Cr-Mo钢管性能和制造质量控制要求评述(续)
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摘要
低合金Cr-Mo钢具有良好的高温强度、抗蠕变、抗氧化及耐腐蚀等综合性能,是石油工业及发电设备中高温高压管道和锅炉用钢的首选钢种。此类钢管服役条件苛刻,制造质量控制要求很高,稍有不慎可能造成使用中的灾难性事故。针对Cr-Mo钢管在工程应用中的重要性,介绍了CrMo钢的成分设计、组织性能特征、蠕变强化和劣化、成形加工的影响、焊接性和剩余寿命评估等,并对其制造质量控制要求进行了评述。文章指出, Cr-Mo钢的化学成分特点决定了其具有高的可淬硬性和优良高温力学性能,但也造成其加工性能和焊接性能的变差。Cr-Mo钢焊接裂纹敏感性较高,特别是高温长时间服役中蠕变过程引起的焊接热影响区临界区的孔洞型劣化,是Cr-Mo钢管工程化应用的致命弱点。因此,防止和延缓这一劣化过程应该成为Cr-Mo钢管成分设计和加工过程质量控制的研究重点。
Cr-Mo steels which has high-temperature good comprehensive performance, such as high temperature strength,resistance to creep, oxidation and corrosion. It is the first steel of choice for high temperature and high pressure pipelines and boilers in the petroleum industry and power generation equipment. Service environment of the pipe are very critical, and their manufacturing requirement are very high, if a small carelessness in manufacturing process may be creating a big hidden danger to catastrophic failures in their service. In view of the importance of Cr-Mo steel pipe in engineering application, the composition design, microstructure and performance characteristics, creep strengthening and deterioration of Cr-Mo steel,influence of forming process, weldability and residual life assessment are introduced, and the manufacture quality control requirements of Cr-Mo steel pipe were reviewed. The article points out that the chemical composition of Cr-Mo steel determines its high hardenability and excellent high temperature mechanical properties, but also causes its processing properties and welding properties to deteriorate. Cr-Mo steel has high welding crack sensitivity, especially the hole type deterioration in the critical area of welding heat affected zone caused by creep process during long-term service in high temperature, which is a weak point in the engineering application of Cr-Mo steel pipe. Therefore, preventing and delaying this degradation process should be the focus of research on the quality control elements of Cr-Mo steel tube composition design and processing.
Cr-Mo steels which has high-temperature good comprehensive performance, such as high temperature strength,resistance to creep, oxidation and corrosion. It is the first steel of choice for high temperature and high pressure pipelines and boilers in the petroleum industry and power generation equipment. Service environment of the pipe are very critical, and their manufacturing requirement are very high, if a small carelessness in manufacturing process may be creating a big hidden danger to catastrophic failures in their service. In view of the importance of Cr-Mo steel pipe in engineering application, the composition design, microstructure and performance characteristics, creep strengthening and deterioration of Cr-Mo steel,influence of forming process, weldability and residual life assessment are introduced, and the manufacture quality control requirements of Cr-Mo steel pipe were reviewed. The article points out that the chemical composition of Cr-Mo steel determines its high hardenability and excellent high temperature mechanical properties, but also causes its processing properties and welding properties to deteriorate. Cr-Mo steel has high welding crack sensitivity, especially the hole type deterioration in the critical area of welding heat affected zone caused by creep process during long-term service in high temperature, which is a weak point in the engineering application of Cr-Mo steel pipe. Therefore, preventing and delaying this degradation process should be the focus of research on the quality control elements of Cr-Mo steel tube composition design and processing.
引文
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[15]LALA K,CHANDRAVATHI K S,PARAMESWARANP,et al.Characterization of microstructures across the HAZ of the modified 9Cr-1Mo weld joint to understand its role in promoting type IV cracking[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2007,18A(1):58-67.
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[22]何德孚.焊接与连接工程系导论[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1997.
[2]AMIR A S,SUSAN J.Structure Alloys for Power Plants:Operational Challenges and High-temperature Materials[M].Cambridge:University of Cambridge,2014.
[3]GIANFRANCESCO A.Materials for Ultra-supercritical and Advanced Ultra-supercritical Power Plants[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Ltd.,2017.
[4]ABSON D J,ROTHWELL J S.Review of type IV cracking of weldments in 9-12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steels[J].International Materials Reviews,2013(6):437-473.
[5]DUPONT J N,SIEFERT J A,SHINGLEDECKER J P.Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Grades 23 and 24 creep strength enhanced ferritic steels[J].Materials Reviews,2016,62(1):32-56.
[6]CAMINADA S,CIPOLLA G,CUMINO A.Ferritic and austenitic grades for new generation of steam power plants[C]//Advances in materials technology for fossil power plants proceedings from the fifth International conference.Marco Island,Florida:A S M Intemational,2008.
[7]GAND D,SHINGLEDECKER J.Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants[M].Marco Island,Florida:A S M Intemational,2014.
[8]ERTEN D T,NGUYEN T T,JEONG T M,et al.Creep deformation and rupture behaviour of service exposed P91 weld and base steel measured by miniature tensile creep testing[J].Materials at High Temperature,2017,34(5-6):425-433.
[9]NONAKA I,ITO T,TAKEMASA F,et al.Full size internal pressure creep test for welded P91 hot reheat elbow[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping2007,84(1):97-103.
[10]KOMAI N,TOKIYOSHI T,IGARI T,et al.Experimental observation of creep damage evolution in seam-welded elbows of mod 9Cr-1Mo steel[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2016,33(6):617-625.
[11]API.Technical report 938-B:use of G.91 steel in the oil refining industry[R].USA:API,2000.
[12]WRIGHT I G,DOOLEY R B.A review of the oxidation behaviour of structural alloys in steam[J].Metallurgical Reviews,2010,55(3):129-167.
[13]SCHUTZE M,SCHMIDT G T,NAJI A.Oxidation-relation life-time assessment using the new ISO standard ISO21608:2012 and ISO 26146:2012[J].Materials and Corrosion,2016,67(1):13-25.
[14]SIEFERT J A,PARKER J D.Evaluation of the creep cavitation behaviour in G 91steels[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping,2016(138):31-44.
[15]LALA K,CHANDRAVATHI K S,PARAMESWARANP,et al.Characterization of microstructures across the HAZ of the modified 9Cr-1Mo weld joint to understand its role in promoting type IV cracking[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2007,18A(1):58-67.
[16]WANG Y,LI L.Microstructure evolution of FGHAZ in type IV failure of P91 weld[J].Welding Journal,2016,95(1):27-36.
[17]ASME-PVP.Proceedings of the Recent Developments in Chinese Codes and Standards:ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division conference[M].Toronto:[s.l.]2012.
[18]HIBBELER R C.Statics and Mechanics of Materials[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
[19]MOTT R L,UNTENER J A.Applied Strength of Materials[M].USA:CRC Press,2017.
[20]ASM.Metal Handbook Feck Edition[M].USA:ASM int,1998.
[21]ABE F,TABUCHI M,KONDO M,et al.Suppression of Type IV fracture and improvement of creep strength of9Cr steel welded joints by boron addition[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping,2007(1):44-52.
[22]何德孚.焊接与连接工程系导论[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1997.