多尺度裂缝储层地震预测方法研究
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摘要
常用的叠前裂缝预测方法并不能明确区分不同尺度的裂缝,本文研究并提出基于裂缝密度的大、中尺度裂缝定量预测方法。该方法通过基于Curvelet变换的多方向相干分析技术进行大尺度裂缝(大于1/4波长)预测,通过地震方位各向异性方法和叠前衰减地震属性(如频率衰减梯度)进行中尺度裂缝(1/4～1/100波长)预测,然后将得到的两种不同尺度裂缝的发育强度以裂缝密度为基准进行融合,综合地评价不同尺度裂缝。将该方法运用到裂缝储层地震物理模型中,结果表明,该方法不但克服了叠前衰减属性的方位各向异性预测中尺度裂缝的同时,预测出断层和大尺度裂缝的密度分布不连续的问题,还能对裂缝的尺度进行区分,较准确的定量预测裂缝发育带。
Common prestack fracture prediction methods cannot clearly distinguish multiplescale fractures. In this study, we propose a prediction method for macro-and mesoscale fractures based on fracture density distribution in reservoirs. First, we detect the macroscale fractures(larger than 1/4 wavelength) using the multidirectional coherence technique that is based on the curvelet transform and the mesoscale fractures(1/4–1/100 wavelength) using the seismic azimuthal anisotropy technique and prestack attenuation attributes, e.g., frequency attenuation gradient. Then, we combine the obtained fracture density distributions into a map and evaluate the variably scaled fractures. Application of the method to a seismic physical model of a fractured reservoir shows that the method overcomes the problem of discontinuous fracture density distribution generated by the prestack seismic azimuthal anisotropy method, distinguishes the fracture scales, and identifies the fractured zones accurately.
Common prestack fracture prediction methods cannot clearly distinguish multiplescale fractures. In this study, we propose a prediction method for macro-and mesoscale fractures based on fracture density distribution in reservoirs. First, we detect the macroscale fractures(larger than 1/4 wavelength) using the multidirectional coherence technique that is based on the curvelet transform and the mesoscale fractures(1/4–1/100 wavelength) using the seismic azimuthal anisotropy technique and prestack attenuation attributes, e.g., frequency attenuation gradient. Then, we combine the obtained fracture density distributions into a map and evaluate the variably scaled fractures. Application of the method to a seismic physical model of a fractured reservoir shows that the method overcomes the problem of discontinuous fracture density distribution generated by the prestack seismic azimuthal anisotropy method, distinguishes the fracture scales, and identifies the fractured zones accurately.
引文
An,Y.,2015,Fracture prediction using prestack Q calculation and attenuation anisotropy:Applied Geophysics,12(3),432-440.
Behura,J.,Tsvankin,I.,Jenner,E.,et al.,2012,Estimation of interval velocity and attenuation anisotropy from reflection data at Coronation Field:The Leading Edge,31(5),580-587.
Candès,E.J.,and Donoho,D.L.,1999,Curvelets:a surprisingly effective nonadaptive representation for objects with edges,In Cohen,A.,Rabut,C.,and Schumaker,L.Eds.,Curve and Surface Fitting:Vanderbilt Univ.Press,Saint-Malo.
Candès,E.J.,and Donoho,D.L.,2004,New tight frames of curvelets and optimal representations of objects with piecewise C2 singularities:Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics,57(2),219-266.
Clark,R.A.,Benson,P.M.,Carter,A.J.,et al.,2009,Anisotropic P-wave attenuation measured from a multiazimuth surface seismic reflection survey:Geophysical Prospecting,57(5),835-845.
Chen,S.Q.,Zeng,L.B.,Huang,P.,et al.,2016,The application study on the multi-scales integrated prediction method to fractured reservoir description:Applied Geophysics,13(1),80-92.
Chichinina,T.,Sabinin,V.,and Ronquillo-Jarillo,G.,2006,QVOA analysis:P-wave attenuation anisotropy for fracture characterization:Geophysics,71(3),C37-C48.
Chichinina,T.,Obolentseva,I.,Gik,L.,et al.,2009,Attenuation anisotropy in the linear-slip model:Interpretation of physical modeling data:Geophysics,74(5),WB165-WB176.
Far,M.E.,Sayers,C.M.,Thomsen,L.,et al.,2013,Seismic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using amplitude versus offset and azimuth analysis:Geophysical Prospecting,61(2),427-447.
He,Y.D.,and Wei,C.G.,2007,The present situation and research direction of evaluation methods in fracture type reservoir:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(2),537-543.
Li,T.T.,Wang,Z.,Ma,S.Z.,et al.,2015,Summary of seismic attributes fusion method:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(1),378-385.
Liu,C.H.,2001,Application of seismic coherent analysis technology to prediction of fractured reservoir:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(2),238-243.
Macbeth,C.,and Li,X.Y.,1999,AVD-an emerging new marine technology for reservoir characterization:acquisition and application:Geophysics,64(4),1153-1159.
Maultzsch,S.,Chapman,M.,Liu,E.,et al.,2007,Modelling and analysis of attenuation anisotropy in multi-azimuth VSP data from the Clair field:Geophysical Prospecting,55(5),627-642.
Mu,X.L.,Zhao,G.L.,Tian,Z.Y.,et al.,2009,Prediction of fractures in the reservoirs(in Chinese):Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,56.
Qu,S.L.,Ji,Y.X.,Wang,X.,et al.,2001,Seismic method for using full-azimuth P wave attribution to detct fracture:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(4),390-397.
Rüger,A.,1997,P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry:Geophysics,62(3),713-722.
Sams,M.S.,Neep,J.P.,Worthington,M.H.,et al.,1997,The measurement of velocity dispersion and frequencydependent intrinsic attenuation in sedimentary rocks:Geophysics,62(5),1456-1464.
Sigismondi,M.E.,and Soldo,J.C.,2003,Curvature attributes and seismic interpretation:Case studies from Argentina basins:The Leading Edge,22(11),1122-1126.
Shekar,B.,and Tsvankin,I.,2012,Anisotropic attenuation analysis of crosshole data generated during hydraulic fracturing:The Leading Edge,31(5),588-593.
Thomsen,L.,1986,Weak elastic anisotropy:Geophysics,51(10),1954-1966.
Wang,L.,Chen,H.Q.,Chen,G.W.,et al.,2010,Application of curvature attributes in predicting fracture-developed zone and its orientation:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(6),885-889.
Wang,L.L.,Wei,J.X.,Huang,P.,et al.,2017,Study of seismic physical modelling of fractured reservoirs:Petroleum Science Bulletin(in Chinese),02,210-227.
Wang,S.X.,Yuan,S.Y.,Yan,B.P.,et al.,2016,Directional complex-valued coherence attributes for discontinuous edge detection:Journal of Applied Geophysics,129,1-7.
Wang,Y.,Chen,X.G.,Wang,Y.L.,et al.,2014,Application of multiple poststack seismic attributes in the prediction of carboniferous fracture in west Hashan:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(4),1772-1779.
Wang,Y.J.,Chen,S.Q.,and Li,X.Y.,2015,Anisotropic characteristics of mesoscale fractures and applications to wide azimuth 3D P-wave seismic data:Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,12(3),448-464.
Wang,H.Q.,Yang,W.Y.,Xie,C.H.,et al.,2014,Azimuthal anisotropy analysis of different seismic attributes and fracture prediction:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(5),925-931.
Yin,Z.H.,Li,X.Y.,Wei,J.X.,et al.,2012,A physical modeling study on the 3D P-wave azimuthal anisotropy in HTI media:Chinese Journal Geophysics.(in Chinese),55(11),3805-3812.
Yuan,S.Y.,Wang,S.X.,Tian,N.,et al.,2016,Stable inversion-based multitrace deabsorption method for spatial continuity preservation and weak signal compensation:Geophysics,81(3),V199-V212.
Zheng,J.J.,Yin,X.Y.,Zhang,G.Z.,et al.,2009,Multiscale analysis technique based on curvelet transform:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(5),543-547.
Zhang,G.Z.,Zheng,J.J.,Yin,X.Y.,et al.,2011,Identification technology of fracture zone and its strike based on the Curvelet transform:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(5),757-762.
Zhang,J.Y.,He,Z.H.,and Huang,D.J.,2010,Application of frequency attenuation gradient in prediction of gas and oil potentials:Progress in Exploration Geophysics,33(3),207-211.
Behura,J.,Tsvankin,I.,Jenner,E.,et al.,2012,Estimation of interval velocity and attenuation anisotropy from reflection data at Coronation Field:The Leading Edge,31(5),580-587.
Candès,E.J.,and Donoho,D.L.,1999,Curvelets:a surprisingly effective nonadaptive representation for objects with edges,In Cohen,A.,Rabut,C.,and Schumaker,L.Eds.,Curve and Surface Fitting:Vanderbilt Univ.Press,Saint-Malo.
Candès,E.J.,and Donoho,D.L.,2004,New tight frames of curvelets and optimal representations of objects with piecewise C2 singularities:Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics,57(2),219-266.
Clark,R.A.,Benson,P.M.,Carter,A.J.,et al.,2009,Anisotropic P-wave attenuation measured from a multiazimuth surface seismic reflection survey:Geophysical Prospecting,57(5),835-845.
Chen,S.Q.,Zeng,L.B.,Huang,P.,et al.,2016,The application study on the multi-scales integrated prediction method to fractured reservoir description:Applied Geophysics,13(1),80-92.
Chichinina,T.,Sabinin,V.,and Ronquillo-Jarillo,G.,2006,QVOA analysis:P-wave attenuation anisotropy for fracture characterization:Geophysics,71(3),C37-C48.
Chichinina,T.,Obolentseva,I.,Gik,L.,et al.,2009,Attenuation anisotropy in the linear-slip model:Interpretation of physical modeling data:Geophysics,74(5),WB165-WB176.
Far,M.E.,Sayers,C.M.,Thomsen,L.,et al.,2013,Seismic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using amplitude versus offset and azimuth analysis:Geophysical Prospecting,61(2),427-447.
He,Y.D.,and Wei,C.G.,2007,The present situation and research direction of evaluation methods in fracture type reservoir:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(2),537-543.
Li,T.T.,Wang,Z.,Ma,S.Z.,et al.,2015,Summary of seismic attributes fusion method:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(1),378-385.
Liu,C.H.,2001,Application of seismic coherent analysis technology to prediction of fractured reservoir:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(2),238-243.
Macbeth,C.,and Li,X.Y.,1999,AVD-an emerging new marine technology for reservoir characterization:acquisition and application:Geophysics,64(4),1153-1159.
Maultzsch,S.,Chapman,M.,Liu,E.,et al.,2007,Modelling and analysis of attenuation anisotropy in multi-azimuth VSP data from the Clair field:Geophysical Prospecting,55(5),627-642.
Mu,X.L.,Zhao,G.L.,Tian,Z.Y.,et al.,2009,Prediction of fractures in the reservoirs(in Chinese):Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,56.
Qu,S.L.,Ji,Y.X.,Wang,X.,et al.,2001,Seismic method for using full-azimuth P wave attribution to detct fracture:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(4),390-397.
Rüger,A.,1997,P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry:Geophysics,62(3),713-722.
Sams,M.S.,Neep,J.P.,Worthington,M.H.,et al.,1997,The measurement of velocity dispersion and frequencydependent intrinsic attenuation in sedimentary rocks:Geophysics,62(5),1456-1464.
Sigismondi,M.E.,and Soldo,J.C.,2003,Curvature attributes and seismic interpretation:Case studies from Argentina basins:The Leading Edge,22(11),1122-1126.
Shekar,B.,and Tsvankin,I.,2012,Anisotropic attenuation analysis of crosshole data generated during hydraulic fracturing:The Leading Edge,31(5),588-593.
Thomsen,L.,1986,Weak elastic anisotropy:Geophysics,51(10),1954-1966.
Wang,L.,Chen,H.Q.,Chen,G.W.,et al.,2010,Application of curvature attributes in predicting fracture-developed zone and its orientation:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(6),885-889.
Wang,L.L.,Wei,J.X.,Huang,P.,et al.,2017,Study of seismic physical modelling of fractured reservoirs:Petroleum Science Bulletin(in Chinese),02,210-227.
Wang,S.X.,Yuan,S.Y.,Yan,B.P.,et al.,2016,Directional complex-valued coherence attributes for discontinuous edge detection:Journal of Applied Geophysics,129,1-7.
Wang,Y.,Chen,X.G.,Wang,Y.L.,et al.,2014,Application of multiple poststack seismic attributes in the prediction of carboniferous fracture in west Hashan:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(4),1772-1779.
Wang,Y.J.,Chen,S.Q.,and Li,X.Y.,2015,Anisotropic characteristics of mesoscale fractures and applications to wide azimuth 3D P-wave seismic data:Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,12(3),448-464.
Wang,H.Q.,Yang,W.Y.,Xie,C.H.,et al.,2014,Azimuthal anisotropy analysis of different seismic attributes and fracture prediction:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(5),925-931.
Yin,Z.H.,Li,X.Y.,Wei,J.X.,et al.,2012,A physical modeling study on the 3D P-wave azimuthal anisotropy in HTI media:Chinese Journal Geophysics.(in Chinese),55(11),3805-3812.
Yuan,S.Y.,Wang,S.X.,Tian,N.,et al.,2016,Stable inversion-based multitrace deabsorption method for spatial continuity preservation and weak signal compensation:Geophysics,81(3),V199-V212.
Zheng,J.J.,Yin,X.Y.,Zhang,G.Z.,et al.,2009,Multiscale analysis technique based on curvelet transform:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(5),543-547.
Zhang,G.Z.,Zheng,J.J.,Yin,X.Y.,et al.,2011,Identification technology of fracture zone and its strike based on the Curvelet transform:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(5),757-762.
Zhang,J.Y.,He,Z.H.,and Huang,D.J.,2010,Application of frequency attenuation gradient in prediction of gas and oil potentials:Progress in Exploration Geophysics,33(3),207-211.