明治前期日本人的公私观考察
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摘要
在近代西方思想的影响下,明治初期日本人的公私观发生了巨大变化。在私权方面,思想家呼吁个人独立、自由平等、财产私有的权利,这标志着日本人的私意识不断增强;在公权方面,进步思想家以及政治家中的开明派主张民众参与政治的权利,并积极促使国会、议会的召开,而民众则在启蒙思想运动、自由民权运动的影响下提升了公权意识;在公共思想方面,近代日本"社会"的发现以及知识分子对"社会"的审视推动了近代公共思想的出现,激发了人们关注社会、关心国家的热情。但是,由于受到强大的近代残留的公权力这一封建因素的影响,日本人的私权意识、公权意识、公共思想都被限制在一定的范围内,最终难逃被扼杀的命运。
Under the influence of the western modern thought,the Japanese public and private values had changed a lot during the earlier stage of Meiji. For the private values, ideologists appealed for individual independence, freedom and equality,the right of property privatization, which indicated that Japanese private awareness was being strengthened; For the public values, the progressive ideologists and open-minded politicians asserted that the people should be engaged in politics and they actively facilitated the parliament convening. As the result, the Japanese public values were enhanced with the influence movement of thoughts enlightenment and liberal civil rights; For the common values, the discovery of modern Japanese "Society" and the survey to the society by intelligentsia promoted the emerging of modern common values and stimulated their enthusiasm to care the society and the country. However, with the remaining strong modern feudal public power, the Japanese private values,public values and common values were kept within a certain range and they couldn't escape being killed finally.
Under the influence of the western modern thought,the Japanese public and private values had changed a lot during the earlier stage of Meiji. For the private values, ideologists appealed for individual independence, freedom and equality,the right of property privatization, which indicated that Japanese private awareness was being strengthened; For the public values, the progressive ideologists and open-minded politicians asserted that the people should be engaged in politics and they actively facilitated the parliament convening. As the result, the Japanese public values were enhanced with the influence movement of thoughts enlightenment and liberal civil rights; For the common values, the discovery of modern Japanese "Society" and the survey to the society by intelligentsia promoted the emerging of modern common values and stimulated their enthusiasm to care the society and the country. However, with the remaining strong modern feudal public power, the Japanese private values,public values and common values were kept within a certain range and they couldn't escape being killed finally.
引文
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[2] 福泽谕吉.福沢諭吉選集:第3巻[M].东京:岩波书店,1981.
[3] 许晓光.论明治日本对西方自由平等学说的吸收和宣扬[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2010(1):273.
[4] 西田长寿.馬場辰猪全集:第2卷[M].东京:岩波书店,1988:99.
[5] 家永三郎.植木枝盛集:第1卷[M].东京:岩波书店,1990.
[6] 大井宪太郎.馬城大井憲太郎伝[M].东京:大井马城传编辑部,1938.
[7] 松永昌三.中江兆民全集:第11卷[M].东京:岩波书店,1984.
[8] 明治文化研究会.明治文化全集:第5卷[M].东京:日本评论社,1992.
[9] 家永三郎.植木枝盛集:第4卷[M].东京:岩波书店,1990.
[10] 明治文化研究会.明治文化全集:第19卷[M].东京:日本评论社,1992.
[11] 福泽谕吉.福沢諭吉選集:第12卷[M].东京:岩波书店,1981:239.
[12] 许晓光.明治前期日本近代化政治思想研究[D].成都:四川大学,2007:156.
[13] 阪垣退助.自由党史:上[M].东京:岩波书店,1957.
[14] 东京大学史料编纂所.復古記:第2册[M].东京:东京大学出版会,1974:58.
[15] 加藤周一.日本近代思想大系:第9巻[M].江村荣一,校注.东京:岩波书店,1989:27.
[16] 加藤周一.日本近代思想大系:第1巻[M].田中彰,校注.东京:岩波书店,1991.
[17] 福泽谕吉.文明论概略[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[18] 平石直昭.知識人から考える公共性[M].东京:东京大学出版社,2006:315.
[19] 田中正造.田中正造全集:第9巻[M].东京:岩波书店,1977:437.
[20] 国友社.国友雑誌集成[M].东京:五山堂书店,1987:233.
[21] 伊藤之雄.伊藤博文——近代日本を創った男[M].东京:讲谈社,2009:139.
[22] 福泽谕吉.福沢諭吉著作集:第5巻[M].东京:岩波书店,1970:265.
[23] 福泽谕吉.福沢諭吉著作集:第4巻[M].东京:岩波书店,1970:278.