对称纤芯-包层光子晶体光纤的耦合特性
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摘要
提出了一种新型对称纤芯-包层结构的光子晶体光纤,其截面由两组沿截面中心完全对称的纤芯-包层结构组成。对一组纤芯-包层结构的所有空气孔进行填充乙醇液体,利用填充液折射率的温度敏感性,来调制两纤芯之间的耦合特性。采用有限元法数值分析了该型光纤双芯不同结构参数及-20～70℃之间温度变化时的耦合特性。结果显示该型光纤双芯之间的耦合对温度具有高度敏感度,具有极短的耦合长度,在波长为1550 nm处耦合长度仅为55. 00μm,且可实现超短长度、高消光比偏振分束特性,长度为198μm时消光比达到84. 45 d B。该型光纤可以制作成性能很好的温度传感器和偏振分束器。
A novel symmetric core cladding structure photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed in the paper. The crosssection is composed of two groups of core cladding structures,which are completely symmetrical along the center of the section. All the air holes of a group of core cladding structures were filled with ethanol liquid,and the mode coupling properties between two cores are modulated by using the temperature sensitivity of the refractive index of the filled liquid. The mode coupling characteristics of the proposed PCF under different structure parameters and different temperature range from-20 ℃ to 70 ℃ are numerically investigated by using the full-vector finite element method. The calculations show that the mode coupling between the two cores is highly sensitive to temperature and has a very short coupling length,which is only 55. 00 μm at the wavelength of 1550 nm,and the polarization splitting characteristics of short length and high extinction ratio can be realized,which can reach 84. 45 d B with a length of 198 μm the proposed PCF at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed PCF can be used to make temperature sensor and polarization beam splitter.
A novel symmetric core cladding structure photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed in the paper. The crosssection is composed of two groups of core cladding structures,which are completely symmetrical along the center of the section. All the air holes of a group of core cladding structures were filled with ethanol liquid,and the mode coupling properties between two cores are modulated by using the temperature sensitivity of the refractive index of the filled liquid. The mode coupling characteristics of the proposed PCF under different structure parameters and different temperature range from-20 ℃ to 70 ℃ are numerically investigated by using the full-vector finite element method. The calculations show that the mode coupling between the two cores is highly sensitive to temperature and has a very short coupling length,which is only 55. 00 μm at the wavelength of 1550 nm,and the polarization splitting characteristics of short length and high extinction ratio can be realized,which can reach 84. 45 d B with a length of 198 μm the proposed PCF at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed PCF can be used to make temperature sensor and polarization beam splitter.
引文
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[17] LI Haitao,WANG Xiaoliang,SHE Lijuan,et al. Dual-core photonic crystal fiber for hydrostatic pressure sensing[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(7):0706007-0706012.(in Chinese)李海涛,王晓亮,折丽娟,等.用于液压传感的双芯光子晶体光纤[J].光子学报,2017,46(7):0706007-0706012.
[18] Sun Bing,Chen Mingyang,Zhang Yongkang,et al. Polarization-dependent coupling characteristics of metal-wire filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber[J]. Opt Quant Electron,2015,47(2):441-451.
[19] LI Xuyou,XU Zhenlong,LIU Pan,et al. Short polarization splitter based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber with ultra-high extinction ratio[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(6):0605006-0605011.(in Chinese)李绪友,许振龙,刘攀,凌卫伟等.短长度超高消光比双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器[J].中国激光,2015,42(6):0605006-0605011.
[20] GUO Shiliang,HU Chunhai,HUANG Hui,et al. Analysis of coupling characteristics of dual-core photonic crystal fibers based on tellurite glass[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(1):0106001-0106006.(in Chinese)郭士亮,胡春海,黄惠,等.全碲玻璃双芯光子晶体光纤耦合特性研究[J].光子学报,2015,44(1):0106001-0106006.
[21] BAI Yukun,WANG Biao. Polarization splitter based on dual-core photonic crystal fibers with gold wire[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(7):0723001-0723007.(in Chinese)白育堃,王彪.基于金线填充的双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器[J].光子学报,2017,46(7):0723001-0723007.
[22] LI Xujin,YU Yongqin,HONG Xueming,et al. Analysis on temperature sensing properties of photonic crystal fiber based on liquid filling[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2009,36(5):1110-1114.(in Chinese)李学金,于永芹,洪学明,等.基于液体填充的光子晶体光纤温度传感特性分析[J].中国激光,2009,36(5):1110-1114.
[2] Wang L,Lou S,Chen W,Li H. Design of a single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber with a nearGaussian mode field and wide bandwidth[J]. Appl. Opt.,2010,49(32):6196-6200.
[3] WANG Bing,MA Xiaojun,YANG Huajun,et al. Study on dispersion characteristics of photonic crystal fiber[J]. Laser&Infrared,2014,44(3):302-305.(in Chinese)王冰,马晓军,杨华军,江萍.光子晶体光纤的色散特性研究[J].激光与红外,2014,44(3):302-305.
[4] WANG Runxuan. Numerical study of nonlinear propagation in photonic crystal fiber[J]. Laser&Infrared,2009,39(6):622-625.(in Chinese)王润轩.光子晶体光纤中非线性传输的数值研究[J].激光与红外,2009,39(6):622-625.
[5] Dong X,Tam H Y,Shum P. Temperature-insensitive strain sensor with polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber based on Sagnac interferometer[J]. Appl. Phys.Lett.,2007,90(15):151113-151115.
[6] Kim H M,Kim T H,Kim B,Chung Y. Enhanced transverse load sensitivity by using a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with larger air holes on one axis[J].Appl. Opt.,2010,49(20):3841-3845.
[7] Ritari T,Tuominen J,Ludvigsen H,et al. Gas sensing using air-guiding photonic crystal bandgap fibers[J]. Opt.Express,2004,12(17):4080-4087.
[8] Rindorf L,Jensen J B,Dufva M,et al. Photonic crystal fiber long-period gratings for biochemical sensing[J]. Opt.Express,2006,14(18):8224-8231.
[9] BING Pibin,YAO Jianquan,HUANG Xiaohui,et al. Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on near-panda cladding photonic crystal fiber[J]. Laser&Infrared,2011,41(7):784-787.(in Chinese)邴丕彬,姚建铨,黄晓慧等.表面等离子体共振类熊猫型光子晶体光纤传感器[J].激光与红外,2011,41(7):784-787.
[10] Naeem K,Kim B H,Chung Y,Kim B. Temperature sensitivity of the inline interferometer based on a two-core photonic crystal fiber selectively filled with polymer[J]. Asiapacific Optical Sensors Conference,2015,9655(3):186-189.
[11] Naeem K,Kim B H,Kim B,et al. High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on a selectively-polymer-filled two-core photonic crystal fiber in-line interferometer[J]. Ieee Sensors Journal,2015,15(7):3998-4003.
[12] Hou Maoxiang,Wang Ying,Liu Shuhui,et al. Multi-components interferometer based on partially filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber for temperature and strain sensing[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2016,16(16):6192-6196.
[13] BAI Yukun,MA Ying,WEI Renxiao. A dual-core photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance characteristics of Ti N[J]. ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA,2016,45(8):0806001-0806006.(in Chinese)白育堃,马颖,魏仁霄.基于氮化钛薄膜表面等离子体共振特性的双芯光子晶体光纤温度传感器[J].光子学报,2016,45(8):0806001-0806006.
[14] Naeem Khurram,Kwon I B,Chung Youngjoo. Multibeam interferometer using a photonic crystal fiber with two asymmetric cores for torsion,strain and temperature Sensing[J]. Sensors,2017,17(1):132-141.
[15] Hu Gufeng,Chen Daru,Jiang Xiaogang. Side-hole twocore microstructured optical fiber for hydrostatic pressure sensing[J]. Applied Optics,2012,51(20):4867-4872.
[16] LU Jiantao,WANG Chunming,ZHU Chenghao,et al. Dual-core photonic crystal fiber transverse-stress sensor based on surface plasmon resonance[J]. ACTA OPTICA SINICA,2017,37(8):0828002-0828009.(in Chinese)吕健滔,王春明,朱晟昦,等.基于表面等离子体共振的双芯光子晶体光纤横向应力传感器[J].光学学报,2017,37(8):0828002-0828009.
[17] LI Haitao,WANG Xiaoliang,SHE Lijuan,et al. Dual-core photonic crystal fiber for hydrostatic pressure sensing[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(7):0706007-0706012.(in Chinese)李海涛,王晓亮,折丽娟,等.用于液压传感的双芯光子晶体光纤[J].光子学报,2017,46(7):0706007-0706012.
[18] Sun Bing,Chen Mingyang,Zhang Yongkang,et al. Polarization-dependent coupling characteristics of metal-wire filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber[J]. Opt Quant Electron,2015,47(2):441-451.
[19] LI Xuyou,XU Zhenlong,LIU Pan,et al. Short polarization splitter based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber with ultra-high extinction ratio[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(6):0605006-0605011.(in Chinese)李绪友,许振龙,刘攀,凌卫伟等.短长度超高消光比双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器[J].中国激光,2015,42(6):0605006-0605011.
[20] GUO Shiliang,HU Chunhai,HUANG Hui,et al. Analysis of coupling characteristics of dual-core photonic crystal fibers based on tellurite glass[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(1):0106001-0106006.(in Chinese)郭士亮,胡春海,黄惠,等.全碲玻璃双芯光子晶体光纤耦合特性研究[J].光子学报,2015,44(1):0106001-0106006.
[21] BAI Yukun,WANG Biao. Polarization splitter based on dual-core photonic crystal fibers with gold wire[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(7):0723001-0723007.(in Chinese)白育堃,王彪.基于金线填充的双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器[J].光子学报,2017,46(7):0723001-0723007.
[22] LI Xujin,YU Yongqin,HONG Xueming,et al. Analysis on temperature sensing properties of photonic crystal fiber based on liquid filling[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2009,36(5):1110-1114.(in Chinese)李学金,于永芹,洪学明,等.基于液体填充的光子晶体光纤温度传感特性分析[J].中国激光,2009,36(5):1110-1114.