渭北旱塬乡村聚落演化的影响因素与空间重构——以黄陵县为例
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摘要
以渭北旱塬黄陵县为例,基于2000年、2010年和2015年遥感影像和DEM数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析、最近邻分析、核密度估计和回归分析等方法,对2000—2015年黄陵县乡村聚落的时空分布特征及影响因素进行研究,并针对不同类型的乡村居民点提出了重构思路。结果表明:黄陵县乡村聚落斑块数量和面积先增后减,具有明显的阶段性变化特征;乡村聚落分布具有空间集聚特征,且集聚范围不断扩大;乡村聚落分布对地势、河流、道路具有很强的依赖性,人口与经济发展、工业化与城镇化、政策调控等因素对乡村聚落布局影响日渐增强;乡村聚落的空间重构应基于各类居民点的客观条件和功能进行整体规划,散布于生态环境脆弱区的零星居民点应关注生态移民,保留居民点应提高土地集约利用水平,中心居民点应强化其联系和服务城乡的枢纽效应。
The methods of ArcGIS spatial analysis, nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density estimation and regression analysis are used to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rural settlements and its influencing factors of Huangling County in Weibei Upland, and reconstruction ideas were put forward for different residential areas, based on the remote sensing images in 2000, 2010, 2015 and DEM data.The main results showed that the number and area of rural settlement patches increase firstly and then decrease, with obvious characteristics of stage change of Huangling County. The rural settlements have obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the agglomeration scope is constantly expanding. The layout of rural settlements has a strong dependence on topography, rivers and roads. At the same time, factors such as population and economic development, industrialization and urbanization, and policy control have increasing influence on the layout of rural settlements. The spatial reconstruction of rural settlements should be based on the objective conditions and functions of all kinds of residential areas. Scattered residential areas in ecologically fragile areas should pay attention to ecological migration. Reserved residential areas should improve the level of intensive land use. Central residential areas should strengthen their hub effect of connection and serve the urban and rural areas.
The methods of ArcGIS spatial analysis, nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density estimation and regression analysis are used to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rural settlements and its influencing factors of Huangling County in Weibei Upland, and reconstruction ideas were put forward for different residential areas, based on the remote sensing images in 2000, 2010, 2015 and DEM data.The main results showed that the number and area of rural settlement patches increase firstly and then decrease, with obvious characteristics of stage change of Huangling County. The rural settlements have obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the agglomeration scope is constantly expanding. The layout of rural settlements has a strong dependence on topography, rivers and roads. At the same time, factors such as population and economic development, industrialization and urbanization, and policy control have increasing influence on the layout of rural settlements. The spatial reconstruction of rural settlements should be based on the objective conditions and functions of all kinds of residential areas. Scattered residential areas in ecologically fragile areas should pay attention to ecological migration. Reserved residential areas should improve the level of intensive land use. Central residential areas should strengthen their hub effect of connection and serve the urban and rural areas.
引文
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[23] 郑文升,姜玉培,罗静,等.平原水乡乡村聚落空间分布规律与格局优化:以湖北公安县为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(11):120-127.
[24] 贺艳华,唐承丽,周国华,等.我国中部地区农村聚居现状及调控模式研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(3):95-102.
[25] 陈永林,谢炳庚.江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构:以赣南地区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(1):184-194.
[26] 李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究:以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.
[27] 闵婕,杨庆媛.岩溶山区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型分析:以重庆市巫山县为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(1):99-109.
[28] 谢玲,李孝坤,余婷.基于GIS的三峡库区低山丘陵区乡村聚落空间分布研究:以忠县涂井乡、石宝镇为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):217-222.
[29] 李鸿健,任志远,闵学.山地丘陵区农村居民点整治潜力测算:以陕西省旬阳县为例[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):98-103.
[30] 孟斌,张景秋,王劲峰,等.空间分析方法在房地产市场研究中的应用:以北京市为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):956-964.
[31] 郭月婷,廖和平,徐建刚.三峡库区农村居民点用地适宜性评价[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):252-259.
[2] 周国华,贺艳华,唐承丽,等.中国农村聚居演变的驱动机制及态势分析[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):515-524.
[3] ABDOLAHZADEH A,OWNEGH M,SADODDIN A,et al.Suitability assessment of rural settlement land-use using systematic model in Ziarat Watershed,Gorgan[J].Journal of Geography and Regional Development,2015,13(2):42-45.
[4] PARISHAN M,PURTAHERI M,EFTEKHARI A R,et al.Ranking and assessment of the vulnerability level of rural settlements according to the earthquake risk (case study:rural areas of qazvin province[J].Spatial Planning,2013,17(3):1-25.
[5] MAKAMU F,KAZIANGA H.Land reform,property rights and private investment:evidence from a planned settlement in rural Tanzania[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2017:1-37.
[6] TEYMOORI S,SHAKOOR A,GANDOMKAR A.Leveling and development of rural settlements land based on human capacity from the standpoing of land use planning aspect (case study:the central sector of Shiraz[J].Journal of Regional Planning,2016,6(21):93-102.
[7] LEBEDEV A I,USMANOV I Y,MATVEEVA L D,et al.The historical rural settlements of the Southern Urals:preservation with a view to development[J].Social Sciences,2015,10(8):2136-2139.
[8] IGIC M,MITKOVIC P,DINIC-BRANKOVIC M,et al.Spatial and functional structure of rural settlements in municipalities of Nis[J].Facta Universitatis-Series Architecture and Civil Engineering,2017,15(1):85-101.
[9] POTOSYAN A H.Geographical features and development regularities of rural areas and settlements distribution in mountain countries[J].Annals of Agrarian Science,2017,15(2):1-8.
[10] ESTELAJI A R,BARGHI H.Relationship between geographical bases and distribution of rural settlements in arid areas:a case study of the Khour-Biabanak District,Naein township[J].Desert,2013:127-134.
[11] SAYDAEI S E,NOURUOZI A A.Analysis on spatial distribution patterns of rural settlements in charmahal & bakhtiyari province[J].Geography and Development,2010,8(18):53-68.
[12] FERREIRA R C,LESSAS B S,FILHo J C L D S.Ecological sanitation in the brazilian semiarid:the diffusion of technology in the May 25 rural settlement[J].Espacios,2016,37(28):1-14.
[13] OZBEK R,CITIL E,GUNDUZ S.Determination of functional characteristics of rural settlements for sustainability of ecological belts and corridors with specific reference to the Istanbul case[J].Journal of Environmental Protection & Ecology,2011,12(3):1058-1067.
[14] 李胜坤,张毅,闫欣,等.基于GIS的秦巴山区乡村聚落空间格局研究:以湖北省竹溪县为例[J].农业现代化研究,2014,35(6):780-785.
[15] 于淼,李建东.基于RS和GIS的桓仁县乡村聚落景观格局分析[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2005,28(5):50-54.
[16] 朱彬,张小林,马晓冬.苏北地区乡村聚落的空间格局及其影响因子分析[J].农业现代化研究,2014,35(4):453-459.
[17] 单勇兵,马晓冬,仇方道.苏中地区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型划分[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1340-1347.
[18] 任国平,刘黎明,付永虎,等.都市郊区乡村聚落景观格局特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):220-229.
[19] 方健,杨兴柱,朱琳.黄山市乡村聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素[J].热带地理,2017,37(2):277-285.
[20] 郭晓东,牛叔文,刘正广,等.陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落发展及其空间扩展特征研究:以甘肃省秦安县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(12):17-23.
[21] 贺艳华,曾山山,唐承丽,等.中国中部地区农村聚居分异特征及形成机制[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1643-1656.
[22] 李孝坤,李忠峰,冯敏.重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间分布探析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(4):242-247+252.
[23] 郑文升,姜玉培,罗静,等.平原水乡乡村聚落空间分布规律与格局优化:以湖北公安县为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(11):120-127.
[24] 贺艳华,唐承丽,周国华,等.我国中部地区农村聚居现状及调控模式研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(3):95-102.
[25] 陈永林,谢炳庚.江南丘陵区乡村聚落空间演化及重构:以赣南地区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(1):184-194.
[26] 李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究:以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.
[27] 闵婕,杨庆媛.岩溶山区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型分析:以重庆市巫山县为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(1):99-109.
[28] 谢玲,李孝坤,余婷.基于GIS的三峡库区低山丘陵区乡村聚落空间分布研究:以忠县涂井乡、石宝镇为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):217-222.
[29] 李鸿健,任志远,闵学.山地丘陵区农村居民点整治潜力测算:以陕西省旬阳县为例[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):98-103.
[30] 孟斌,张景秋,王劲峰,等.空间分析方法在房地产市场研究中的应用:以北京市为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):956-964.
[31] 郭月婷,廖和平,徐建刚.三峡库区农村居民点用地适宜性评价[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):252-259.