氧化石墨烯还原程度的控制
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摘要
石墨烯作为只有一个原子层厚度的二维碳材料,具有优异的柔韧性、导电性等一系列优点,从而广泛应用于许多领域。氧化还原法是最常用且最有前景的石墨烯制备方法,然而在氧化过程中,大量含氧官能团的生成破坏了石墨烯的共轭结构,因此需要去除含氧官能团得到还原氧化石墨烯,以修复结构、恢复其高导电性。而许多领域运用石墨烯时,既需要其具有高导电性,又有一定量的含氧官能团或缺陷。因此,控制氧化石墨烯的还原程度尤为必要,既要充分利用含氧官能团的优点并保证石墨烯的导电性,又要根据石墨烯的应用需求,得到官能团种类及含量可控的还原氧化石墨烯,从而实现石墨烯材料的多元化应用。本文综述了近年来化学还原法、热还原(包括热退火和水/溶剂热还原)法和电化学还原法控制氧化石墨烯还原程度的研究现状,总结了几种方法的还原机制和效果以及部分还原氧化石墨烯的应用并进行了展望。
Graphene, a two-dimensional material with monoatomic thickness, possesses a series of excellent properties, such as flexibility and electrical conductivity, which makes it widely applied in many fields. Oxidation-reduction method is the most commonly used and promising method for the preparation of graphene. However, large amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl and carbonyl groups, are formed on the planes and edges of the graphene during the oxidation process, which makes its conjugated structure destroyed, causing the excellent electrical conductivity decreased. Consequently, graphene oxide needs to be reduced by removing the oxygen-containing functional groups to recover conjugated structure. Interestingly, graphene-based materials need both a certain amount or types of oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene oxide which determines the characteristic of graphene oxide, chemical activity, hydrophilicity, band gap or defects, etc., and the characteristic of graphene, such as high electrical conductivity, for application in many fields. The control of reduction degree of graphene oxide, obtaining partially reduced graphene oxide, can not only make most use of the merits of oxygen-containing functional groups and ensure enough conductivity, but also obtain the partially reduced graphene oxide with determined types and amount of oxygen-containing functional groups on the requirements of the applications, realizing the diverse applications of graphene, such as adsorption, electroatalysis, photocatalysis, and sensor. The methods for controlling reduction degree of graphene oxide include chemical reduction method, thermal reduction(thermal annealing, hydrothermal and solvethermal reduction) and electrochemical reduction. Herein research progress on the controlling conditions of partially reduced graphene oxide, reduction mechanism and effect, comparison of those reduction methods as well as the applications of partially reduced graphene oxide are reviewed, and current challenges and research directions are also presented.
Graphene, a two-dimensional material with monoatomic thickness, possesses a series of excellent properties, such as flexibility and electrical conductivity, which makes it widely applied in many fields. Oxidation-reduction method is the most commonly used and promising method for the preparation of graphene. However, large amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl and carbonyl groups, are formed on the planes and edges of the graphene during the oxidation process, which makes its conjugated structure destroyed, causing the excellent electrical conductivity decreased. Consequently, graphene oxide needs to be reduced by removing the oxygen-containing functional groups to recover conjugated structure. Interestingly, graphene-based materials need both a certain amount or types of oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene oxide which determines the characteristic of graphene oxide, chemical activity, hydrophilicity, band gap or defects, etc., and the characteristic of graphene, such as high electrical conductivity, for application in many fields. The control of reduction degree of graphene oxide, obtaining partially reduced graphene oxide, can not only make most use of the merits of oxygen-containing functional groups and ensure enough conductivity, but also obtain the partially reduced graphene oxide with determined types and amount of oxygen-containing functional groups on the requirements of the applications, realizing the diverse applications of graphene, such as adsorption, electroatalysis, photocatalysis, and sensor. The methods for controlling reduction degree of graphene oxide include chemical reduction method, thermal reduction(thermal annealing, hydrothermal and solvethermal reduction) and electrochemical reduction. Herein research progress on the controlling conditions of partially reduced graphene oxide, reduction mechanism and effect, comparison of those reduction methods as well as the applications of partially reduced graphene oxide are reviewed, and current challenges and research directions are also presented.
引文
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