利用全封闭式防虫网阻隔小菜蛾在青菜田发生效果研究
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摘要
为了验证尼龙防虫网对小菜蛾的阻隔作用,设置全封闭式防虫网大棚、半封闭式防虫网大棚和用药棚3种处理,对2017年上半年和下半年种植的两茬青菜分别进行3次调查。结果表明:防虫网全封闭的大棚,青菜上的小菜蛾幼虫种群数(<0. 08头/株)和小菜蛾对青菜的为害率(<3. 11%)均显著小于半封闭式防虫网大棚(> 0. 13头/株;> 8. 89%)。半封闭式防虫网大棚青菜产量(<8 599. 95 kg/hm~2)显著低于其他2种处理棚的产量(> 16 225. 05 kg/hm~2)。与用药棚相比,全封闭式防虫网大棚不仅青菜产量比用药棚略增加,而且每茬青菜可减少农药制剂使用量> 3 000 g/hm~2。综上,全封闭式防虫网塑料大棚对小菜蛾具有非常好的阻隔效果,该结果可为农药的减量使用提供科学依据。
A series of experiments were carried out in order to test effects of nylon net shield against diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,in greengrocery sunlight greenhouse. Greenhouses were designed to use full-closed nylon net,semi-closed nylon net,and insecticide treatment. Through a lot of investigation and statistical analysis,we concluded that the population of P. xylostella larvae in full-closed nylon net greenhouse(less than 0. 08 larvae per greengrocery) was significantly lower than that of semi-closed(more than 0. 13 larvae per greengrocery),the percentage of the damaged greengrocery in full-closed nylon net greenhouse(less than 3. 11%) was significantly lower than that of semi-closed(more than 8. 89%),the yield of greengrocery in semi-closed nylon net greenhouse(less than 8 599. 95 kg/hm~2) was significantly lower than that of the other two treatments(more than16 225. 05 kg/hm~2),there was no significant difference in the yield of greengrocery between full-closed nylon net greenhouse and insecticide-treated one,and the amount of insecticide formulation reached more than 3 000 g/hm~2 for each harvest. In conclusion,full-closed nylon net greenhouse can effectively obstruct P. xylostella,which provides scientific basis for reducing the use of insecticide.
A series of experiments were carried out in order to test effects of nylon net shield against diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,in greengrocery sunlight greenhouse. Greenhouses were designed to use full-closed nylon net,semi-closed nylon net,and insecticide treatment. Through a lot of investigation and statistical analysis,we concluded that the population of P. xylostella larvae in full-closed nylon net greenhouse(less than 0. 08 larvae per greengrocery) was significantly lower than that of semi-closed(more than 0. 13 larvae per greengrocery),the percentage of the damaged greengrocery in full-closed nylon net greenhouse(less than 3. 11%) was significantly lower than that of semi-closed(more than 8. 89%),the yield of greengrocery in semi-closed nylon net greenhouse(less than 8 599. 95 kg/hm~2) was significantly lower than that of the other two treatments(more than16 225. 05 kg/hm~2),there was no significant difference in the yield of greengrocery between full-closed nylon net greenhouse and insecticide-treated one,and the amount of insecticide formulation reached more than 3 000 g/hm~2 for each harvest. In conclusion,full-closed nylon net greenhouse can effectively obstruct P. xylostella,which provides scientific basis for reducing the use of insecticide.
引文
[1]朱航,周小毛.田间小菜蛾对9种杀虫剂的抗药性测定[J].湖南农业科学,2016(11):49-51.
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[4]许国升,王翠翠,张贤,等.两种不同化学农药抗性背景小菜蛾对Bt Cry1Ac蛋白敏感度的比较[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(6):726-731.
[5]刘小明,李芒,司升云,等.唑虫酰胺防治十字花科蔬菜小菜蛾田间药效试验[J].长江蔬菜,2018(2):79-80.
[6]封云涛,郭晓君,李光玉,等.添加表面活性助剂对2种药剂防治小菜蛾的增效作用[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):212-215.
[7]曹源,邓维,李永平,等.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液浓度、雾滴密度及施药液量对小菜蛾防治效果的影响[J].农药学学报,2014,16(1):54-60.
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[9]郑惠普,裴启丽,王先青,等.甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒防治娃娃菜小菜蛾试验报告[J].农业工程技术,2017,37(23):23-23.
[10]赵兴华,冯振群,段栓成. 300亿OB/mL小菜蛾颗粒体病毒防治菜心小菜蛾田间药效试验[J].中国农技推广,2017,33(12):60-62.
[11]梁永亮,康晓慧,周强,等. 2种生物农药对油菜菜青虫和小菜蛾的防治效果[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(7):53-55.
[12]于世锋,孙红艳,贾琦. 2014—2016年西安市蔬菜水果农药残留状况分析[J].现代农业科技,2018(4):113-116.
[13]于洋,张楠,纪明山,等. 25种农药鸟类初级环境风险评估[J].农药科学与管理,2017,38(1):21-35.
[14]成燕清,王培,唐涛,等.小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺抗药性与田间防治效果的相关性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(2):320-324.
[15]夏耀民,鲁艳辉,朱勋,等.华中地区小菜蛾对9种杀虫剂的抗药性测定[J].中国蔬菜,2013(22):75-80.
[16]尹艳琼,赵雪晴,李向永,等.小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性与其抗药性的相关性[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(2):296-300.
[17]卢会祥,俞懿,邹继生,等.防治蔬菜害虫中性诱剂使用技巧[J].中国农技推广,2016,32(10):58-60.
[18]胡奇,王宝海.防虫网覆盖小白菜无公害优质高效栽培技术[J].中国瓜菜,2008,21(6):51-52.
[19]黄保宏,林桂坤,王学辉,等.防虫网对设施蔬菜害虫控害作用研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(6):164-169.
[20]王志春,吴承东,王春云,等.蔬菜大棚上覆盖防虫网对蔬菜主要害虫的防治效果[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(9):122-123.
[21]孙雪梅,金新华,周敏敏.防虫网在叶菜上的防虫效果及其对田间小气候的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2010(6):46-47.
[22]张瑞敏,付步礼,邱海燕,等.防虫网对豇豆主要害虫的阻隔作用研究[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(11):36-38.
[23]董慧,颜志明,嵇怡,等.不同目数防虫网覆盖对不结球白菜生长及防虫效果的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2013(20):63-65.
[24]姚士桐,陈国祥,陈利英.防虫网对非洲菊烟粉虱成虫的隔离效果研究[J].中国植保导刊,2010,30(2):28-29.
[25]吴永汉,张纯胄,许方程,等.防虫网对越冬大棚番茄烟粉虱的隔离效果试验[J].温州农业科技,2007(4):39-41.
[26]陈可可.防虫网在小青菜上的应用效果[J].上海蔬菜,2001(5):26-27.
[27]邱英东.覆盖不同目数防虫网防治黄曲条跳甲及对小白菜产量影响的试验[J].上海蔬菜,2016(4):41-42.
[28]周仙红,赵楠,陈浩,等.防虫网对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊隔离效果和对韭菜生长的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1211-1216.
[2]ZALUCKI M P,SHABBIR A,SILVA R,et al. Estimating the economic cost of one of the world’s major insect pests,Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae):just how long is a piece of string?[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology,2012,105(4):1115-1129.
[3]常晓丽,袁永达,张天澍,等.小菜蛾生物学特性及防治研究进展[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(5):145-150.
[4]许国升,王翠翠,张贤,等.两种不同化学农药抗性背景小菜蛾对Bt Cry1Ac蛋白敏感度的比较[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(6):726-731.
[5]刘小明,李芒,司升云,等.唑虫酰胺防治十字花科蔬菜小菜蛾田间药效试验[J].长江蔬菜,2018(2):79-80.
[6]封云涛,郭晓君,李光玉,等.添加表面活性助剂对2种药剂防治小菜蛾的增效作用[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):212-215.
[7]曹源,邓维,李永平,等.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液浓度、雾滴密度及施药液量对小菜蛾防治效果的影响[J].农药学学报,2014,16(1):54-60.
[8]胡虓,王晓辉,孙刚忠,等.氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素与苏云金芽胞杆菌桶混对不同地区抗性小菜蛾的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(6):732-738.
[9]郑惠普,裴启丽,王先青,等.甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒防治娃娃菜小菜蛾试验报告[J].农业工程技术,2017,37(23):23-23.
[10]赵兴华,冯振群,段栓成. 300亿OB/mL小菜蛾颗粒体病毒防治菜心小菜蛾田间药效试验[J].中国农技推广,2017,33(12):60-62.
[11]梁永亮,康晓慧,周强,等. 2种生物农药对油菜菜青虫和小菜蛾的防治效果[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(7):53-55.
[12]于世锋,孙红艳,贾琦. 2014—2016年西安市蔬菜水果农药残留状况分析[J].现代农业科技,2018(4):113-116.
[13]于洋,张楠,纪明山,等. 25种农药鸟类初级环境风险评估[J].农药科学与管理,2017,38(1):21-35.
[14]成燕清,王培,唐涛,等.小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺抗药性与田间防治效果的相关性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(2):320-324.
[15]夏耀民,鲁艳辉,朱勋,等.华中地区小菜蛾对9种杀虫剂的抗药性测定[J].中国蔬菜,2013(22):75-80.
[16]尹艳琼,赵雪晴,李向永,等.小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性与其抗药性的相关性[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(2):296-300.
[17]卢会祥,俞懿,邹继生,等.防治蔬菜害虫中性诱剂使用技巧[J].中国农技推广,2016,32(10):58-60.
[18]胡奇,王宝海.防虫网覆盖小白菜无公害优质高效栽培技术[J].中国瓜菜,2008,21(6):51-52.
[19]黄保宏,林桂坤,王学辉,等.防虫网对设施蔬菜害虫控害作用研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(6):164-169.
[20]王志春,吴承东,王春云,等.蔬菜大棚上覆盖防虫网对蔬菜主要害虫的防治效果[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(9):122-123.
[21]孙雪梅,金新华,周敏敏.防虫网在叶菜上的防虫效果及其对田间小气候的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2010(6):46-47.
[22]张瑞敏,付步礼,邱海燕,等.防虫网对豇豆主要害虫的阻隔作用研究[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(11):36-38.
[23]董慧,颜志明,嵇怡,等.不同目数防虫网覆盖对不结球白菜生长及防虫效果的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2013(20):63-65.
[24]姚士桐,陈国祥,陈利英.防虫网对非洲菊烟粉虱成虫的隔离效果研究[J].中国植保导刊,2010,30(2):28-29.
[25]吴永汉,张纯胄,许方程,等.防虫网对越冬大棚番茄烟粉虱的隔离效果试验[J].温州农业科技,2007(4):39-41.
[26]陈可可.防虫网在小青菜上的应用效果[J].上海蔬菜,2001(5):26-27.
[27]邱英东.覆盖不同目数防虫网防治黄曲条跳甲及对小白菜产量影响的试验[J].上海蔬菜,2016(4):41-42.
[28]周仙红,赵楠,陈浩,等.防虫网对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊隔离效果和对韭菜生长的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1211-1216.
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