城市边缘区生态承载力时空分异研究——以甘井子区为例
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摘要
以大连市甘井子区为例,利用1998年的土地利用数据和2003年、2007年、2013年的SPOT5遥感数据等多元数据,运用状态空间表征生态承载力量值的计量方法,计算了城市边缘区的社区生态承载力,并研究了甘井子区1998—2013年生态承载力的时空分异特征。结果表明:(1)时间上,1998—2013年,甘井子区整体的生态承载力呈现先快后慢的下降趋势,生态状态呈现出从优秀向良好,再向一般过渡的阶段特征。(2)空间上,甘井子区整体的生态承载力等级东西部差异明显,呈现出相同承载力等级小范围聚集和相近承载力等级间穿插分布的特征。(3)甘井子区内部各社区生态承载力程度差异明显。靠近市区的社区生态承载力15年间变化显著,生态承载程度迅速下降,远离市区的部分社区生态承载力变化不大,生态环境保持良好以上的状态。
Since the 20 th century, the rapid growth of population, the over-exploitation of natural resources, and environmental pollution have severely restricted regional social and economic development. There is a gradual realization that the sustainable development of human society is closely related to the health of the ecosystem. The key to solve ecological deterioration is to study the ecological carrying capacity. In the context of rapid urbanization, urban space is constantly expanding to the urban fringe areas. In turn, the ecological problems in the urban fringe areas are prominent. As the "twelfth five-year" period of the rapid advance of Dalian global urbanization, the sustainable development of environment, economy, and society in urban fringe areas will be the focus of Dalian ecological livable city construction. It is of great practical significance to solve and attach importance to the problem of ecological carrying capacity in Ganjingzi District, where urban and rural areas merge. In this milieu, we studied the specific characteristics of ecological carrying capacity of Ganjingzi District. It can provide reference to evaluate and plan ecological carrying capacity in Liaoning Province and the national urban fringe of China. From the national perspective, the spatial expansion of most large-and medium-sized cities is very strong, and the ecological carrying capacity problems in urban fringe areas are widespread. Moreover, the ecological carrying capacity in urban fringe areas is not fully understood and excavated. It has important reference value for decisions pertaining to the development and utilization of urban fringe areas in the future, by combining with the regional development strategy of Ganjingzi District and overall planning goals of Dalian. Herein, the characteristics of ecological carrying capacity of urban fringe areas in China were studied based on the actual situation of Ganjingzi District. We aimed to improve the construction of Dalian and the ecological environment service. From the land use data of 1998 and the remote sensing data of 2003, 2007, and 2013 SPOT5, we used the data on ecological carrying capacity, which is represented by the state space, to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of community in urban fringe areas. The temporal and spatial differences in the ecological carrying capacity of Ganjingzi District of Dalian from 1998 to 2013 were also studied. The results obtained were reasonable. The results showed the following.(1) In terms of time, from the overall trend of ecological carrying capacity of urban fringe areas, the ecological carrying capacity of Ganjingzi District decreased rapidly from 1998 to 2013, and the ecological state showed three different stages.(2) In terms of space, from the level of ecological carrying capacity of urban fringe areas, the ecological carrying capacity of semi-urbanized areas showed the characteristics of interdisciplinary distribution between the eastern and western regions, similarity between the same bearing capacity, and similarity in the bearing capacity.(3) From the perspective of community difference in the ecological state of urban fringe areas, the ecological carrying capacity of the communities within the Ganjingzi District was significantly different. The ecological carrying capacity of the community near the urban area has changed significantly during the last 15 years, and the ecological carrying capacity has decreased rapidly. The ecological carrying capacity of some communities away from the urban area has changed marginally and the ecological environment is well maintained.
Since the 20 th century, the rapid growth of population, the over-exploitation of natural resources, and environmental pollution have severely restricted regional social and economic development. There is a gradual realization that the sustainable development of human society is closely related to the health of the ecosystem. The key to solve ecological deterioration is to study the ecological carrying capacity. In the context of rapid urbanization, urban space is constantly expanding to the urban fringe areas. In turn, the ecological problems in the urban fringe areas are prominent. As the "twelfth five-year" period of the rapid advance of Dalian global urbanization, the sustainable development of environment, economy, and society in urban fringe areas will be the focus of Dalian ecological livable city construction. It is of great practical significance to solve and attach importance to the problem of ecological carrying capacity in Ganjingzi District, where urban and rural areas merge. In this milieu, we studied the specific characteristics of ecological carrying capacity of Ganjingzi District. It can provide reference to evaluate and plan ecological carrying capacity in Liaoning Province and the national urban fringe of China. From the national perspective, the spatial expansion of most large-and medium-sized cities is very strong, and the ecological carrying capacity problems in urban fringe areas are widespread. Moreover, the ecological carrying capacity in urban fringe areas is not fully understood and excavated. It has important reference value for decisions pertaining to the development and utilization of urban fringe areas in the future, by combining with the regional development strategy of Ganjingzi District and overall planning goals of Dalian. Herein, the characteristics of ecological carrying capacity of urban fringe areas in China were studied based on the actual situation of Ganjingzi District. We aimed to improve the construction of Dalian and the ecological environment service. From the land use data of 1998 and the remote sensing data of 2003, 2007, and 2013 SPOT5, we used the data on ecological carrying capacity, which is represented by the state space, to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of community in urban fringe areas. The temporal and spatial differences in the ecological carrying capacity of Ganjingzi District of Dalian from 1998 to 2013 were also studied. The results obtained were reasonable. The results showed the following.(1) In terms of time, from the overall trend of ecological carrying capacity of urban fringe areas, the ecological carrying capacity of Ganjingzi District decreased rapidly from 1998 to 2013, and the ecological state showed three different stages.(2) In terms of space, from the level of ecological carrying capacity of urban fringe areas, the ecological carrying capacity of semi-urbanized areas showed the characteristics of interdisciplinary distribution between the eastern and western regions, similarity between the same bearing capacity, and similarity in the bearing capacity.(3) From the perspective of community difference in the ecological state of urban fringe areas, the ecological carrying capacity of the communities within the Ganjingzi District was significantly different. The ecological carrying capacity of the community near the urban area has changed significantly during the last 15 years, and the ecological carrying capacity has decreased rapidly. The ecological carrying capacity of some communities away from the urban area has changed marginally and the ecological environment is well maintained.
引文
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[20] 王雅敬, 谢炳庚, 李晓青, 赵卫权, 王金艳, 罗海波. 喀斯特地区耕地生态承载力供需平衡. 生态学报, 2017, 37(21): 7030- 7038.
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[22] 王长建, 杜宏茹, 张小雷, 汪菲, 张利, 李雪梅. 塔里木河流域相对资源承载力. 生态学报, 2015, 35(9): 2880- 2893.
[23] 蔡海生, 朱德海, 张学玲, 赵小敏. 鄱阳湖自然保护区生态承载力. 生态学报, 2007, 27(11): 4751- 4757.
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[26] 潘洪义, 朱晚秋, 崔绿叶, 冯茂秋, 朱芳. 成都市人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力空间分布差异. 生态学报, 2017, 37(19): 6335- 6345.
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[33] Sullivan W C, Lovell S T. Improving the visual quality of commercial development at the rural-urban fringe. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006, 77(1/2): 152- 166.
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[36] 于伯华, 吕昌河. 城市边缘区耕地面积变化时空特征及其驱动机制——以北京市顺义区为例. 地理科学, 2008, 28(3): 348- 353.
[37] 王海鹰, 张新长, 赵元. 基于逻辑回归模型的城市边缘区界定方法研究. 测绘通报, 2010, (10): 7- 10.
[38] 武进, 马清亮. 城市边缘区空间结构演化的机制分析. 城市规划, 1990, (2): 38- 42, 64- 64.
[39] 涂人猛. 城市边缘区——它的概念、空间演变机制和发展模式. 城市问题, 1991, (4): 9- 12.
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[2] Eugene P. Odum, Gary W. B. Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1971.
[3] Xu L Y, Xie X D. Theoretic research on the relevant concepts of urban ecosystem carrying capacity. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 13: 863- 872.
[4] Dang X H, Liu G B. Emergy measures of carrying capacity and sustainability of a target region for an ecological restoration programme: a case study in Loess Hilly Region, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012, 102: 55- 64.
[5] Moore J, Kissinger M, Rees W E. An urban metabolism and ecological footprint assessment of Metro Vancouver. Journal of Environmental Management, 2013, 124: 51- 61.
[6] 岳东霞, 杜军, 刘俊艳, 郭建军, 张佳静, 马金辉. 基于RS和转移矩阵的泾河流域生态承载力时空动态评价. 生态学报, 2011, 31(9): 2550- 2558.
[7] 董成森, 陈端吕, 董明辉, 邹冬生, 熊鹰. 武陵源风景区生态承载力预警. 生态学报, 2007, 27(11): 4766- 4776.
[8] 王保利, 李永宏. 基于旅游生态足迹模型的西安市旅游可持续发展评估. 生态学报, 2007, 27(11): 4777- 4784.
[9] 甄翌, 康文星. 生态足迹模型在区域旅游可持续发展评价中的改进. 生态学报, 2008, 28(11): 5401- 5409.
[10] 杨屹, 加涛. 21世纪以来陕西生态足迹和承载力变化. 生态学报, 2015, 35(24): 7987- 7997.
[11] Krausmann F, Haberl H, Erb K H, Wiesinger M, Gaube N, Gingrich S. What determines geographical patterns of the global human appropriation of net primary production? Journal of Land Use Science, 2009, 4(1/2): 15- 33.
[12] 杨艳, 牛建明, 张庆, 张艳楠. 基于生态足迹的半干旱草原区生态承载力与可持续发展研究——以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为例. 生态学报, 2011, 31(17): 5096- 5104.
[13] 施开放, 刁承泰, 孙秀锋, 左太安. 基于耕地生态足迹的重庆市耕地生态承载力供需平衡研究. 生态学报, 2013, 33(6): 1872- 1880.
[14] Lee S E, Braithwaite P, Leach J M, Rogers C D F. A comparison of energy systems in Birmingham, UK, with Masdar City, an embryonic city in Abu Dhabi Emirate. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 65: 1299- 1309.
[15] Frussa-Filho R, Fukushiro D F, De Lima Patti C, Marinho E A V, Kameda S R, Carvalho R C. Assessment of motor function in rodents: behavioral models sharing simplicity and multifaceted applicability//Andersen M L, Tufik S, eds. Rodent Model as Tools in Ethical Biomedical Research. Cham: Springer, 2016: 493- 457.
[16] Agostinho F, Pereira L. Support area as an indicator of environmental load: comparison between Embodied Energy, Ecological Footprint, and Emergy Accounting methods. Ecological Indicators, 2013, 24: 494- 503.
[17] Zhang Z, Lu W X, Zhao Y, Song W B. Development tendency analysis and evaluation of the water ecological carrying capacity in the Siping area of Jilin Province in China based on system dynamics and analytic hierarchy process. Ecological Modelling, 2014, 275: 9- 21.
[18] 纪学朋, 白永平, 杜海波, 王军邦, 周亮. 甘肃省生态承载力空间定量评价及耦合协调性. 生态学报, 2017, 37(17): 5861- 5870.
[19] 张盛, 王铁宇, 张红, 李奇锋, 周云桥, 宋帅. 多元驱动下水生态承载力评价方法与应用——以京津冀地区为例. 生态学报, 2017, 37(12): 4159- 4168.
[20] 王雅敬, 谢炳庚, 李晓青, 赵卫权, 王金艳, 罗海波. 喀斯特地区耕地生态承载力供需平衡. 生态学报, 2017, 37(21): 7030- 7038.
[21] Liu H M. Comprehensive carrying capacity of the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Habitat International, 2012, 36(4): 462- 470.
[22] 王长建, 杜宏茹, 张小雷, 汪菲, 张利, 李雪梅. 塔里木河流域相对资源承载力. 生态学报, 2015, 35(9): 2880- 2893.
[23] 蔡海生, 朱德海, 张学玲, 赵小敏. 鄱阳湖自然保护区生态承载力. 生态学报, 2007, 27(11): 4751- 4757.
[24] 金悦, 陆兆华, 檀菲菲, 张萌, 张红玉. 典型资源型城市生态承载力评价——以唐山市为例. 生态学报, 2015, 35(14): 4852- 4859.
[25] 顾康康, 储金龙, 汪勇政. 基于遥感的煤炭型矿业城市土地利用与生态承载力时空变化分析. 生态学报, 2014, 34(20): 5714- 5720.
[26] 潘洪义, 朱晚秋, 崔绿叶, 冯茂秋, 朱芳. 成都市人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力空间分布差异. 生态学报, 2017, 37(19): 6335- 6345.
[27] 张晓军. 国外城市边缘区研究发展的回顾及启示. 国外城市规划, 2005, 20(4): 72- 75.
[28] Pryor R J. Defining the rural-urban fringe. Social Forces, 1968, 47(2): 201- 215.
[29] Golledge R G. Sydney′s metropolitan fringe: a study in urban-rural relations. Australian Geographer, 1960, 7(6): 243- 255.
[30] 顾朝林, 陈田, 丁金宏, 虞蔚. 中国大城市边缘区特性研究. 地理学报, 1993, 48(4): 317- 328.
[31] Conzen M R G. Alnwick Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), 1960, (27): 1- 122.
[32] Erickson R A. The evolution of the suburban space economy. Urban Geography, 1983, 4(2): 95- 121.
[33] Sullivan W C, Lovell S T. Improving the visual quality of commercial development at the rural-urban fringe. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006, 77(1/2): 152- 166.
[34] Garreau J. Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. New York: Doubleday, 1992: 103- 103.
[35] 张建明, 许学强. 城乡边缘带研究的回顾与展望. 人文地理, 1997, 12(3): 9- 12, 37- 37.
[36] 于伯华, 吕昌河. 城市边缘区耕地面积变化时空特征及其驱动机制——以北京市顺义区为例. 地理科学, 2008, 28(3): 348- 353.
[37] 王海鹰, 张新长, 赵元. 基于逻辑回归模型的城市边缘区界定方法研究. 测绘通报, 2010, (10): 7- 10.
[38] 武进, 马清亮. 城市边缘区空间结构演化的机制分析. 城市规划, 1990, (2): 38- 42, 64- 64.
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