水库水体热分层的水质及细菌群落分布特征
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摘要
作为重要的城市饮用水源地,水库是人工筑坝形成的特殊类型的水体,其水质直接影响居民的饮用水安全.为揭示北京市饮用水源地密云水库的秋季分层特征和细菌群落的垂直变化,于水体稳定分层期(秋季)在水库进行采样,应用16S rDNA末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)和定量PCR等方法研究了密云水库水体细菌群落的垂直分布特征,并利用聚类分析、多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与环境因子之间的响应关系.结果表明:(1)密云水库水体温跃层位于水深20～30 m处,水温范围在15～19℃,聚类分析将7个采样水层划分为好氧区(上层)和缺氧区(下层)两类,温度、DO、pH在15 m以下逐渐降低,电导率、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮及总氮在15 m后发生显著变化,水体水质表现出明显的垂直分布特征;(2)RDA分析结果显示,上下水层的溶解氧、pH、电导率、氨氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮存在较为明显的垂向变化,是影响密云水库细菌群落垂直分布的主要环境因子;(3)总细菌的数量随水深变化的波动较为明显,其中好氧区细菌的Shannon-Wiener指数和T-RFs片段数明显高于缺氧区,说明秋季密云水库水体中细菌群落分布存在显著的分层现象.本研究探究了水体热分层对水库水质及细菌群落的影响,可为预测水质变化和水库管理提供科学依据.
As an important urban drinking water source,reservoirs are a special type of water body formed by artificial dams. Water quality of reservoirs directly affects the residents' drinking water safety. In order to reveal the characteristics of stratification and vertical changes of bacterial communities in the Miyun Reservoir,a drinking water source of Beijing,vertical stratified samples were collected during the stable stratified period of the reservoir(autumn). The vertical distribution characteristics of bacterial communities in the Miyun Reservoir were studied by using 16S rDNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) and quantitative PCR.Cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were used to reveal the response relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors. The results were as follows. (1) The thermocline of the Miyun Reservoir was located at a water depth of 20-30 m,and the water temperature range was 15-19℃. The cluster analysis data of the seven sampled water layers were divided into an aerobic area(upper layer) and anoxic area(lower layer). The temperature,dissolved oxygen,and p H gradually decreased below 15 m. The electrical conductivity,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,and total nitrogen changed significantly after 15 m. The water quality showed obvious features in the vertical direction. (2) The redundancy analysis(RDA) results showed that there were obvious vertical changes in the dissolved oxygen,p H,electrical conductivity,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen between the aerobic and anoxic water layer. Those factors were the main environmental factors affecting the vertical distribution of the bacterial communities in the Miyun Reservoir. (3) The total bacterial number fluctuated with changes in the water depth. The ShannonWiener index and the number of T-RFs of bacteria in the aerobic zone were significantly higher than those in the anoxic zone,which indicates that there was significant stratification in the distribution of bacterial communities in the water of the Miyun Reservoir in autumn. This study explored the effects of water stratification on reservoir water quality and bacterial communities,and the findings provide a scientific basis for predicting water quality changes and reservoir management.
As an important urban drinking water source,reservoirs are a special type of water body formed by artificial dams. Water quality of reservoirs directly affects the residents' drinking water safety. In order to reveal the characteristics of stratification and vertical changes of bacterial communities in the Miyun Reservoir,a drinking water source of Beijing,vertical stratified samples were collected during the stable stratified period of the reservoir(autumn). The vertical distribution characteristics of bacterial communities in the Miyun Reservoir were studied by using 16S rDNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) and quantitative PCR.Cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were used to reveal the response relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors. The results were as follows. (1) The thermocline of the Miyun Reservoir was located at a water depth of 20-30 m,and the water temperature range was 15-19℃. The cluster analysis data of the seven sampled water layers were divided into an aerobic area(upper layer) and anoxic area(lower layer). The temperature,dissolved oxygen,and p H gradually decreased below 15 m. The electrical conductivity,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,and total nitrogen changed significantly after 15 m. The water quality showed obvious features in the vertical direction. (2) The redundancy analysis(RDA) results showed that there were obvious vertical changes in the dissolved oxygen,p H,electrical conductivity,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen between the aerobic and anoxic water layer. Those factors were the main environmental factors affecting the vertical distribution of the bacterial communities in the Miyun Reservoir. (3) The total bacterial number fluctuated with changes in the water depth. The ShannonWiener index and the number of T-RFs of bacteria in the aerobic zone were significantly higher than those in the anoxic zone,which indicates that there was significant stratification in the distribution of bacterial communities in the water of the Miyun Reservoir in autumn. This study explored the effects of water stratification on reservoir water quality and bacterial communities,and the findings provide a scientific basis for predicting water quality changes and reservoir management.
引文
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[6] Conley D J,Paerl H W,Howarth R W,et al. Controlling eutrophication:Nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. Science,2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[7] Rigosi A, Rueda F J. Hydraulic control of short-term successional changes in the phytoplankton assemblage in stratified reservoirs[J]. Ecological Engineering,2012,44:216-226.
[8]刘流,刘德富,肖尚斌,等.水温分层对三峡水库香溪河库湾春季水华的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3046-3050.Liu L,Liu D F,Xiao S B,et al. Effects of thermal stratification on spring blooms in Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(9):3046-3050.
[9]曾明正,黄廷林,邱晓鹏,等.我国北方温带水库———周村水库季节性热分层现象及其水质响应特性[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1337-1344.Zeng M Z,Huang T L,Qiu X P,et al. Seasonal stratification and the response of water quality of a temperate reservoir———Zhoucun Reservoir in North of China[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1337-1344.
[10]董春颖,虞左明,吴志旭,等.千岛湖湖泊区水体季节性分层特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2574-2581.Dong C Y, Yu Z M, Wu Z X, et al. Study on seasonal characteristics of thermal stratification in lacustrine zone of Lake Qiandao[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(7):2574-2581.
[11]任丽娟,何聃,邢鹏,等.湖泊水体细菌多样性及其生态功能研究进展[J].生物多样性,2013,21(4):421-432.Ren L J,He D,Xing P,et al. Bacterial diversity and ecological function in lake water bodies[J]. Biodiversity Science,2013,21(4):421-432.
[12]钱玮,范竟成,王金虎,等.东太湖地区湿地水质与浮游细菌群落结构关联性研究[J].生物技术,2017,27(1):85-91.Qian W,Fan J C,Wang J H,et al. Correlation analysis of water quality and the community structure of planktonic bacteria in the wetlands around eastern Lake Tai[J]. Biotechnology,2017,27(1):85-91.
[13] Paerl H W,Dyble J,Moisander P H,et al. Microbial indicators of aquatic ecosystem change:Current applications to eutrophication studies[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2003,46(3):233-246.
[14] Yu Z,Yang J,Zhou J,et al. Water stratification affects the microeukaryotic community in a subtropical deep reservoir[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2014,61(2):126-133.
[15] Wang L N, Yu Z, Yang J, et al. Diazotrophic bacterial community variability in a subtropical deep reservoir is correlated with seasonal changes in nitrogen[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(24):19695-19705.
[16] Yang X,Huang T L,Zhang H H. Effects of seasonal thermal stratification on the functional diversity and composition of the microbial community in a drinking water reservoir[J]. Water,2015,7(10):5525-5546.
[17]李钟顺,陈永灿,刘昭伟,等.密云水库水温分布特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2012,52(6):798-803.Li Z S, Chen Y C, Liu Z W, et al. Water temperature distribution in the Miyun Reservoir[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2012,52(6):798-803.
[18]韩博平.中国水库生态学研究的回顾与展望[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):151-160.Han B P. Reservoir ecology and limnology in China:A retrospective comment[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(2):151-160.
[19]刘明亮,吴志旭,何剑波,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)热力学状况及热力分层研究[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):447-454.Liu M L, Wu Z X, He J B, et al. Thermodynamics and stratification in Xin'anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao)[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(3):447-454.
[20]刘洋,陈永娟,王晓燕,等.人类活动对河流沉积物中反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化菌群落特征的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3677-3688.Liu Y,Chen Y J,Wang X Y,et al. Influences of anthropogenic activities on the community structure of N-DAMO bacteria in the North canal[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3677-3688.
[21]于洋,王晓燕,张鹏飞.北运河水体浮游细菌群落的空间分布特征及其与水质的关系[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):337-344.Yu Y,Wang X Y,Zhang P F. Spatial distribution of planktonic bacterial community and its relationship to water quality in Beiyun River[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):337-344.
[22] Li M,Cao H L,Hong Y G,et al. Spatial distribution and abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and ammoniaoxidizing bacteria(AOB)in mangrove sediments[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,89(4):1243-1254.
[23] Burt W V. Verification of water temperature forecasts for deep,stratified reservoirs[J]. Water Resources Research,1974,10(1):93-97.
[24] Samad M S,Bertilsson S. Seasonal variation in abundance and diversity of bacterial methanotrophs in five temperate lakes[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:142.
[25]王银珠,濮培民.抚仙湖水温跃层的初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,1982,(4):1-9.Wang Y Z,Pu P M. Preliminary study on the thermocline in Fuxian Lake[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1982,(4):1-9.
[26] Kirillin G.,Shatwell T. Generalized scaling of seasonal thermal stratification in lakes[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2016,161:179-190.
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