龙洞山溪鲵的血细胞组成及血红蛋白含量检测
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摘要
血液学指标不仅可以反映动物生理和病理变化,也能体现动物对环境的适应。本文利用血液学方法检测了27尾龙洞山溪鲵(Batrachuperus londongensis)个体的血细胞组成和血红蛋白含量,龙洞山溪鲵血红蛋白平均含量为4.16×10~(-2) g/ml;红细胞卵圆形,细胞核椭圆形位于中央或亚中央,红细胞平均含量为6.04×10~4个/mm3;白细胞数量较少,多为圆形或近圆形,平均含量为2.90×10~3个/mm3;白细胞中淋巴细胞最多,其次为单核细胞、嗜碱性细胞和中性细胞,嗜酸性细胞最少。血液参数中仅中性细胞和嗜碱性细胞的百分比在雌雄之间存在显著差异;头体长、体重和各血液参数的相关性均不显著。同时,将研究结果与其他小鲵科动物的数据进行了比较。本文报道的龙洞山溪鲵血细胞组成和血红蛋白含量的基础数据为其后续的健康监测和诊断以及适应进化的研究提供了基础资料。
Study on the hematology can not only help to understand the physiological and pathological variations of animals, but also detect the adaptation of animals to the environment. However, studies on the hematology of amphibians, especially in the Urodela, are limited. Here, the blood cell composition and hemoglobin concentration of Batrachuperus londongensis were researched in 27 individuals. Comparison between sexes was conducted by Independent-Samples T Test or Mann-Whitney U, and correlations between snout-vent length and body mass(Table 1) and hematological parameters were determined by linear regression. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software. The mean value of hemoglobinconcentration was 4.16 × 10~(-2) g/ml; erythrocytes were oval with ellipsoidal nucleus that was located in the center or eccentric position of the cell(Fig. 1), and mean erythrocyte count was 6.04 × 10~4 cell/mm~3; the number of leucocytes was small, and its mean count was 2.90 × 103 cell/mm3(Table 2). The lymphocytes were richest leucocytes, followed by monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils(Table 2). Among the hematological parameters, only the percentage of neutrophils and basophils showed significant sexual difference. Correlations between snout-vent length, body mass and hematological parameters were not significant(Table 3). Meanwhile, comparison between our results with those of other hynobiid salamanders was carried out. These basic data of blood cell component and hemoglobin concentration reported in this study are useful in the health monitoring and diagnosis, and in understanding the evolution and adaptation of B. londongensis.
Study on the hematology can not only help to understand the physiological and pathological variations of animals, but also detect the adaptation of animals to the environment. However, studies on the hematology of amphibians, especially in the Urodela, are limited. Here, the blood cell composition and hemoglobin concentration of Batrachuperus londongensis were researched in 27 individuals. Comparison between sexes was conducted by Independent-Samples T Test or Mann-Whitney U, and correlations between snout-vent length and body mass(Table 1) and hematological parameters were determined by linear regression. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software. The mean value of hemoglobinconcentration was 4.16 × 10~(-2) g/ml; erythrocytes were oval with ellipsoidal nucleus that was located in the center or eccentric position of the cell(Fig. 1), and mean erythrocyte count was 6.04 × 10~4 cell/mm~3; the number of leucocytes was small, and its mean count was 2.90 × 103 cell/mm3(Table 2). The lymphocytes were richest leucocytes, followed by monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils(Table 2). Among the hematological parameters, only the percentage of neutrophils and basophils showed significant sexual difference. Correlations between snout-vent length, body mass and hematological parameters were not significant(Table 3). Meanwhile, comparison between our results with those of other hynobiid salamanders was carried out. These basic data of blood cell component and hemoglobin concentration reported in this study are useful in the health monitoring and diagnosis, and in understanding the evolution and adaptation of B. londongensis.
引文
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Barriga-Vallejo C B,Hernandez-Gallegos O,Herbing I H V,et al.2015.Assessing population health of the Toluca Axolotl Ambystoma rivulare(Taylor,1940)from México,using leukocyte profiles.Herpetological Conservation and Biology,10(2):592-601.
Davis A K.2008.Ontogenetic changes in erythrocyte morphology in larval mole salamanders,Ambystoma talpoideum,measured with image analysis.Comparative Clinical Pathology,17(1):23-28.
Davis A K.2009.The Wildlife Leukocytes Webpage:The ecologist′s source for information about leukocytes of wildlife species.[DB/OL][2017-05-28].http://wildlifehematology.uga.edu/.
Davis A K,Maerz J C.2008a.Sex-related differences in hematological stress indices of breeding paedomorphic mole salamanders.Journal of Herpetology,42(1):197-201.
Davis A K,Maney D L,Maerz J C.2008b.The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrate:a review for ecologists.Functional Ecology,22(5):760-772.
Duellman W E,Trueb L.1994.Biology of Amphibians.Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Fairbairn D J.1997.Allometry for sexual size dimorphism:Pattern and process in the coevolution of body size in males and females.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28:659-687.
Frost D R.2017.Amphibian Species of the World:an Online Reference.Version 6.0.New York,USA:American Museum of Natural History.[M/OL][2017-03-29].http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.
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Fu J Z,Zeng X M.2008.How many species are in the genus Batrachuperus?A phylogeographical analysis of the stream salamanders(family Hynobiidae)from southwestern China.Molecular Ecology,17(6):1469-1488.
Kuramoto M.1981.Relationships between number size and shape of red blood cells in amphibians.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,69(4):771-775.
Meesawat S,Kitana N,Kitana J.2016.Hematology of wild caught Hoplobatrachus rugulosus in northern Thailand.Asian Herpetological Research,7(2):131-138.
Monge C,Leōn-velarde F.1991.Physiological adaptation to high altitude:Oxygen transport in mammals and birds.Physiological Reviews,71(4):1135-1173.
Ruiz G,Rosenmann M,Veloso A.1983.Respiratory and hematological adaptations to high altitude in Telmatobius frogs from the Chilean Andes.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,76(1):109-113.
Ruiz G,Rosenmann M,Veloso A.1989.Altitudinal distribution and blood values in the Toad,Bufo spinulosus Wiegmann.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,94(4):643-646.
Sarasola J H,Negro J J,Travaini A.2004.Nutritional condition and serum biochemistry for free-living Swainson′s Hawks wintering in central Argentina.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,137(4):697-701.
Seaman D A,Guglielmo C G,Williams T D.2005.Effects of physiological state,mass change and diet on plasma metabolite profiles in the western sandpiper Calidris mauri.Journal of Experimental Biology,208(4):761-769.
Tok C V,Tosuno?lu M,Ayaz D,et al.2009.Hematology of the Lycian Salamander,Lyciasalamandra fazilae.North-West Journal of Zoology,5(2):321-329.
Vernberg J F.1955.Hematological studies on salamanders in relation to their ecology.Herpetologica,11(2):129-133.
Wells K D.2007.The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
费梁,胡淑琴,叶昌媛,等.2006.中国动物志:两栖纲上卷有尾目.北京:科学出版社.
费梁,叶昌媛,田婉淑.1983.山溪鲵属的分类探讨及一新种的描述.动物分类学报,8(2):209-219.
黄敏毅,张育辉,王宏元.2004.北方山溪鲵外周血细胞的组织学观察.陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,32(3):87-90.
李丹,方盛国,陈冠群.1992.龙洞山溪鲵部分器官组织的扫描电镜观察.四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,(5):120-122.
马德滨.2005.东北小鲵和极北鲵血细胞形态学参数研究.哈尔滨学院学报,26(10):123-124.
马德滨,吴伟峰,魏红.2003.东北小鲵和东方蝾螈血细胞形态学参数研究.高师理科学刊,23(1):44-45.
王丽文.1996.东北小鲵血细胞形态观察及血液检验分析.沈阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,14(3):53-56.
王松,徐景霞.2008.商城肥鲵的血细胞形态观察及血液检验分析.安徽农业科学,36(3):1069-1070.
叶小芳,张佳佳,袁亮,等.2012.新疆北鲵血液学研究.新疆畜牧业,(11):33-36.
郑中华,江建平,谢锋.2005.龙洞山溪鲵精子的超微结构.动物学报,51(4):703-709.
Arikan H,?i?ek K.2014.Haematology of amphibians and reptiles:Areview.North-West Journal of Zoology,10(1):190-209.
Barriga-Vallejo C B,Hernandez-Gallegos O,Herbing I H V,et al.2015.Assessing population health of the Toluca Axolotl Ambystoma rivulare(Taylor,1940)from México,using leukocyte profiles.Herpetological Conservation and Biology,10(2):592-601.
Davis A K.2008.Ontogenetic changes in erythrocyte morphology in larval mole salamanders,Ambystoma talpoideum,measured with image analysis.Comparative Clinical Pathology,17(1):23-28.
Davis A K.2009.The Wildlife Leukocytes Webpage:The ecologist′s source for information about leukocytes of wildlife species.[DB/OL][2017-05-28].http://wildlifehematology.uga.edu/.
Davis A K,Maerz J C.2008a.Sex-related differences in hematological stress indices of breeding paedomorphic mole salamanders.Journal of Herpetology,42(1):197-201.
Davis A K,Maney D L,Maerz J C.2008b.The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrate:a review for ecologists.Functional Ecology,22(5):760-772.
Duellman W E,Trueb L.1994.Biology of Amphibians.Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Fairbairn D J.1997.Allometry for sexual size dimorphism:Pattern and process in the coevolution of body size in males and females.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28:659-687.
Frost D R.2017.Amphibian Species of the World:an Online Reference.Version 6.0.New York,USA:American Museum of Natural History.[M/OL][2017-03-29].http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.
Fu J Z.2003.Asiatic salamanders(Hynobiidae)∥Hutchins M,Duellman W E,Schlager N.Grzimek′s Animal Life Encyclopedia.Amphibians.Vol.6.2nd ed.MI:Gale Group,335-342.
Fu J Z,Zeng X M.2008.How many species are in the genus Batrachuperus?A phylogeographical analysis of the stream salamanders(family Hynobiidae)from southwestern China.Molecular Ecology,17(6):1469-1488.
Kuramoto M.1981.Relationships between number size and shape of red blood cells in amphibians.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,69(4):771-775.
Meesawat S,Kitana N,Kitana J.2016.Hematology of wild caught Hoplobatrachus rugulosus in northern Thailand.Asian Herpetological Research,7(2):131-138.
Monge C,Leōn-velarde F.1991.Physiological adaptation to high altitude:Oxygen transport in mammals and birds.Physiological Reviews,71(4):1135-1173.
Ruiz G,Rosenmann M,Veloso A.1983.Respiratory and hematological adaptations to high altitude in Telmatobius frogs from the Chilean Andes.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,76(1):109-113.
Ruiz G,Rosenmann M,Veloso A.1989.Altitudinal distribution and blood values in the Toad,Bufo spinulosus Wiegmann.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,94(4):643-646.
Sarasola J H,Negro J J,Travaini A.2004.Nutritional condition and serum biochemistry for free-living Swainson′s Hawks wintering in central Argentina.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,137(4):697-701.
Seaman D A,Guglielmo C G,Williams T D.2005.Effects of physiological state,mass change and diet on plasma metabolite profiles in the western sandpiper Calidris mauri.Journal of Experimental Biology,208(4):761-769.
Tok C V,Tosuno?lu M,Ayaz D,et al.2009.Hematology of the Lycian Salamander,Lyciasalamandra fazilae.North-West Journal of Zoology,5(2):321-329.
Vernberg J F.1955.Hematological studies on salamanders in relation to their ecology.Herpetologica,11(2):129-133.
Wells K D.2007.The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
费梁,胡淑琴,叶昌媛,等.2006.中国动物志:两栖纲上卷有尾目.北京:科学出版社.
费梁,叶昌媛,田婉淑.1983.山溪鲵属的分类探讨及一新种的描述.动物分类学报,8(2):209-219.
黄敏毅,张育辉,王宏元.2004.北方山溪鲵外周血细胞的组织学观察.陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,32(3):87-90.
李丹,方盛国,陈冠群.1992.龙洞山溪鲵部分器官组织的扫描电镜观察.四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,(5):120-122.
马德滨.2005.东北小鲵和极北鲵血细胞形态学参数研究.哈尔滨学院学报,26(10):123-124.
马德滨,吴伟峰,魏红.2003.东北小鲵和东方蝾螈血细胞形态学参数研究.高师理科学刊,23(1):44-45.
王丽文.1996.东北小鲵血细胞形态观察及血液检验分析.沈阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,14(3):53-56.
王松,徐景霞.2008.商城肥鲵的血细胞形态观察及血液检验分析.安徽农业科学,36(3):1069-1070.
叶小芳,张佳佳,袁亮,等.2012.新疆北鲵血液学研究.新疆畜牧业,(11):33-36.
郑中华,江建平,谢锋.2005.龙洞山溪鲵精子的超微结构.动物学报,51(4):703-709.