智力残疾儿童身体活动及其影响因素研究
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摘要
目的基于ICF分析智力残疾儿童参加身体活动发展现状,讨论身体活动对智力残疾儿童健康的影响,以及智力残疾儿童参加身体活动的方法和注意事项。方法采用ICF的理论框架,结合文献研究和理论研究方法。结果智力残疾儿童很少或不参加身体活动;身体活动种类较少,形式单一,缺少活动场地器材与活动指导,缺乏社会支持。低龄智力残疾儿童参加的游戏类身体活动应以自由游戏和包含简单身体技能类活动为主;高龄智力残疾儿童除参加多种的身体活动类以外,还应适当开展增加肌肉力量的身体活动。结论智力残疾儿童身体活动存在很大障碍,需要制定促进智力残疾儿童身体活动的政策,并提供相关的支持与指导服务。鼓励智力残疾儿童多参加各种形式的身体活动,不仅可改善智力残疾儿童的体质,还能改善他们的情绪和生活质量,降低健康风险。应该制定鼓励智力残疾儿童参加社区类身体活动的政策,并提供场地、器材,身体活动指导与支持服务。
Objective To analyze the current status of physical activities for children with intellectual disabilities based on ICF, to discuss the effects of physical activities on the health, and the approaches and its precautions.Methods The theory and method of ICF had been adopted. Literature review and theoretical research methods were implemented.Results In the way of participating physical activity, children with intellectual disabilities would improve not only their physical fitness, but also their mood and quality of life, and reduce their health risks.Conclusion Children with intellectual disabilities faced barriers in physical activities. It recommended to develop policies and provide support and guidance services to promote their participation of physical activities. It is necessary to develop policies to encourage children with intellectual disabilities to participate in community-based physical activities and provide adaptive facility and equipment, guidance and supportive services.
Objective To analyze the current status of physical activities for children with intellectual disabilities based on ICF, to discuss the effects of physical activities on the health, and the approaches and its precautions.Methods The theory and method of ICF had been adopted. Literature review and theoretical research methods were implemented.Results In the way of participating physical activity, children with intellectual disabilities would improve not only their physical fitness, but also their mood and quality of life, and reduce their health risks.Conclusion Children with intellectual disabilities faced barriers in physical activities. It recommended to develop policies and provide support and guidance services to promote their participation of physical activities. It is necessary to develop policies to encourage children with intellectual disabilities to participate in community-based physical activities and provide adaptive facility and equipment, guidance and supportive services.
引文
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[8]邱卓英,黎东晓,李欣,等.当代智力残疾测量与统计方法和社会支持与服务体系研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2016,22(4):383-388.
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[14]Gawlik K,Zwierzchowska A,Celebanska D.Impact of physi‐cal activity on obesity and lipid profile of adults with intellectu‐al disability[J].J Appl Res Intellect Disabil,2018,31(2):308-311.
[15]van Wely L,Balemans A C,Becher J G,et al.The effective‐ness of a physical activity stimulation programme for children with cerebral palsy on social participation,self-perception and quality of life:a randomized controlled trial[J].Clin Rehabil,2013,28(10):972-982.
[16]戴昕,何义,赵光辉,等.北京市智力残疾学生肥胖状况的调研[J].首都体育学院学报,2009,21(1):88-91.
[17]Willems M,Waninge A,Hilgenkamp T,et al.Effects of life‐style change interventions for people with intellectual disabili‐ties:systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized con‐trolled trials[J].J Appl Res Intellect Disabil,2018,31(6):949-961.
[18]Fakolade A,Lamarre J,Latimer-Cheung A,et al.Understand‐ing leisure-time physical activity:voices of people with MSwho have moderate-to-severe disability and their family care‐givers[J].Health Expect,2018,21(1):181-191.
[19]Alesi M,Pepi A.Physical activity engagement in young peo‐ple with Down syndrome:investigating parental beliefs[J].JAppl Res Intellect Disabil,2015,30(1):71-83.
[20]Barr M,Shields N.Identifying the barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with Down syn‐drome[J].J Intellect Disabil Res,2011,55(11):1020-1033.
[21]Njelesani J,Leckie K,Drummond J,et al.Parental percep‐tions of barriers to physical activity in children with develop‐mental disabilities living in Trinidad and Tobago[J].Disabil Rehabil,2015,37(4):290-295.
[22]Sayers M K.Parents'perceptions of health and physical activi‐ty needs of children with Down syndrome[J].Downs Syndr Res Pract,2007,12(1):60-68.
[23]Melboe L,Ytterhus B.Disability leisure:in what kind of activ‐ities,and when and how do youths with intellectual disabilities participate?[J].Scand J Disabil Res,2016,19(3):1-11.
[24]Hands B,Larkin D,Parker H,et al.The relationship among physical activity,motor competence and health-related fitness in 14-year-old adolescents[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2010,19(5):655-663.
[25]Einarsson I,Johannsson E,Daly D,et al.Physical activity dur‐ing school and after school among youth with and without intel‐lectual disability[J].Res Dev Disabil,2016,56(1):60-70.
[2]World Health Organization.Global strategy on diet,physica activity and health[J].Nutrition Newsletter,2005,48(2)292-302.
[3]邱卓英,李欣,刘冯铂,等.基于ICF的智力残疾模式、测量方法及社会支持系统研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2016,22(4):373-377.
[4]Bodde A E,Seo D C.A review of social and environmental bar‐riers to physical activity for adults with intellectual disabilities[J].Disabil Health J,2009,2(2):57-66.
[5]张庆凤,韩奇.江苏省残疾青少年体育活动情况及其干预措施探究[J].体育科技,2017,38(5):70-71.
[6]Ingiór E,ágústó,Gunnhildur H,et al.Differences in physi‐cal activity among youth with and without intellectual disabili‐ty[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2014,47(2):411-418.
[7]Wouters M,Evenhuis H M,Hilgenkamp T I M.Physical activi‐ty levels of children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe intellectual disability[J].J Appl Res Intellect Disabil,2019,32(1):131-142.
[8]邱卓英,黎东晓,李欣,等.当代智力残疾测量与统计方法和社会支持与服务体系研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2016,22(4):383-388.
[9]Johnson C C.The benefits of physical activity for youth with developmental disabilities:a systematic review[J].Am JHealth Promot,2009,23(3):157-167.
[10]Hinckson E A,Dickinson A,Water T,et al.Physical activity dietary habits and overall health in overweight and obese chil‐dren and youth with intellectual disability or autism[J].Res Dev Disabil,2013,34(4):1170-1178.
[11]Kim J Y,Yi E S.Analysis of the relationship between physica activity and metabolic syndrome risk factors in adults with in‐tellectual disabilities[J].J Exerc Rehabil,2018,14(4):592-597.
[12]Martin J J.Benefits and barriers to physical activity for indi‐viduals with disabilities:a social-relational model of disability perspective[J].Disabil Rehabil,2013,35(24):2030-2037.
[13]Chow B C,Choi P H N,Huang W Y J.Physical activity and physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities in group homes in Hong Kong[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health2018,15(7):1370-1380.
[14]Gawlik K,Zwierzchowska A,Celebanska D.Impact of physi‐cal activity on obesity and lipid profile of adults with intellectu‐al disability[J].J Appl Res Intellect Disabil,2018,31(2):308-311.
[15]van Wely L,Balemans A C,Becher J G,et al.The effective‐ness of a physical activity stimulation programme for children with cerebral palsy on social participation,self-perception and quality of life:a randomized controlled trial[J].Clin Rehabil,2013,28(10):972-982.
[16]戴昕,何义,赵光辉,等.北京市智力残疾学生肥胖状况的调研[J].首都体育学院学报,2009,21(1):88-91.
[17]Willems M,Waninge A,Hilgenkamp T,et al.Effects of life‐style change interventions for people with intellectual disabili‐ties:systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized con‐trolled trials[J].J Appl Res Intellect Disabil,2018,31(6):949-961.
[18]Fakolade A,Lamarre J,Latimer-Cheung A,et al.Understand‐ing leisure-time physical activity:voices of people with MSwho have moderate-to-severe disability and their family care‐givers[J].Health Expect,2018,21(1):181-191.
[19]Alesi M,Pepi A.Physical activity engagement in young peo‐ple with Down syndrome:investigating parental beliefs[J].JAppl Res Intellect Disabil,2015,30(1):71-83.
[20]Barr M,Shields N.Identifying the barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with Down syn‐drome[J].J Intellect Disabil Res,2011,55(11):1020-1033.
[21]Njelesani J,Leckie K,Drummond J,et al.Parental percep‐tions of barriers to physical activity in children with develop‐mental disabilities living in Trinidad and Tobago[J].Disabil Rehabil,2015,37(4):290-295.
[22]Sayers M K.Parents'perceptions of health and physical activi‐ty needs of children with Down syndrome[J].Downs Syndr Res Pract,2007,12(1):60-68.
[23]Melboe L,Ytterhus B.Disability leisure:in what kind of activ‐ities,and when and how do youths with intellectual disabilities participate?[J].Scand J Disabil Res,2016,19(3):1-11.
[24]Hands B,Larkin D,Parker H,et al.The relationship among physical activity,motor competence and health-related fitness in 14-year-old adolescents[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2010,19(5):655-663.
[25]Einarsson I,Johannsson E,Daly D,et al.Physical activity dur‐ing school and after school among youth with and without intel‐lectual disability[J].Res Dev Disabil,2016,56(1):60-70.