拉萨地块晚古生代沉积源区转变——来自措勤地区永珠组碎屑锆石的证据
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摘要
晚古生代是拉萨地块地质演化的重要转折期,一些关键地质问题存在争论,如拉萨地块来源问题。选择西藏措勤地区上石炭统永珠组为研究对象,石英砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb测年数据显示523Ma、920Ma两个年龄峰值。通过与拉萨地块及其周缘晚石炭世冰期之前地层碎屑锆石对比,认为拉萨地块永珠组920Ma年龄峰值更具有冈瓦纳大陆靠印度一侧的物源特征,其与南羌塘、拉萨、喜马拉雅微陆块在裂离之前具有显著的亲缘关系。而含有冰筏碎屑的拉嘎组和来姑组中包含的西澳大利亚物源信息(约1180Ma年龄峰值),暗示来自西澳大利亚的冰筏可能通过洋流作用漂移至拉萨地块而后沉积冰筏碎屑。
The Late Paleozoic is an important transition period for the geological evolution of the Lhasa block, so there are some disputes on key geological issues, such as the origin of the Lhasa block. In this paper, the Upper Carboniferous Yongzhu Formation in the Cuoqin region of Tibet was selected as the study object. The U-Pb dating data of detrital zircons in quartz sandstone show the peak ages of 523 Ma and 920 Ma. Based on a comparison with the Lhasa block and the detrital zircons formed before the Lhasa blockin the Late Carboniferous glacial period, the authors hold that the 920 Ma agepeak of the Yongzhu Formation in the Lhasa block is more characteristic of the provenance on the Indian side of the Gondwana opening, and that the Nanqiangtang, Lhasa and Himalayan microlandmasses were significantly related before splitting. The source information of western Australia(about 1180 Ma age peak) in the Laga and Laigu groups containing ice raft debris suggests that ice rafts from western Australia might have drifted to the Lhasa block through ocean currents and then deposited ice raft debris.
The Late Paleozoic is an important transition period for the geological evolution of the Lhasa block, so there are some disputes on key geological issues, such as the origin of the Lhasa block. In this paper, the Upper Carboniferous Yongzhu Formation in the Cuoqin region of Tibet was selected as the study object. The U-Pb dating data of detrital zircons in quartz sandstone show the peak ages of 523 Ma and 920 Ma. Based on a comparison with the Lhasa block and the detrital zircons formed before the Lhasa blockin the Late Carboniferous glacial period, the authors hold that the 920 Ma agepeak of the Yongzhu Formation in the Lhasa block is more characteristic of the provenance on the Indian side of the Gondwana opening, and that the Nanqiangtang, Lhasa and Himalayan microlandmasses were significantly related before splitting. The source information of western Australia(about 1180 Ma age peak) in the Laga and Laigu groups containing ice raft debris suggests that ice rafts from western Australia might have drifted to the Lhasa block through ocean currents and then deposited ice raft debris.
引文
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[2]Zhu D C, Mo X X, Niu Y L, et al. Geochemical investigation of Early Cretaceous igneous rocks along an east-west traverse throughout the central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet[J]. Chemical Geology,2009, 268(3/4):298-312.
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[7]Zhu D C, Zhao Z D, Niu Y L, et al. The Lhasa Terrane:Record of a microcontinent and its histories of drift and growth[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters, 2011, 301(1/2):241-255.
[8]董昕,张泽明,王金丽,等.青藏高原拉萨地体南部林芝岩群的物质来源与形成年代:岩石学与锆石U-Pb年代学[J].岩石学报,2009, 25(7):1678-1694.
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[10]Metcalfe I. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic and palaeogeographical evolution of SE Asia[J]. Gondwana Research,2009, 9(1):24-46.
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[13]Lin Y H, Zhang Z M, Dong X, et al. Early Mesozoic metamorphism and tectonic significance of the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane, south Tibet[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013, 78(12):160-183.
[14]Audley-Charles M G. Reconstruction of eastern Gondwanaland[J].Nature, 1983, 306(5938):48-50.
[15]Audley-Charles M G. Cold Gondwana, warm Tethys and the Tibetan Lhasa block[J]. Nature, 1984, 310(5973):165-166.
[16]潘桂棠,莫学宣,侯增谦,等.冈底斯造山带的时空结构及演化[J].岩石学报, 2006, 22(3):521-533.
[17]王立全,潘桂棠,朱弟成,等.西藏冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧造山作用:火山岩和地球化学证据[J].地质通报, 2008, 27(9):1509-1534.
[18]Zhu D C, Zhao Z D, Niu Y L, et al. The origin and preCenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(4):1429-1454.
[19]Li G W, Sandiford M, Liu X H, et al. Provenance of Late Triassic sediments in central Lhasa terrane, Tibet and its implication[J].Gondwana Research, 2014, 25(4):1680-1689.
[20]耿全如,王立全,潘桂棠,等.西藏冈底斯带石炭纪陆缘裂陷作用:火山岩和地层学证据[J].地质学报, 2007, 81(9):1259-1276.
[21]刘函,李奋其,周放,等.拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地震事件及其地质意义[J].地球科学, 2018, 43(8):1-14.
[22]李奋其,刘伟,张士贞,等.冈底斯南部打加错地区鸭洼基性杂岩的年代学及地球化学特征[J].地质学报, 2012, 86(10):1592-1603.
[23]Veevers J J, Saeed A, Belousova E A, et al. U-Pb ages and source composition by Hf-isotope and trace-element analysis of detrital zircons in Permian sandstone and modern sand from southwestern Australia and a review of the paleogeographical and denudational history of the Yilgarn Craton[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2005, 68(3/4):245-279.
[24]Wang B Q, Wang W, Chen W T, et al. Constraints of detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes on the provenance of the Triassic Yidun Group and tectonic evolution of the Yidun Terrane,Eastern Tibet[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2013, 289(1):74-98.
[25]张士贞,向树元,万俊,等.西藏比如盆地碎屑锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb测年及其地质意义[J].地质科学情报, 2010, 29(5):15-22.
[26]胡修棉,王建刚,安慰,等.利用沉积记录精确约束印度-亚洲大陆碰撞时间与过程[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2017, 47(3):261-283.
[27]张予杰,朱同兴,张以春,等.西藏申扎地区二叠系下拉组地层划分及其沉积(微)相[J].地质学报, 2014, 88(2):273-284.
[28]周羽漩,赵兵,严亮,等.藏改则地区昂拉仁错中—下二叠统昂杰组—下拉组地层古生物[J].地球科学与环境学报, 2014, 36(4):107-116.
[29]仲昭,纪占胜,武桂春,等.西藏班戈县保吉乡纳木错西下石炭统珊瑚动物群的发现及其意义[J].地质论评, 2017, 63(Supp.):333-334.
[30]Pan G T, Wang L Q, Li R S, al. Tectonic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012, 53(2):3-14.
[31]张予杰,张以春,庞维华,等.西藏申扎地区拉嘎组岩相/沉积相分析[J].沉积学报, 2013, 31(2):269-281.
[32]安显银,张予杰,朱同兴,等.西藏申扎地区下二叠统昂杰组CO同位素地球化学特征[J].地质通报, 2015, 34(2/3):347-353.
[33]辛洪波,曲晓明,任立奎,等.藏西措勤含铜岩系的物质来源与成因[J].地质学报, 2007, 81(7):939-945.
[34]于玉帅,杨竹森,戴平云,等.西藏措勤尼雄矿田日阿铜多金属矿床岩浆活动时代及成因[J].中国地质, 2015, 42(1):118-133.
[35]范景年.西藏石炭系[M].重庆:重庆出版社, 1988:1-128.
[36]林宝玉.西藏申扎地区古生代地层的新认识[J].地质论评, 1981,27(4):353-354.
[37]林宝玉.西藏申扎地区古生代地层[C]//青藏高原地质文集,1983:1-13.
[38]林宝玉.西藏晚古生代若干床板珊瑚化石[C]//青藏高原地质文集, 1983:249-265.
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