悬浮泥沙对蓝藻光合及细胞化学计量的影响
|
摘要
选取水华微囊藻Microcystisflos-aquae为实验材料,在含不同浓度的悬浮泥沙中培养,测定其光合特性和胞内营养元素含量.结果显示,除低浓度悬浮泥沙组外,水华微囊藻比生长速率和chla浓度均低于对照组,且随着时间的延长,含泥沙组水华微囊藻的光合活性F_v/F_m显著下降.水华微囊藻的最大放氧速率P_m和光饱和点I_k随着泥沙浓度的增加而减小,而暗呼吸速率R_d和光抑制作用β显著升高.此外,随着泥沙浓度的升高,水华微囊藻单位细胞C和P含量显著降低,而单位细胞N含量略微升高;由于胞内P含量变化较大,导致N/P比和C/P比显著升高,而C/chla比值随泥沙浓度的增加呈下降的趋势.由此可见,悬浮泥沙虽然因光衰减效应减少了水华微囊藻胞内C含量以及能量供给,但微囊藻通过调节自身生理机能和代谢策略,优先补给C和提高N的合成,节约P合成的能量,通过调节胞内C:N:P储存的优化分配,以适应含悬浮泥沙的外界环境维持生长.
Microcystisflos-aquae, a dominant species of cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters was selected and cultivated in lab-scalebatch experimentto investigate intracellular resourceallocation and stoichiometryunder different levels of suspended sediments. Withthe increase of suspended sediments, it was observed that the growth rate of M. flos-aquae and cholorophyll a(chla) significantlydecreased. Simultaneous decreases of photosynthetic activity, maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution rateand saturatingirradiance, together with the increases of respiration rates and inhabitation effect of light irradiance were apparent. In addition, therewas slight increases in cellular N of M. flos-aquae with increasing concentration of sediments, whereas C and P accumulationdemonstrated the opposite trends. These resulted in the increases of intracellular N/P and C/P with the increase of suspendedsediments. The ratio of C/chla decreased with the increase of suspended sediments. These evidencessupported that althoughsuspended sediment produced light attenuation in the culture,and reducedthe intracellular C content and energy supply,M. flos-aquaepreferentially replenished C, increased N synthesis and saved the energy consumption of P synthesis by adjusting its owneco-physiological functions and metabolic strategies. The fact that the optimum cellular stoichiometry of M. flos-aquae in responseto suspended sediments presented a good example to understand the adaptive strategies of M. flos-aquae in field.
Microcystisflos-aquae, a dominant species of cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters was selected and cultivated in lab-scalebatch experimentto investigate intracellular resourceallocation and stoichiometryunder different levels of suspended sediments. Withthe increase of suspended sediments, it was observed that the growth rate of M. flos-aquae and cholorophyll a(chla) significantlydecreased. Simultaneous decreases of photosynthetic activity, maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution rateand saturatingirradiance, together with the increases of respiration rates and inhabitation effect of light irradiance were apparent. In addition, therewas slight increases in cellular N of M. flos-aquae with increasing concentration of sediments, whereas C and P accumulationdemonstrated the opposite trends. These resulted in the increases of intracellular N/P and C/P with the increase of suspendedsediments. The ratio of C/chla decreased with the increase of suspended sediments. These evidencessupported that althoughsuspended sediment produced light attenuation in the culture,and reducedthe intracellular C content and energy supply,M. flos-aquaepreferentially replenished C, increased N synthesis and saved the energy consumption of P synthesis by adjusting its owneco-physiological functions and metabolic strategies. The fact that the optimum cellular stoichiometry of M. flos-aquae in responseto suspended sediments presented a good example to understand the adaptive strategies of M. flos-aquae in field.
引文
[1]Chen W,Peng L,Wan N,et al.Mechanism study on the frequent variations of cell-bound microcystins in cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu:Implications for water quality monitoring and assessments[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(11):1585-1593.
[2]Yang K,Yu Z,Luo Y,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in the relationship between lake water surface temperatures and water quality-A case study of Dianchi Lake[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,624:859-871.
[3]陈玺,曹秀云,周易勇.小浪底水库与东平湖浮游植物分布的异质性[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(6L):50-59.Chen X,Cao X H,Zhou Y H.Heterogeneity of phytoplankton distributions in Lake Dongping and Xiaolangdi Reservoir[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(6L):50-59.
[4]Xiao Y,Li Z,Guo J S,et al.Cyanobacteria in a tributary backwater area in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Inland Waters,2016,6(1):77-88.
[5]钱奎梅,刘霞,段明,等.鄱阳湖蓝藻分布及其影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):261-267.Qian K M,Liu X,Duan M,et al.Distribution and its influencing factors of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in Poyang Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):261-267.
[6]田泽斌,刘德富,杨正健,等.三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季蓝藻水华成因研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(11):2083-2089.Tian Z B,Liu D F,Yang Z J,et al.Cyanobacterial bloom in Xiangxi Bay,Three Gorges Reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(11):2083-2089.
[7]Paerl H W,Otten T G.Harmful cyanobacterial blooms:causes,consequences,and controls[J].Microbial Ecology,2013,65(4):995-1010.
[8]朱伟,姜谋余,赵联芳,等.悬浮泥沙对藻类生长影响的实测与分析[J].水科学进展,2010,21(2):241-247.Zhu W,Jiang M Y,Zhao L F,et al.Field survey and analysis of influence of suspended sediment on algae growth[J].Advances in Water Sciences,2010,21(2):241-247.
[9]Wang H,Zhang Z,Deng Y,et al.Algal growth simulation in fluctuating water-sediment circumstances of the largest river-connected lake in China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:66.
[10]徐兆礼,易翠萍,沈新强,等.长江口疏浚弃土悬沙对2种浮游植物生长的影响[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(5):33-36.Xu Z L,Yi C P,Shen X Q,et al.Effects of suspended dredging sediment on the growth of 2species of phytoplankton in the Changjiang estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1999,6(5):33-36.
[11]He Q,Qiu Y X,Liu H H,et al.New insights into the impacts of suspended particulate matter on phytoplankton density in a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:13518.
[12]宋晓兰,刘正文,蒋伟伟.沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类影响的模拟实验研究[J].生态科学,2008,27(5):320-324.Song X L,Liu Z W,Jiang W W.An experimental study of the effects of sediment resuspension on phytoplankton[J].Ecological Science,2008,27(5):320-324.
[13]Litchman E,Klausmeier C A.Trait-based community ecology of phytoplankton[J].Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,2008,39:615-639.
[14]Edwards K F,Litchman E,Klausmeier C A.Functional traits explain phytoplankton responses to environmental gradients across lakes of the United States[J].Ecology,2013,94(7):1626-1635.
[15]Meunier C L,Boersma M,El-Sabaawi R,et al.From elements to function:toward unifying ecological stoichiometry and trait-based ecology[J].Frontiers in Environmental Science,2017,5:18.
[16]GB/T 50123-1999土木试验方法标准[S].GB/T 50123-1999 Standard for soil test method[S].
[17]Guillard R L.Division rates.In:Stein JR(Eds.),Handbook of phycological methods-culture methods and growth measurements[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1973:289-311.
[18]Wintermans J F,Demots A.Spectrophotometric characteristics of Chlorophylls a and b and their pheophytins in Ethanol[J].Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta,1965,109(2):448-453.
[19]Maxwell K,Johnson G N.Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51(345):659-668.
[20]Walsby A E.Numerical integration of phytoplankton photosynthesis through time and depth in a water column[J].New Phytologist,1997,136(2):189-209.
[21]Stewart R L,Fox J F.Light attenuation model for waters:linear and nonlinear dependencies on suspended sediment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,143(9):04017033.
[22]Koehler J,Wang L,Guislain A,et al.Influence of vertical mixing on light-dependency of phytoplankton growth[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2018,63(3):1156-1167.
[23]李强,王国祥,王文林,等.悬浮泥沙水体对穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)光合荧光特性的影响[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(2):197-203.Li Q,Wang G X,Wang W L,et al.The influence of suspended sands on Myriophyllum spicatum L.photosysthetic fluorescence characteristics in turbid waters[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(2):197-203.
[24]Wan N,Tang J,Li Q M,et al.The responses of Microcystis to sediment environments and the assessment for its overwintering-Asimulation study in a novel device[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2008,17(12B):2146-2151.
[25]Torres C D A,Lurling M,Marinho M M.Assessment of the effects of light availability on growth and competition between strains of Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Microbial Ecology,2016,71(4):802-813.
[26]Falkowski P G,Raven J A.Aquatic photosynthesis[M].Malden:Blackwell Science,1997:23-35.
[27]Xiao Y,Zhang S Q,Li Z,et al.Turbulent mixing mediates the photosynthetic activities and biochemical composition of Anabaena:implications for bioengineering[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2018,30(4):2227-2236.
[28]Pierangelini M,Stojkovic S,Orr P T,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of two Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains differing in their toxicity[J].Journal of Phycology,2014,50(2):292-302.
[29]李强,王国祥.水体悬浮泥沙对黑藻生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2499-2505.Li Q,Wang G X.Effects of suspended silts in waters on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Hydrilla verticillata[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(10):2499-2505.
[30]吴建勇,温文科,邵留,等.悬浮泥沙与斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)对亚洲苦草(Vallisneria natans)光合放氧速率的影响[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):1-8.Wu J Y,Wen W K,Shao L,et al.Effect of suspended sediment and Scenedesmus obliquus on the photosynthesis oxygen evolution rate of the Vallisneria natans[J].Ecological Science,2015,34(4):1-8.
[31]Su J,Tian T,Krasemann H,et al.Response patterns of phytoplankton growth to variations in resuspension in the German Bight revealed by daily MERIS data in 2003 and 2004[J].Oceanologia,2015,57(4):328-341.
[32]Wilhelm C,Jakob T.From photons to biomass and biofuels:evaluation of different strategies for the improvement of algal biotechnology based on comparative energy balances[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,92(5):909-919.
[33]Halsey K H,Jones B M.Phytoplankton strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation[J].Annual Review of Marine Science,2015,7:265-297.
[34]Sterner R W,Elser J J.Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2002,1-43.
[35]Klausmeier C A,Litchman E,Daufresne T,et al.Phytoplankton stoichiometry[J].Ecological Research,2008,23(3):479-485.
[36]Quigg A,Beardall J.Protein turnover in relation to maintenance metabolism at low photon flux in two marine microalgae[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2003,26(5):693-703.
[37]Nicola P,Andrew N S,Steven P,et al.Factors influencing luxury uptake of phosphorus by Microalgae in Waste Stabilization Ponds[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2008,42(16):5958-5962.
[2]Yang K,Yu Z,Luo Y,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in the relationship between lake water surface temperatures and water quality-A case study of Dianchi Lake[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,624:859-871.
[3]陈玺,曹秀云,周易勇.小浪底水库与东平湖浮游植物分布的异质性[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(6L):50-59.Chen X,Cao X H,Zhou Y H.Heterogeneity of phytoplankton distributions in Lake Dongping and Xiaolangdi Reservoir[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(6L):50-59.
[4]Xiao Y,Li Z,Guo J S,et al.Cyanobacteria in a tributary backwater area in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Inland Waters,2016,6(1):77-88.
[5]钱奎梅,刘霞,段明,等.鄱阳湖蓝藻分布及其影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):261-267.Qian K M,Liu X,Duan M,et al.Distribution and its influencing factors of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in Poyang Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):261-267.
[6]田泽斌,刘德富,杨正健,等.三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季蓝藻水华成因研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(11):2083-2089.Tian Z B,Liu D F,Yang Z J,et al.Cyanobacterial bloom in Xiangxi Bay,Three Gorges Reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(11):2083-2089.
[7]Paerl H W,Otten T G.Harmful cyanobacterial blooms:causes,consequences,and controls[J].Microbial Ecology,2013,65(4):995-1010.
[8]朱伟,姜谋余,赵联芳,等.悬浮泥沙对藻类生长影响的实测与分析[J].水科学进展,2010,21(2):241-247.Zhu W,Jiang M Y,Zhao L F,et al.Field survey and analysis of influence of suspended sediment on algae growth[J].Advances in Water Sciences,2010,21(2):241-247.
[9]Wang H,Zhang Z,Deng Y,et al.Algal growth simulation in fluctuating water-sediment circumstances of the largest river-connected lake in China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:66.
[10]徐兆礼,易翠萍,沈新强,等.长江口疏浚弃土悬沙对2种浮游植物生长的影响[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(5):33-36.Xu Z L,Yi C P,Shen X Q,et al.Effects of suspended dredging sediment on the growth of 2species of phytoplankton in the Changjiang estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1999,6(5):33-36.
[11]He Q,Qiu Y X,Liu H H,et al.New insights into the impacts of suspended particulate matter on phytoplankton density in a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:13518.
[12]宋晓兰,刘正文,蒋伟伟.沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类影响的模拟实验研究[J].生态科学,2008,27(5):320-324.Song X L,Liu Z W,Jiang W W.An experimental study of the effects of sediment resuspension on phytoplankton[J].Ecological Science,2008,27(5):320-324.
[13]Litchman E,Klausmeier C A.Trait-based community ecology of phytoplankton[J].Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,2008,39:615-639.
[14]Edwards K F,Litchman E,Klausmeier C A.Functional traits explain phytoplankton responses to environmental gradients across lakes of the United States[J].Ecology,2013,94(7):1626-1635.
[15]Meunier C L,Boersma M,El-Sabaawi R,et al.From elements to function:toward unifying ecological stoichiometry and trait-based ecology[J].Frontiers in Environmental Science,2017,5:18.
[16]GB/T 50123-1999土木试验方法标准[S].GB/T 50123-1999 Standard for soil test method[S].
[17]Guillard R L.Division rates.In:Stein JR(Eds.),Handbook of phycological methods-culture methods and growth measurements[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1973:289-311.
[18]Wintermans J F,Demots A.Spectrophotometric characteristics of Chlorophylls a and b and their pheophytins in Ethanol[J].Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta,1965,109(2):448-453.
[19]Maxwell K,Johnson G N.Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51(345):659-668.
[20]Walsby A E.Numerical integration of phytoplankton photosynthesis through time and depth in a water column[J].New Phytologist,1997,136(2):189-209.
[21]Stewart R L,Fox J F.Light attenuation model for waters:linear and nonlinear dependencies on suspended sediment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,143(9):04017033.
[22]Koehler J,Wang L,Guislain A,et al.Influence of vertical mixing on light-dependency of phytoplankton growth[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2018,63(3):1156-1167.
[23]李强,王国祥,王文林,等.悬浮泥沙水体对穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)光合荧光特性的影响[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(2):197-203.Li Q,Wang G X,Wang W L,et al.The influence of suspended sands on Myriophyllum spicatum L.photosysthetic fluorescence characteristics in turbid waters[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(2):197-203.
[24]Wan N,Tang J,Li Q M,et al.The responses of Microcystis to sediment environments and the assessment for its overwintering-Asimulation study in a novel device[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2008,17(12B):2146-2151.
[25]Torres C D A,Lurling M,Marinho M M.Assessment of the effects of light availability on growth and competition between strains of Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Microbial Ecology,2016,71(4):802-813.
[26]Falkowski P G,Raven J A.Aquatic photosynthesis[M].Malden:Blackwell Science,1997:23-35.
[27]Xiao Y,Zhang S Q,Li Z,et al.Turbulent mixing mediates the photosynthetic activities and biochemical composition of Anabaena:implications for bioengineering[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2018,30(4):2227-2236.
[28]Pierangelini M,Stojkovic S,Orr P T,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of two Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains differing in their toxicity[J].Journal of Phycology,2014,50(2):292-302.
[29]李强,王国祥.水体悬浮泥沙对黑藻生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2499-2505.Li Q,Wang G X.Effects of suspended silts in waters on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Hydrilla verticillata[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(10):2499-2505.
[30]吴建勇,温文科,邵留,等.悬浮泥沙与斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)对亚洲苦草(Vallisneria natans)光合放氧速率的影响[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):1-8.Wu J Y,Wen W K,Shao L,et al.Effect of suspended sediment and Scenedesmus obliquus on the photosynthesis oxygen evolution rate of the Vallisneria natans[J].Ecological Science,2015,34(4):1-8.
[31]Su J,Tian T,Krasemann H,et al.Response patterns of phytoplankton growth to variations in resuspension in the German Bight revealed by daily MERIS data in 2003 and 2004[J].Oceanologia,2015,57(4):328-341.
[32]Wilhelm C,Jakob T.From photons to biomass and biofuels:evaluation of different strategies for the improvement of algal biotechnology based on comparative energy balances[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,92(5):909-919.
[33]Halsey K H,Jones B M.Phytoplankton strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation[J].Annual Review of Marine Science,2015,7:265-297.
[34]Sterner R W,Elser J J.Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2002,1-43.
[35]Klausmeier C A,Litchman E,Daufresne T,et al.Phytoplankton stoichiometry[J].Ecological Research,2008,23(3):479-485.
[36]Quigg A,Beardall J.Protein turnover in relation to maintenance metabolism at low photon flux in two marine microalgae[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2003,26(5):693-703.
[37]Nicola P,Andrew N S,Steven P,et al.Factors influencing luxury uptake of phosphorus by Microalgae in Waste Stabilization Ponds[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2008,42(16):5958-5962.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |