青藏高原地表非绝热加热模态及其与中国北方环流异常的联系
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摘要
利用青藏高原非均匀下垫面热力输送系数及地表有效辐射的EOF分析结果,计算了2000年以来的高原地表非绝热加热资料,并将1958—2013年地表非绝热加热资料进行重建得到高原地表非绝热加热指数,以表征高原不同气候分区的地表热力状况。根据EOF分析结果将高原分为4个气候区,并从波能传播的角度分析其对中国北方环流异常的影响。结果表明,高原地表非绝热加热指数在西部边缘(气候Ⅰ区),除了冬季为微弱下降趋势以外,其他季节都为微弱的上升趋势;在高原中西部腹地(气候Ⅱ区),四季均为下降趋势;在高原东北部(气候Ⅲ区),除了冬季表现为微弱的下降趋势外,其他季节均为微弱的上升趋势;而在高原东南部(气候Ⅳ区),四季均表现为下降趋势。高原西部边缘地表非绝热加热异常增强时,高原200 h Pa上空为波能辐散区,并向东传播,初夏在北方辐合加强,有利于降水,干旱减弱;盛夏在北方地区处于辐散区,加剧干旱。在高原东北部地表非绝热加热异常增强时,该区200 h Pa上空为波能辐散区,并向东传播,无论是在初夏还是盛夏,除了东北地区北部,北方其他地区辐合加强,有助于干旱减弱。
Based on the estimation of the surface heat transfer coefficient and the effective surface radiation under the EOF analysis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),the surface diabatic heating data of the QTP were calculated since 2000,and the diabatic heating data from 1958 to 2013 were reconstructed. The surface diabatic heating index of the QTP was obtained,which is used to indicate the surface thermal conditions for different climatic regions of QTP. According to the results of EOF,the QTP was divided into four climatic regions. The effects of QTP on the circulation anomalies in the northern China from the perspective of the propagation of wave energy were analyzed. The following conclusions were obtained: the surface diabatic heating index in the western edge of QTP(regionⅠ) has a weak increasing trend,except for winter with a slight decline trend. The surface diabatic heating index in the mid-west hinterland of QTP(regionⅡ) is decreasing in all seasons. The surface diabatic heating index in the northeast of the QTP(region Ⅲ) has a weak increasing trend,except for winter with a slight decline trend. However,the surface diabatic heating index in the southeast of QTP(region Ⅳ) shows a declining tendency in all seasons. The high altitude is a wave energy divergence area of QTP at 200 hPa,when the surface diabatic heating index with abnormal increasing in the western edge of QTP. The enhancement of wave energy convergence of northern China in early summer benefits to the precipitation,which weakened drought. However,the wave energy divergence in northern China in midsummer,which makes more drought.When the surface diabatic heating index anomalies increase in the northeast of QTP,there is an energy divergence area at high altitude as well. Whether in early summer or midsummer,convergence in northern China will contribute to weakening the drought. However,divergence will appear in the northeast of China and drought will be intensified. These conclusions provides a reference for the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of surface diabatic heating of QTP,which effects on the anomalous circulation in northern China.
Based on the estimation of the surface heat transfer coefficient and the effective surface radiation under the EOF analysis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),the surface diabatic heating data of the QTP were calculated since 2000,and the diabatic heating data from 1958 to 2013 were reconstructed. The surface diabatic heating index of the QTP was obtained,which is used to indicate the surface thermal conditions for different climatic regions of QTP. According to the results of EOF,the QTP was divided into four climatic regions. The effects of QTP on the circulation anomalies in the northern China from the perspective of the propagation of wave energy were analyzed. The following conclusions were obtained: the surface diabatic heating index in the western edge of QTP(regionⅠ) has a weak increasing trend,except for winter with a slight decline trend. The surface diabatic heating index in the mid-west hinterland of QTP(regionⅡ) is decreasing in all seasons. The surface diabatic heating index in the northeast of the QTP(region Ⅲ) has a weak increasing trend,except for winter with a slight decline trend. However,the surface diabatic heating index in the southeast of QTP(region Ⅳ) shows a declining tendency in all seasons. The high altitude is a wave energy divergence area of QTP at 200 hPa,when the surface diabatic heating index with abnormal increasing in the western edge of QTP. The enhancement of wave energy convergence of northern China in early summer benefits to the precipitation,which weakened drought. However,the wave energy divergence in northern China in midsummer,which makes more drought.When the surface diabatic heating index anomalies increase in the northeast of QTP,there is an energy divergence area at high altitude as well. Whether in early summer or midsummer,convergence in northern China will contribute to weakening the drought. However,divergence will appear in the northeast of China and drought will be intensified. These conclusions provides a reference for the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of surface diabatic heating of QTP,which effects on the anomalous circulation in northern China.
引文
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Duan A,Liu Y,Wu G,2005.Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,48(2):250-257.
Duan A,Wu G,2009.Weakening trend in the atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades[J].Journal of Climate,22(15):5691.
Niu T,Chen L,Zhou Z,2004.The characteristics of climate change over the Tibetan Plateau the last 40 years and the detection of climatic jumps[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,21(2):193-203.
Park C K,Schubert S D,1997.On the nature of the 1994 East Asian summer drought.[J].Journal of Climate,10(10):1056-1070.
Wang B,Bao Q,Hoskins B,et al,2008.Tibetan Plateau w arming and precipitation changes in East Asia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,35(14):63-72.
Wu G,Zhang Y,1998.Tibetan Plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea[J].M onthly Weather Review,126(126):913-927.
Yang K,Guo X F,Wu B Y,2011.Recent trends in surface sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(1):19-28.
You Q,Kang S,Pepin N,2010.Climate w arming and associated changes in atmospheric circulation in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau from a homogenized dataset[J].Global Planet Change,72(1):11-24.
Zhang J,Jiang Y,Chen H S,et al,2018a.Double-mode adjustment of Tibetan Plateau heating to the summer circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere[J].International Journal of Climatology,38(2).dio:10.1002/joc.5201.
Zhang J,Laurent L,Wu Z W,et al,2015.Prolonged dry spells in recent decades over north-central China and their association w ith a northw ard shift in planetary w aves[J].International Journal of Climatology,35:4829-4842.
Zhang J,Liu C,Chen H,2018b.The modulation of Tibetan Plateau heating on the multi-scale northernmost margin activity of East A-sia summer monsoon in northern China[J].Global Planet Change,161:149-161.
Zhang Y C,Kuang X Y,Guo W D,et al,2006.Seasonal evolution of the upper-tropospheric w esterly jet core over East Asia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,33(11):L11708,doi:10.1029/2006GL026377.
Zhang,J,Tang Q,Chen H S,et al,2017.Northw ard shift in circulation system over the Asian mid-latitudes linked to an increasing heating anomaly over the northern Tibetan Plateau during the past tw o decades[J].International Journal of Climatology,online(2):834-848.
Zhu X Y,Liu Y M,Wu G X,2012.An assessment of summer sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau from eight data sets[J].Science China Earth Sciences,55(5):779-786.
贲海荣,周顺武,乔钰,等,2017.一个新的青藏高原热力指数的构建及其应用[J].高原气象,36(6):1487-1498.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00009.
蔡雯悦,徐祥德,孙绩华,2012.青藏高原东南部云状况与地表能量收支结构[J].气象学报,70(4):837-846.
丁婷,陈丽娟,崔大海,2015.东北夏季降水的年代际特征及环流变化[J].高原气象,34(1):220-229.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00155.
符淙斌,温刚,2002.中国北方干旱化的几个问题[J].气候与环境研究,7(1):22-29.
高世仰,2017a.青藏高原非均匀下垫面的感热估算及其时空分布特征[D].南京:南京信息工程大学.
高世仰,张杰,罗琦,2017b.青藏高原非均匀下垫面热力输送系数的估算[J].高原气象,36(3):596-609.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00060.
郭恒,张庆云,2016.北方雨季中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,40(5):946-964.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1510.15218.
何金海,2011.青藏高原大气热源特征及其影响和可能机制[M].北京:气象出版社.
胡实,莫兴国,林忠辉,2015.未来气候情景下我国北方地区干旱时空变化趋势[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),38(2):239-248.
黄荣辉,刘永,冯涛,2013.20世纪90年代末中国东部夏季降水和环流的年代际变化特征及其内动力成因[J].科学通报,(8):617-628.DOI:10.1007/s11434-012-5545-9.
季国良,江灏,吕兰芝,1995.青藏高原的长波辐射特征[J].高原气象,14(4):451-458.
江志红,何金海,李建平,等,2006.东亚夏季风推进过程的气候特征及其年代际变化[J].地理学报,61(7):675-686.
蒋兴文,李跃清,2010.青藏高原地表辐射的气候特征[J].资源科学,32(10):1932-1942.
解晋,余晔,刘川,等,2018.青藏高原地表感热通量变化特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].高原气象,37(1):28-42.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00019.
柯丹,管兆勇,2014.华中地区夏季区域性极端日降水事件的降水特征及环流异常[C]//北京:中国气象学会年会.
李佰平,智协飞,2012.ECMWF模式地面气温预报的四种误差订正方法的比较研究[J].气象,38(8):897-902.
李栋梁,何金海,汤绪,等,2007.青藏高原地面加热场强度与EN-SO循环的关系[J].高原气象,26(1):39-46.
李栋梁,魏丽,李维京,等,2003.青藏高原地面感热对北半球大气环流和中国气候异常的影响[J].气候与环境研究,8(1):60-70.
李茂松,李森,李育慧,2003.中国近50年旱灾灾情分析[J].中国农业气象,24(1):7-10.
李新周,马柱国,刘晓东,2006.中国北方干旱化年代际特征与大气环流的关系[J].大气科学,30(2):277-284.
刘新,李伟平,许晃雄,等,2007.青藏高原加热对东亚地区夏季降水的影响[J].高原气象,26(6):1287-1292.
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