综采工作面煤壁稳定性的支架刚度效应分析
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摘要
由于煤层应力环境不同,煤壁存在剪切和拉伸两种破坏机理,将煤壁破坏划分为上部片帮、下部片帮、整体片帮和大范围塑性流动4种破坏形式.顶板、煤壁和支架共同形成保护工作面空间的围岩结构系统,顶板载荷由煤壁和支架共同承担,载荷分配特征由系统组分刚度决定.构建"顶板-煤壁-支架"结构力学模型,采用最小势能原理得到煤壁垂直变形量和作用于煤壁之上的实际顶板载荷.定义煤壁稳定性系数为煤壁极限承载能力同实际煤壁压力之比.设计不同支架刚度条件下煤壁稳定性分析的物理模拟实验,实现煤壁水平变形和垂直变形的同时监测.结果表明:煤壁稳定性系数随着支架刚度的增大而升高,从而使得煤壁稳定性增强;煤壁上部水平变形大于下部水平变形,煤壁水平和垂直变形量随着支架刚度的增大而减小.将提高支架刚度的措施应用于乌兰木伦矿,使得顶板最大下沉量由0.90m降低至0.65m,煤壁片帮控制效果良好.
According to different stress environment of coal seam,failure mechanisms of longwall face were classified into two types,including fail in shear and fail in tension.Failure modes of the longwall face were divided into four types:upper,lower,integral and plastic flow patterns.Roof,coal wall and support were composed of the surrounding rock structure system of the longwall face.Roof load was carried by the coal wall and support.Assignment feature of the load depends on the stiffness of system elements.Mechanical model for"roof-coal wall-support"system was established.Vertical deformation and actual load exerting on the coal wall was obtained.Stability coefficient of coal wall was defined as the ratio of limit bearing capacity to actual roof load.Physical simlation experiments for coal wall stability analysis with different support stiffness were designed.The measurement of both horizontal and vertical deformation of coal wall was realized.The results show that the stability coefficient increases with the growth of support stiffness,which means the stability of coal wall is enhanced.The horizontal deformation of the upper coal wall is greater than that of the lower part.Both horizontal and vertical deformation decreases with the increase of support stiffness.The measure to improve support stiffness was practiced at Wulanmulun coal mine.The maximum vertical displacement of immediate roof drops from 0.90 mto 0.65 m.
According to different stress environment of coal seam,failure mechanisms of longwall face were classified into two types,including fail in shear and fail in tension.Failure modes of the longwall face were divided into four types:upper,lower,integral and plastic flow patterns.Roof,coal wall and support were composed of the surrounding rock structure system of the longwall face.Roof load was carried by the coal wall and support.Assignment feature of the load depends on the stiffness of system elements.Mechanical model for"roof-coal wall-support"system was established.Vertical deformation and actual load exerting on the coal wall was obtained.Stability coefficient of coal wall was defined as the ratio of limit bearing capacity to actual roof load.Physical simlation experiments for coal wall stability analysis with different support stiffness were designed.The measurement of both horizontal and vertical deformation of coal wall was realized.The results show that the stability coefficient increases with the growth of support stiffness,which means the stability of coal wall is enhanced.The horizontal deformation of the upper coal wall is greater than that of the lower part.Both horizontal and vertical deformation decreases with the increase of support stiffness.The measure to improve support stiffness was practiced at Wulanmulun coal mine.The maximum vertical displacement of immediate roof drops from 0.90 mto 0.65 m.
引文
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[19]潘岳,王志强,李爱武.初次断裂期间超前工作面坚硬顶板挠度、弯矩和能量变化的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):32-41.PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,LI Aiwu.Analytic solutions of deflection,bending motion and energy change of tight roof of adwanced working surface during initial fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):32-41.
[20]陈忠辉,谢和平,林忠明.综放开采顶煤冒放性的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1136-1140.CHEN Zhonghui,XIE Heping,LIN Zhongming.Study on falling ability of top coal during top coal caving by damage mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1136-1140.
[2]杨培举,刘长友,吴锋锋.厚煤层大采高采场煤壁的破坏规律与失稳机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):372-377.YANG Peiju,LIU Changyou,WU Fengfeng.Breakage and falling of a high coal face in a thick mined seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(3):372-377.
[3]王家臣.极软厚煤层煤壁片帮与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):785-788.WANG Jiachen.Mechanism of the rib spalling and the controlling in the very soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Sciety,2007,32(8):785-788.
[4]王家臣,王兆会,孔德中.硬煤工作面煤壁破坏与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2243-2250.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui,KONG Dezhong.Failure and prevention mechanism of coal wall in hard coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2243-2250.
[5]王兆会,杨敬虎,孟浩.大采高工作面过断层构造煤壁片帮机理及控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):42-49.WANG Zhaohui,YANG Jinghu,MENG Hao.Mechanism and controlling technology of rib spalling in mining face with large cutting height passing through fault[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):42-49.
[6]王家臣,王蕾,郭尧.基于顶板与煤壁控制的支架阻力的确定[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1619-1624.WANG Jiachen,WANG Lei,GUO Yao.Deteminning the support capacity based on roof and coal wallcontrol[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1619-1624.
[7]王家臣,刘峰,王蕾.煤炭科学开采和开采科学[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2651-2660.WANG Jiachen,LIU Feng,WANG Lei.Determining the support capacity based on roof and coal wallcontrol[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2651-2660.
[8]BAI Qingsheng,TU Shihao,LI Zhaoxin,et al.Theoretical analysis on the deformation characteristics of coal wall in a longwall top coal caving face[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25:199-204.
[9]BAI Qingsheng,TU Shihao,CHEN Min,et al.Numerical modeling of coal wall spall in a longwall face[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,88:242-253.
[10]BAI Q S,TU S H,ZHANG X G,et al.Numerical modeling on brittle failure of coal wall inlongwall face:A case study[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2014,7:5067-5080.
[11]张建国.平煤超千米深井采动应力特征及裂隙演化规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):1041-1049.ZHANG Jianguo.Mining-induced stress characteristics and fracture evolution law of over one kilometer deep Pingdingshan coal mine[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):1041-1049.
[12]孙闯,惠心敏楠,张强.泥岩峰后应变软化行为及围岩-支护结构相互作用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(2):254-260.SUN Chuang,HUI Xinminnan,ZHANG Qiang.Study on the post peak strain softening behavior of mudstone and the interaction between surrounding rockand supporting structure[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(2):254-260.
[13]SREENIVASA R I,DEBASIS D,HEMANT K,et al.Numerical analysis of a longwall mining cycle and development of a composite longwall index[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2016,89:43-54.
[14]康天合,张建平,白世伟.综放开采预注水弱化顶煤的理论研究及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2615-2621.KANG Tianhe,ZHANG Jianping,BAI Shiwei.Theoretical study and application of weaking top coal using water pre-infusion in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2615-2621.
[15]王家臣,杨印朝,孔德中.含夹矸厚煤层大采高仰采煤壁破坏机理与注浆加固技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):831-837.WANG Jiachen,YANG Yinchao,KONG Dezhong.Failure mechanism and grouting reinforcement technique of large mining height coal wall in thick coal seam with dirt band during topple mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):831-837.
[16]孔德中,杨胜利,高林,等.基于煤壁稳定性控制的大采高工作面支架工作阻力确定[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):590-596.KONG Dezhong,YANG Shengli,GAO Lin,et al.Determination of support capacity based on coal facestability control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):590-596.
[17]杨胜利,孔德中,杨敬虎,等.综放仰斜开采煤壁稳定性及注浆加固技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):824-833.YANG Shengli,KONG Dezhong,YANG Jinghu,et al.Coal wall stability and grouting reinforcement technique in fully mechanized caving face during topple mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):824-833.
[18]杨胜利,孔德中.大采高煤壁片帮防治柔性加固机理与应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1361-1367.YANG Shengli,KONG Dezhong.Flexible reinforcement mechanism and its application in the control of spalling at large mining height coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1361-1367.
[19]潘岳,王志强,李爱武.初次断裂期间超前工作面坚硬顶板挠度、弯矩和能量变化的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):32-41.PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,LI Aiwu.Analytic solutions of deflection,bending motion and energy change of tight roof of adwanced working surface during initial fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):32-41.
[20]陈忠辉,谢和平,林忠明.综放开采顶煤冒放性的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1136-1140.CHEN Zhonghui,XIE Heping,LIN Zhongming.Study on falling ability of top coal during top coal caving by damage mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1136-1140.