水氮调控对葡萄园土壤温室气体排放及其增温潜势的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究不同水氮调控下鲜食葡萄园土壤N_2O、CO_2和CH_4 3种温室气体的排放特征及其增温潜势,以期了解水氮调控对温室气体排放的贡献,旨在筛选出更为合理的水氮调控管理模式,从而为减缓葡萄园温室气体排放,促进葡萄产业可持续生产提供科学依据和技术参考。【方法】于2017年4—12月,选择在河北省葡萄主产区—昌黎,以鲜食葡萄‘红地球’为供试葡萄品种,通过田间小区设置传统水氮、移动水肥、优化水氮和优化水氮+DMPP(3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,一种新型的硝化抑制剂) 4个处理,采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法对鲜食葡萄园土壤3种温室气体(N_2O、CO_2和CH_4)排放量进行监测,比较其综合增温潜势差异,并测定葡萄产量。【结果】N_2O排放通量施肥后呈现单峰趋势,在施肥灌水后的1—2 d出现峰值。氮肥能显著提高土壤N_2O排放通量,与传统水氮相比,减氮控水处理能降低73.03%—88.19%的N_2O平均排放通量,达到显著性差异(P<0.05)。等氮条件下配施DMPP能平均降低50.08%的N_2O排放通量;各处理CO_2排放通量变化趋势一致,在施肥后2—3 d达到排放高峰,在生长期内表现为季节变化规律。减氮控水处理能减少60.56%—62.13%的CO_2排放,达到减排效果;CH_4排放通量则无明显变化趋势,施肥后CH_4排放通量时正时负,其中传统水氮CH_4排放通量波动性较大,范围在-0.132—0.238μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),减氮控水处理之间变化趋势平缓,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在整个试验期间,各处理土壤N_2O排放总量从高到低依次是传统水氮、优化水氮、移动水肥和优化水氮+DMPP,分别为3.90、2.83、2.76和2.65 kg·hm~(-2),排放系数介于0.58%—0.67%。与传统水氮处理相比,减氮控水处理(移动水肥、优化水氮和优化水氮+DMPP)可使N_2O总排放累积量降低27.56%—32.09%;各处理土壤CO_2和CH_4的累积排放量,分别为传统水氮(3 816.05 kg·hm~(-2)、0.060 g·hm~(-2)),移动水肥(3 387.33 kg·hm~(-2)、-0.075 g·hm~(-2)),优化水氮(3 410.95 kg·hm~(-2)、-0.036 g·hm~(-2))和优化水氮+DMPP(3 412.06 kg·hm~(-2)、-0.030 g·hm~(-2))。减氮控水处理可分别使CO_2排放累积量降低10.59%—11.23%,CH_4总排放累积量降低150.23%—224.38%。结合葡萄产量,减氮控水处理葡萄产量较传统水氮处理增加8.81%—19.35%,其中以优化+DMPP处理增幅最大,且比优化水氮和移动水肥处理也高出9.69%和2.25%。【结论】与传统水氮相比,优化水氮+DMPP处理土壤N_2O、CO_2和CH_4累积排放量分别降低了32.09%、10.59%和150.23%,总GWP降低了12.82%,实现了葡萄园温室气体减排,同时可使葡萄产量增加19.35%,达到了经济与环境双赢,综合评价为本研究中最佳水氮调控措施。
【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore the emission characteristics and warming potential of the greenhouse gases N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4 from table grape vineyard soils under different water and nitrogen regulation, and to understand the contribution of water and nitrogen regulation to greenhouse gas emissions, thus screening out a more reasonable management model of water and nitrogen regulation, so as to provide scientific basis and technical reference for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from vineyards and promoting grape industry sustainable production. 【Method】From April 2017 to December 2017,Changli, the main grape producing area in Hebei Province, was selected as the experimental site and the table grape "Red globe" was used as the tested grape variety. A field microplot experiment was employed with four treatments, including traditional water and nitrogen, mobile water and fertilizer, optimized water and nitrogen, as well as optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP. The greenhouse gas emissions(N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4) from the vineyard soil were monitored by using closed static chamber-gas chromatography, and then their comprehensive warming potential differences were compared. Final, the grape yields were measured.【Result】N_2O emission flux showed a single peak trend after fertilization, and the peak appeared on the 1-2 day after fertilization.Nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase soil N_2O emission flux. Compared with the traditional water and nitrogen treatment,nitrogen reduction and water control treatments could reduce the average N_2O emission flux by 73.03%-88.19%, and their difference was significant(P<0.05). Optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP treatment could reduce the N_2O emission flux by 50.08% on average under the condition of equal nitrogen, and the trend of CO_2 emission flux was the same in all treatments, reaching the peak2-3 days after fertilization, showing seasonal variation in the growth period. Nitrogen reduction and water control treatments could reduce CO_2 emissions by 60.56%-62.13%. CH_4 emission flux had no obvious change trend, but CH_4 emission flux was positive or negative after fertilization. The traditional CH_4 emission flux fluctuated greatly, ranging from-0.132 to 0.238 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1). There was no significant difference between nitrogen reduction and water control treatments(P>0.05). During the whole experiment period, the total N_2O emissions of the treatments were in the order of traditional water and nitrogen, optimized water and nitrogen, mobile water and fertilizer and optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP, which were 3.90, 2.83, 2.76 and 2.65 kg·hm~(-2) with the emission coefficients were 0.58%-0.67%, respectively. Comparing with traditional water and nitrogen treatment, the nitrogen reduction and water control treatments(mobile water and fertilizer, optimized water and nitrogen and optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP) could reduce the total N_2O emissions by 27.56%-32.09%. The cumulative emissions of CO_2 and CH_4 were 3 816.05 kg·hm~(-2) and 0.060 g·hm~(-2) in traditional water and nitrogen treatment, 3 387.33 kg·hm~(-2) and-0.075 g·hm~(-2) in mobile water and fertilizer treatment, 3 410.95 kg·hm~(-2) and-0.036 g·hm~(-2) in optimized water and nitrogen treatment, and 3 412.06 kg·hm~(-2) and-0.030 g·hm~(-2) in optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP treatment, respectively. Nitrogen reduction and water treatments could reduce the total cumulative CO_2 emissions by10.59%-11.23% and CH_4 emissions by 150.23%-224.38%, respectively. Combining with the grape yield, the grape yield in nitrogen reduction and water control treatments was increased by 8.81% to 19.35% compared with traditional water-nitrogen treatment, and the largest increase was found under the optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP treatment, which was 9.69% and 2.25% higher than that under optimized water and nitrogen and mobile water and fertilizer treatment.【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional water and nitrogen treatment, the cumulative emission of N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4 in soils treated with optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP was decreased by 32.09%, 10.59% and 150.23%, respectively, and the total GWP was decreased by 12.82%, achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction in vineyards; at the same time, it could increase the grape yield by 19.35%, achieving a win-win situation for both economy and environment, which was evaluated as the best water and fertilizer regulation measures in this study.
【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore the emission characteristics and warming potential of the greenhouse gases N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4 from table grape vineyard soils under different water and nitrogen regulation, and to understand the contribution of water and nitrogen regulation to greenhouse gas emissions, thus screening out a more reasonable management model of water and nitrogen regulation, so as to provide scientific basis and technical reference for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from vineyards and promoting grape industry sustainable production. 【Method】From April 2017 to December 2017,Changli, the main grape producing area in Hebei Province, was selected as the experimental site and the table grape "Red globe" was used as the tested grape variety. A field microplot experiment was employed with four treatments, including traditional water and nitrogen, mobile water and fertilizer, optimized water and nitrogen, as well as optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP. The greenhouse gas emissions(N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4) from the vineyard soil were monitored by using closed static chamber-gas chromatography, and then their comprehensive warming potential differences were compared. Final, the grape yields were measured.【Result】N_2O emission flux showed a single peak trend after fertilization, and the peak appeared on the 1-2 day after fertilization.Nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase soil N_2O emission flux. Compared with the traditional water and nitrogen treatment,nitrogen reduction and water control treatments could reduce the average N_2O emission flux by 73.03%-88.19%, and their difference was significant(P<0.05). Optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP treatment could reduce the N_2O emission flux by 50.08% on average under the condition of equal nitrogen, and the trend of CO_2 emission flux was the same in all treatments, reaching the peak2-3 days after fertilization, showing seasonal variation in the growth period. Nitrogen reduction and water control treatments could reduce CO_2 emissions by 60.56%-62.13%. CH_4 emission flux had no obvious change trend, but CH_4 emission flux was positive or negative after fertilization. The traditional CH_4 emission flux fluctuated greatly, ranging from-0.132 to 0.238 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1). There was no significant difference between nitrogen reduction and water control treatments(P>0.05). During the whole experiment period, the total N_2O emissions of the treatments were in the order of traditional water and nitrogen, optimized water and nitrogen, mobile water and fertilizer and optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP, which were 3.90, 2.83, 2.76 and 2.65 kg·hm~(-2) with the emission coefficients were 0.58%-0.67%, respectively. Comparing with traditional water and nitrogen treatment, the nitrogen reduction and water control treatments(mobile water and fertilizer, optimized water and nitrogen and optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP) could reduce the total N_2O emissions by 27.56%-32.09%. The cumulative emissions of CO_2 and CH_4 were 3 816.05 kg·hm~(-2) and 0.060 g·hm~(-2) in traditional water and nitrogen treatment, 3 387.33 kg·hm~(-2) and-0.075 g·hm~(-2) in mobile water and fertilizer treatment, 3 410.95 kg·hm~(-2) and-0.036 g·hm~(-2) in optimized water and nitrogen treatment, and 3 412.06 kg·hm~(-2) and-0.030 g·hm~(-2) in optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP treatment, respectively. Nitrogen reduction and water treatments could reduce the total cumulative CO_2 emissions by10.59%-11.23% and CH_4 emissions by 150.23%-224.38%, respectively. Combining with the grape yield, the grape yield in nitrogen reduction and water control treatments was increased by 8.81% to 19.35% compared with traditional water-nitrogen treatment, and the largest increase was found under the optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP treatment, which was 9.69% and 2.25% higher than that under optimized water and nitrogen and mobile water and fertilizer treatment.【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional water and nitrogen treatment, the cumulative emission of N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4 in soils treated with optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP was decreased by 32.09%, 10.59% and 150.23%, respectively, and the total GWP was decreased by 12.82%, achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction in vineyards; at the same time, it could increase the grape yield by 19.35%, achieving a win-win situation for both economy and environment, which was evaluated as the best water and fertilizer regulation measures in this study.
引文
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