,and guarantee the water quality safety.
Based on MIKE3 software,a three-dimensional water temperature model of Heihe Jinpen reservoir was established.The model accurately simulates the vertical water temperature change and the evolution of the water thermal stratification structure in 2012 with an average relative error of 1.42%.Moreover,this model was validated by the field measured data in 2012 and used to simulate the influence on the thermal regime of Jinpen reservoir with different air temperature,solar short-wave radiation and inflow.The results showed that there is a positive correlation between temperature,solar short-wave radiation and the stability of the water thermal stratification,while the inflow is significantly negatively correlated with the stability of the water thermal stratification.APE index is one of the representation of water thermal stratification strength.The model is used to simulate the water temperature under the natural condition from September to November in 2014 and calculated the APE index,and compared with the APE index in the period of water-lifting aerators operation.The results showed that the water-lifting aerators can reduce the APE index remarkably and destroy the thermal stratification structure,and promote the mixing of water.The experimental results can provide basis for the scientific operation of the water-lifting aerators system to realize the artificial induction of the mixture,continuous improvement of water quality with high efficiency and energy conservation,and guarantee the water quality safety.
引文
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[15]张士杰,彭文启.二滩水库水温结构及其影响因素研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(10):1254-1258.ZHANG Shijie,PENG Wenqi.Water temperature structure and influencing factors in Ertan Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(10):1254-1258.
[16]Danish Hydraulic Institute.MIKE 21&MIKE 3FLOW MODEL FM Hydrodynamic and Transport Module Scientific Documentation[S].Denmark:DHI,2014.
[17]龙圣海.峡谷分层型水源水库水质变化特征及水温结构模拟研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2017.LONG Shenghai.Water quality characteristics and water temperature simulation of a canyon-shaped,stratified,source water reservoir[D]Xi′an:Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.,2017.
[18]KUMAGAI M,NAKANO S,JIAO C,et al.Effect of cyanobacterial blooSC on thermal stratification[J].Limnology,2000,1(3):191-195.
[19]READ J S,HAMILTON D P,JONES I D,et al.Derivation of lake mixing and stratification indices from high resolution lake buoy data[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2011,26(11):1325-1336.
[20]BECKER V,HUSZAR V L M,NASELLI-FLORES L,et al.Phytoplankton equilibrium phases during thermal stratification in a deep subtropical reservoir[J].Freshwater Biology,2008,53(5):952-963.
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[22]MA W X,HUANG T L,LI X,et al.Impact of short-term climate variation and hydrology change on thermal structure and water quality of a canyonshaped,stratified reservoir[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2015,22(23):18372-18380.
[23]周子振.混合充氧对分层水库水质改善及微生物种群结构调控研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2017.ZHOU Zizhen.Study of water quality improvement and microbial community structure regulation of a stratified reservoir by mixing and oxygenation[D].Xi′an:Xi′an Univ.of Arch.and Tech.,2017.
[2]吴志旭,刘明亮,兰佳,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)湖泊区夏季热分层期间垂向理化及浮游植物特征[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(3):460-465.WU Zhixu,LIU Mingliang,LAN Jia et al.Vertical distribution of phytoplankton and physico-chemical characteristics in the lacustrine zone of Xin′anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao)in subtropic China during summer stratification[J].J.Lake Sci,2012,24(3):460-465.
[3]MERINO I M,MONROY R E,VILACLARA G,et al.Physical and chemical limnology of a wind-swept tropical highland reservoir[J].Aquatic Ecology,2008.42(3):335-345.
[4]WILHELM S,ADRIAN R.Impact of summer warming on the thermal characteristics of a polymictic lake and consequences for oxygen,nutrients and phytoplankton[J].Freshwater Biology,2008,53(2):226-237.
[5]MINNS C K,MOORE J E,DOKA S E,et al.Temporal trends and spatial patterns in the temperature and oxygen regimes in the Bay of Quinte,Lake Ontario,1972-2008[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,2011,14(1):9-20.
[6]吴丰昌,金相灿,张润宇,等.论有机氮磷在湖泊水环境中的作用和重要性[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):1-7.WU Fengchang,JIN Xiangcan,ZHANG Runyu et al.Effects and significance of organic nitrogen and phosphorous in the lake aquatic environment[J].J Lake Sci,2010,22(1):1-7.
[7]WANG S,QIAN X,HAN B P,et al.Effect of local climate and hydrological conditions on the thermal regime of a reservoir at Tropic of Cancer,in southern China[J].Water Research,2012,46(8):2 591-2 604.
[8]曾康,黄廷林,马卫星,等.金盆水库汛期高浊水径流的潜入及热分层水体水质响应[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2778-2786.ZENG Kang,HUANG Tinglin,MA Weixing et al.Water-quality responses of the intrusion of high-turbidity runoff to the thermal stratified Jinpen Reservoir during flood season[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(9):2778-2786.
[9]TUAN N V,HAMAGAMI K,MORI K,et al.Mixing by wind induced flow and thermal convection in a small,shallow and stratified lake[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2009,7(2):83-93.
[10]刘明亮,吴志旭,何剑波,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)热力学状况及热力分层研究[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):447-454.LIU Mingliang,WU Zhixu,HE Jianbo et al.Thermodynamics and stratification in Xin′anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao)[J].J.Lake Sci,2014,26(3):447-454
[11]孙昕,王雪,许岩,等.一个分层水库温跃层的模拟与验证[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(2):319-326.SUN Xin,WANG Xue,XU Yan et al.Numerical simulation and verifications on thermal stratification in a stratified reservoir[J].J.Lake Sci,2015,27(2):319-326.
[12]巨拓,黄廷林,马卫星,等.稳定分层水库水质的季节性变化特征及扬水曝气水质改善[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):819-828.JU Tuo,HUANG Tinglin,MA Weixing et al.Characteristics of seasonal variation and water-lifting aerator improvement of water quality in a steady stratified reservoir[J].J.Lake Sci,2015,27(5):819-828.
[13]HUANG T L,LI X,RIJNAARTS H,et al.Effects of storm runoff on the thermal regime and water quality of a deep,stratified reservoir in a temperate monsoon zone,in Northwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,1(8):820-827.
[14]马卫星.黑河水库水质变化规律及扬水曝气应用效果研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012.MA Weixing.Research on the law of water quality change and the application of water-lifting aerator in Heihe reservoir[D].Xi′an:Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.,2012.
[15]张士杰,彭文启.二滩水库水温结构及其影响因素研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(10):1254-1258.ZHANG Shijie,PENG Wenqi.Water temperature structure and influencing factors in Ertan Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(10):1254-1258.
[16]Danish Hydraulic Institute.MIKE 21&MIKE 3FLOW MODEL FM Hydrodynamic and Transport Module Scientific Documentation[S].Denmark:DHI,2014.
[17]龙圣海.峡谷分层型水源水库水质变化特征及水温结构模拟研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2017.LONG Shenghai.Water quality characteristics and water temperature simulation of a canyon-shaped,stratified,source water reservoir[D]Xi′an:Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.,2017.
[18]KUMAGAI M,NAKANO S,JIAO C,et al.Effect of cyanobacterial blooSC on thermal stratification[J].Limnology,2000,1(3):191-195.
[19]READ J S,HAMILTON D P,JONES I D,et al.Derivation of lake mixing and stratification indices from high resolution lake buoy data[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2011,26(11):1325-1336.
[20]BECKER V,HUSZAR V L M,NASELLI-FLORES L,et al.Phytoplankton equilibrium phases during thermal stratification in a deep subtropical reservoir[J].Freshwater Biology,2008,53(5):952-963.
[21]MONIKA W,DANIEL E.S.Climate change uncouples trophic interaction in an aquatic ecosystem[J].Ecology,2004,85(8):2100-2106.
[22]MA W X,HUANG T L,LI X,et al.Impact of short-term climate variation and hydrology change on thermal structure and water quality of a canyonshaped,stratified reservoir[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2015,22(23):18372-18380.
[23]周子振.混合充氧对分层水库水质改善及微生物种群结构调控研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2017.ZHOU Zizhen.Study of water quality improvement and microbial community structure regulation of a stratified reservoir by mixing and oxygenation[D].Xi′an:Xi′an Univ.of Arch.and Tech.,2017.
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