云南文山12个小麦品种(系)生产力水平分析
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摘要
对12个小麦品种(系)的形态、经济性状、抗逆性和适应性进行分析,研究各品种(系)在云南省文山市的生产力水平,为品种审定和推广应用提供依据。结果表明:(1)有效分蘖数,有效穗数,穗粒数与千粒重是造成产量形成的原因,且穗粒数与千粒重是提高产量的重要因素;(2)参试的12个品种(系),仅有一个品种(系)‘蜀麦1619’相对于对照品种(系)‘云麦56’减产,其余均有不同程度的增产;(3)‘文D6-8’植株整齐,长势良好,千粒重较高,籽粒大,饱满度较好,抗病性强,且产量最高,属于理想品系;(4)‘玉15-1’株型紧凑,长势好,有效穗多,穗粒数较多,籽粒饱满,千粒重高,产量仅次于‘文D6-8’;(5)‘易2011-1’植株长势好,整齐度较好,穗大粒多,饱满度较好,千粒重较高,抗倒伏,产量居第三位。
The morphological characteristics, economic traits, stress resistance and adaptability of 12 wheat varieties(lines) were analyzed to study the productivity level of each variety(line) in Wenshan, Yunnan,and provide a basis for variety identification and promotion. The results showed that:(1) effective tiller number, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and thousand grain weight were major yield components, and the grain number per panicle and thousand grain weight were important factors for increasing yield;(2) among the 12 varieties, only the yield of‘Shumai 1619'reduced compared with the control variety‘Yunmai 56', and the other varieties had different levels of yield increase;(3)‘Wen D6-8'was an ideal variety with tidy plants, good growth, high thousand grain weight, large grain, good grain fullness,strong disease resistance and the highest yield;(4)‘Yu 15-1'had compact plant and good growth, more effective panicles, full grains and high thousand grain weight, its output ranked the second;(5)‘Yi 2011-1'plants grew well and had good uniformity, big panicles and more grains, favorable grain fullness, high thousand grain weight and lodging-resistance, its output ranked the third.
The morphological characteristics, economic traits, stress resistance and adaptability of 12 wheat varieties(lines) were analyzed to study the productivity level of each variety(line) in Wenshan, Yunnan,and provide a basis for variety identification and promotion. The results showed that:(1) effective tiller number, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and thousand grain weight were major yield components, and the grain number per panicle and thousand grain weight were important factors for increasing yield;(2) among the 12 varieties, only the yield of‘Shumai 1619'reduced compared with the control variety‘Yunmai 56', and the other varieties had different levels of yield increase;(3)‘Wen D6-8'was an ideal variety with tidy plants, good growth, high thousand grain weight, large grain, good grain fullness,strong disease resistance and the highest yield;(4)‘Yu 15-1'had compact plant and good growth, more effective panicles, full grains and high thousand grain weight, its output ranked the second;(5)‘Yi 2011-1'plants grew well and had good uniformity, big panicles and more grains, favorable grain fullness, high thousand grain weight and lodging-resistance, its output ranked the third.
引文
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[17]张敏.播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013(2):325-330.
[18]廖武放.不同施肥量对作物经济效益的影响[J].农业与技术,2013(4):127-128.
[19]李华英,代兴龙,张宇,等.播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015(3):357-363.
[20]陈素英,张喜英,毛任钊,等.播期和播种量对冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):681-685.
[21]何金宝,谢志云,等.小麦新品种‘文麦10号’最佳播期和施肥量研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(30):22-27.
[22]何金宝,刘卫,等.播期和密度及施肥水平对小麦新品种文麦11号生长及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(17):13-15.
[2]康连虎,李吕木,司雄元,等.小麦制酒精残渣发酵菌种筛选及其产物小肽的抗氧化活性[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(07):72-76.
[3]陈飞雪,包志华.小麦胚芽营养价值及发酵食品的研究进展[J].农产品加工,2016(06):66-67.
[4]白娜.种植业有机废弃物厌氧发酵产气特性及动态工艺学研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[5]刘义国,刘永红,刘洪军,等.秸秆还田量对土壤理化性状及小麦产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(03):131-135.
[6]赵广才.中国小麦种植区划研究(一)[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(05):886-895.
[7]于亚雄,杨延华,刘丽,等.云南省小麦品质区划初步设想[J].云南农业科技,2001(06):3-8.
[8]鲁永新,张中平,曹利民,等.云南小麦种植气候生态类型区划及评价[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(04):689-695.
[9]宁晓菊.气候变化下我国主要粮食作物种植环境适应性研究[D].郑州:河南大学,2016.
[10]陈帅.气候变化对中国小麦生产力的影响—基于黄淮海平原的实证分析[J].中国农经济,2015(07):4-16.
[11]马惠,金轻.2013-2014年云南省小麦品种区域试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(21):57-58,60.
[12]沙云.云南省小麦品种区域试验结论分析与评价[J].农业科技通讯,2016(06):94-98.
[13]王瑾.小麦穗粒数及相关性状的QTL分析[D].保定:河北农业大学,2008.
[14]张桂芝.小麦高密度遗传图谱构建和产量、穗部和籽粒大小性状QTL分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[15]杨绚,汤绪,陈葆德,等.气候变暖背景下高温胁迫对中国小麦产量的影响[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(12):1771-1779.
[16]韩柳莎,王佳真,师令智,等.中国小麦品种兰天9号慢叶锈性QTL分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(12):2346-2353.
[17]张敏.播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013(2):325-330.
[18]廖武放.不同施肥量对作物经济效益的影响[J].农业与技术,2013(4):127-128.
[19]李华英,代兴龙,张宇,等.播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015(3):357-363.
[20]陈素英,张喜英,毛任钊,等.播期和播种量对冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):681-685.
[21]何金宝,谢志云,等.小麦新品种‘文麦10号’最佳播期和施肥量研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(30):22-27.
[22]何金宝,刘卫,等.播期和密度及施肥水平对小麦新品种文麦11号生长及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(17):13-15.