内蒙古大青山典型森林植被水文功能研究
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摘要
从森林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层等分析内蒙古大青山华北落叶松林、白桦林、虎榛子灌丛、绣线菊灌丛及草地等典型森林植被的水文功能。结果表明:不同植被类型冠层截留能力差别显著,雨季(6-9月)绣线菊灌丛的截留率最高(27.3%),华北落叶松人工林(18.5%)次之,白桦次生林(13.3%)和虎榛子灌丛(10.1%)最小;树干茎流率与此相反,虎榛子灌丛的最大,达到34.5%;从冠层截留率的月动态来看,乔木林先增大后减小,灌丛则逐渐减小。枯落物最大持水量以华北落叶松林和白桦林最大,灌木林次之,草地最小。0-100cm土层的最大贮水量为灌丛>乔木林>草地。综合来看,白桦林和虎榛子灌丛总蓄水能力最强,绣线菊灌丛略低,之后为华北落叶松林和草地,说明从植被水文功能角度来看,天然林树种白桦和灌木林更利于大青山的水源涵养。
The hydrological function of Daqing Mountains forests ecosystem was analyzed from the canopy interception,litter layer and soil layer. The result indicated that the canopy interception of different vegetations differed notably in the rain season( June ~ September),with the maximal value( 27. 3%) in the shrub of Spiraea trilobata,followed by the larch plantation( Larix principis-rupprechtii,18. 5%) and birch forest( Betula Platyphylla,13. 3%),and the minimal value( 10. 1%) of the Ostryopsis davidiana shrubs,but the stemflow was reverse,with the maximal value( 34. 5%) in the O. davidiana shrubs. From the perspective of seasonal variation,the canopy interception ratio of forestland first increased and then decreased,but the shrubland decreased gradually. The maximum holding water capacity of litter layers was in the larch plantations and birch plantations,followed by shrub forest,and the grassland was minimal. The maximum holding water capacity was range as follows: shrubs > forest > grassland. The best water conservation capability was found in the birch forest and O. davidiana shrubs,then the S. trilobata shrubs and larch forest,and the worst functions appeared in the grassland. From the perspective of vegetation hydrological function,natural forests and shrub are better for the water conservation in Daqing mountains.
The hydrological function of Daqing Mountains forests ecosystem was analyzed from the canopy interception,litter layer and soil layer. The result indicated that the canopy interception of different vegetations differed notably in the rain season( June ~ September),with the maximal value( 27. 3%) in the shrub of Spiraea trilobata,followed by the larch plantation( Larix principis-rupprechtii,18. 5%) and birch forest( Betula Platyphylla,13. 3%),and the minimal value( 10. 1%) of the Ostryopsis davidiana shrubs,but the stemflow was reverse,with the maximal value( 34. 5%) in the O. davidiana shrubs. From the perspective of seasonal variation,the canopy interception ratio of forestland first increased and then decreased,but the shrubland decreased gradually. The maximum holding water capacity of litter layers was in the larch plantations and birch plantations,followed by shrub forest,and the grassland was minimal. The maximum holding water capacity was range as follows: shrubs > forest > grassland. The best water conservation capability was found in the birch forest and O. davidiana shrubs,then the S. trilobata shrubs and larch forest,and the worst functions appeared in the grassland. From the perspective of vegetation hydrological function,natural forests and shrub are better for the water conservation in Daqing mountains.
引文
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[19]范世香,裴铁,蒋德明,等.两种不同林分截留能力的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(5):671-674.
[20]曾德慧,裴铁璠,范志平,等.樟子松林冠截留模拟实验研究[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(2):134-138.
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[22]李衍青,张铜会,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌丛降雨截留特征研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):267-272.
[23]周彬,韩海荣,康峰峰,等.太岳山不同郁闭度油松人工林降水分配特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1645-1653.
[24]刘建立,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域华北落叶松人工林的冠层降水再分配特征[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):76-81.
[25]韩同吉,裴胜民,张光灿,等.北方石质山区典型林分枯落物层涵蓄水分特征[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2):275-278.
[26]杨吉华,张永涛,李红云,等.不同林分枯落物的持水性能及对表层土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):141-144.
[27]齐记,史宇,余新晓.北京山区主要树种枯落物水文功能特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):73-77.
[28]王云琦,王玉杰,张洪江,等.重庆缙云山几种典型植被枯落物水文特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):41-44.
[29]常宗强,王金叶,常学向,等.祁连山水源涵养林枯枝落叶层水文生态功能[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(增刊):8-13.
[30]张洪江,程金花,余新晓,等.贡嘎山冷杉纯林枯落物储量及其持水特性[J].林业科学,2003,39(5):147-151.
[31]高岗,秦富仓,姚云峰,等.农牧交错带小流域防护林水源涵养功能研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):180-185.
[32]陈严武,史正涛,曾建军,等.水源地不同林分水源涵养功能评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):67-74.
[33]时忠杰.六盘山香水河小流域森林植被的坡面生态水文影响[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院博士学位论文,2006.
[2]王正安,邸利,王彦辉,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域4种植被土壤层水文调节功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):181-187.
[3]时忠杰,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.宁夏六盘山林区几种主要森林植被生态水文功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):134-138.
[4]吕瑜良,刘世荣,孙鹏森,等.川西亚高山暗针叶林叶面积指数的季节动态与空间变异特征[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):1-7.
[5]徐丽宏,时忠杰,王彦辉,等.六盘山主要植被类型冠层截留特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2487-2493.
[6]王士永,余新晓,贾国栋,等.北京山区主要人工林枯落物水文效应[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(5):42-47.
[7]赵阳,余新晓,吴海龙,等.华北土石山区典型森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):148-152.
[8]李德生.山东泰安黄前水库流域主要植被类型的水文特征研究[D].北京:北京林业大学博士学位论文,2007.
[9]孙浩,杨民益,余杨春,等.宁夏六盘山几种典型水源涵养林林分结构与水文功能的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):10-18.
[10]谭俊磊,马明国,车涛,等.基于不同郁闭度的青海云杉冠层截留特征研究[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(7),825-833.
[11]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山主要森林类型枯落物的水文功能[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(1):91-99.
[12]张平,刘贤德,张学龙,等.祁连山林草复合流域灌木林水文生态功能研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(5):922-929.
[13]李晨晖,常金宝,史清.大青山不同林分类型土壤持水能力研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2010,31(3):66-69.
[14]魏强,张秋良,代海燕,等.大青山不同植被下的地表径流和土壤侵蚀[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):111-117.
[15]郭永盛,白育英,周心澄.大青山浊松人工林生态效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):204-206.
[16]王冬至,张秋良,陈高娃,等.内蒙古大青山主要林分类型水源涵养能力研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(1):28-32.
[17]张洪江,孙艳红,成云,等.重庆缙云山不同植被类型对地表径流系数的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):11-13.
[18]刘世荣,温远光,王兵,等.中国森林生态系统水文生态功能规律[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996:203-206.
[19]范世香,裴铁,蒋德明,等.两种不同林分截留能力的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(5):671-674.
[20]曾德慧,裴铁璠,范志平,等.樟子松林冠截留模拟实验研究[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(2):134-138.
[21]刘千,王平,熊伟,等.六盘山北侧叠叠沟小流域几种典型植被群落的水文功能研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):193-199.
[22]李衍青,张铜会,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌丛降雨截留特征研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):267-272.
[23]周彬,韩海荣,康峰峰,等.太岳山不同郁闭度油松人工林降水分配特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1645-1653.
[24]刘建立,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域华北落叶松人工林的冠层降水再分配特征[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):76-81.
[25]韩同吉,裴胜民,张光灿,等.北方石质山区典型林分枯落物层涵蓄水分特征[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2):275-278.
[26]杨吉华,张永涛,李红云,等.不同林分枯落物的持水性能及对表层土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):141-144.
[27]齐记,史宇,余新晓.北京山区主要树种枯落物水文功能特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):73-77.
[28]王云琦,王玉杰,张洪江,等.重庆缙云山几种典型植被枯落物水文特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):41-44.
[29]常宗强,王金叶,常学向,等.祁连山水源涵养林枯枝落叶层水文生态功能[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(增刊):8-13.
[30]张洪江,程金花,余新晓,等.贡嘎山冷杉纯林枯落物储量及其持水特性[J].林业科学,2003,39(5):147-151.
[31]高岗,秦富仓,姚云峰,等.农牧交错带小流域防护林水源涵养功能研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):180-185.
[32]陈严武,史正涛,曾建军,等.水源地不同林分水源涵养功能评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):67-74.
[33]时忠杰.六盘山香水河小流域森林植被的坡面生态水文影响[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院博士学位论文,2006.