甘肃兴隆山不同演替阶段典型森林群落的凋落物动态
|
摘要
【目的】分析不同演替阶段典型森林群落凋落物的量、组成特征及月动态,了解兴隆山森林生态系统碳贮量和养分循环状况。【方法】采用凋落物收集器法,对甘肃兴隆山森林演替阶段的3种典型森林群落针阔混交林(山杨(Populus davidiana)-白桦(Betula platyphylla)-青杄(Picea wilosonii)林)和暗针叶林(青杄-灌木林和青杄-箭竹(Fargesia nitida)-苔藓林)的凋落物量、组分、月动态进行了观测与研究。【结果】3种典型森林群落年凋落物量5 534.48~7 951.25 kg/hm~2,大小排序为:山杨-白桦-青杄林>青杄-灌木林>青杄-箭竹-苔藓林,针阔混交林高于暗针叶林;凋落量随森林正向演替的进行而不断减少。山杨-白桦-青杄林中以叶(44.91%)、杂物(20.53%)、枝(15.86%)、果(14.74%)为主,青杄-灌木林中以叶(41.22%)、杂物(23.58%)、枝(18.53%)、果(13.32%)为主,青杄-箭竹-苔藓林中以叶(37.48%)、杂物(27.51%)、枝(22.35%)为主;在叶凋落物中,针阔混交林以阔叶为主,暗针叶林则以针叶为主。3种典型森林群落凋落量动态模式均为双峰型,但最高峰和最低峰出现时期有所不同,针阔混交林最高峰在10月,最低峰在7月;暗针叶林最高峰在4—5月,最低峰在8—9月。针叶凋落量动态模式呈双峰型,高峰期出现在4月和10月;阔叶、杂物、枝、果和花凋落动态模式呈单峰型,阔叶最高峰在10月,杂物、枝和果在4—5月,花在5—6月;树皮凋落动态无明显变化规律。【结论】森林演替对凋落量及其凋落物组成影响明显;随森林由阳性落叶阔叶林向阴性针叶林方向演替,森林年凋落量逐渐变小;阔叶凋落量所占比例逐渐减小,而针叶所占比例逐渐增加。
【Objective】Provide a scientific basis for research on forest ecosystem carbon storage and nutrient cycling,by analyzing the quantity,seasonal changes and components of litterfall in three typical forests at different successional stages in the Xinglong Mountain of Gansu Province,China. 【Method】By using a litter trap,the quantity,components(needles,broadleaves,branches,flowers,fruits,bark and unclassified litter) of litterfalls and their monthly dynamics were measured in two successional stages of coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest(Populus davidiana-Betula platyphyllaPicea wilosonii forest) to dark coniferous forest(Picea wilsonii-shrub forest and Picea wilsonii-Fargesia nitida-moss forest) from August 2011 to July 2015.【Result】Annual litterfall amount ranged from 5 534. 48 kg/hm2 to 7 951. 25 kg/hm~2 for the three forest communities,with the order ranked as Populus davidiana-B. platyphylla-Picea wilosonii forest >Picea wilsonii-shrub forest >Picea wilsonii-F. nitida-moss forest. The litterfall amount of the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest was remarkably higher than that of the dark coniferous forest. The annual litterfall amount decreased gradually along with forest succession. Leaves(44. 91%),unclassified(20. 53%),branches(15. 86%) and fruits(14. 74%) werethe main components of litter in the Populus davidiana-B. platyphylla-Picea wilosonii forest; leaves(41. 22%),unclassified(23. 58%),branches(18. 53%) and fruits(13. 32%) were the main components of litter in the Picea wilsoniishrub forest; and leaves(37. 48%),unclassified(27. 51%),and branches(22. 35%) were the main components of litter in the Picea wilsonii-F. nitida-moss forest. In leaf litter,broadleaves were dominant for the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest,while needles were dominant for the dark coniferous forest. In all three communities,the annual dynamics of litterfall showed double-peaked curve patterns,although the timing of the highest and lowest points were different. For the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest,the highest and lowest points occurred in October and July,respectively. For the dark coniferous forest,the highest and lowest points occurred in April or May and August or September,respectively. A double-peaked curve also described the monthly dynamics of needle litter,where the high points occurred in April or May and October. A single-peaked curve described the monthly dynamic of broadleaves,unclassified litter,branches,fruits and flowers. The highest peak of broadleaves occurred in October,while those for unclassified liter,branches,and fruits occurred in April or May,and that for flowers occurred in May or June. There was no obvious pattern for bark litter.【Conclusion】There was an obvious effect of forest succession on the amount and composition of litter. As forest succession progressed from deciduous broadleaf forest to dark coniferous forest,the annual litterfall amount decreased gradually. The percentage of annual litterfall of broadleaves gradually decreased,while that of needles gradually increased.
【Objective】Provide a scientific basis for research on forest ecosystem carbon storage and nutrient cycling,by analyzing the quantity,seasonal changes and components of litterfall in three typical forests at different successional stages in the Xinglong Mountain of Gansu Province,China. 【Method】By using a litter trap,the quantity,components(needles,broadleaves,branches,flowers,fruits,bark and unclassified litter) of litterfalls and their monthly dynamics were measured in two successional stages of coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest(Populus davidiana-Betula platyphyllaPicea wilosonii forest) to dark coniferous forest(Picea wilsonii-shrub forest and Picea wilsonii-Fargesia nitida-moss forest) from August 2011 to July 2015.【Result】Annual litterfall amount ranged from 5 534. 48 kg/hm2 to 7 951. 25 kg/hm~2 for the three forest communities,with the order ranked as Populus davidiana-B. platyphylla-Picea wilosonii forest >Picea wilsonii-shrub forest >Picea wilsonii-F. nitida-moss forest. The litterfall amount of the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest was remarkably higher than that of the dark coniferous forest. The annual litterfall amount decreased gradually along with forest succession. Leaves(44. 91%),unclassified(20. 53%),branches(15. 86%) and fruits(14. 74%) werethe main components of litter in the Populus davidiana-B. platyphylla-Picea wilosonii forest; leaves(41. 22%),unclassified(23. 58%),branches(18. 53%) and fruits(13. 32%) were the main components of litter in the Picea wilsoniishrub forest; and leaves(37. 48%),unclassified(27. 51%),and branches(22. 35%) were the main components of litter in the Picea wilsonii-F. nitida-moss forest. In leaf litter,broadleaves were dominant for the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest,while needles were dominant for the dark coniferous forest. In all three communities,the annual dynamics of litterfall showed double-peaked curve patterns,although the timing of the highest and lowest points were different. For the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest,the highest and lowest points occurred in October and July,respectively. For the dark coniferous forest,the highest and lowest points occurred in April or May and August or September,respectively. A double-peaked curve also described the monthly dynamics of needle litter,where the high points occurred in April or May and October. A single-peaked curve described the monthly dynamic of broadleaves,unclassified litter,branches,fruits and flowers. The highest peak of broadleaves occurred in October,while those for unclassified liter,branches,and fruits occurred in April or May,and that for flowers occurred in May or June. There was no obvious pattern for bark litter.【Conclusion】There was an obvious effect of forest succession on the amount and composition of litter. As forest succession progressed from deciduous broadleaf forest to dark coniferous forest,the annual litterfall amount decreased gradually. The percentage of annual litterfall of broadleaves gradually decreased,while that of needles gradually increased.
引文
[1]骆宗诗,向成华,慕长龙.绵阳官司河流域主要森林类型凋落物含量及动态变化[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1772-1781.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.05.013.LUO Z S,XIANG C H,MU C L.The litterfall of major forests in Guansi River Watershed in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1772-1781.
[2]马玉珠,程栋梁,钟全林,等.中国森林凋落物不同组分异速比例关系[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(12):1071-1079.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00110.MA Y Z,CHENG D L,ZHONG Q L,et al.Allometric relationships among different components of forest litterfall in China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2013,37(12):1071-1079.
[3]HOORENS B,AERTS R,STROETENGA M.Does initial litter chemistry explain litter mixture effects on decomposition[J].Oecologia,2003,137:578-586.DOI:10.1007/s00442-003-1365-6.
[4]FIFE D N,NAMBIAR E K S,SAUR E.Retranslocation of foliar nutrients in evergreen tree species planted in a Mediterranean environment[J].Tree Physiology,2008,28:187-196.DOI:10.1093/treephys/28.2.187.
[5]YI C,JING W,YANG L,et al.Litter decomposition reduces either N2O or NO production in strongly acidic coniferous and broad-leaved forest soils under anaerobic conditions[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(3):549-557.DOI:10.1007/s11368-013-0795-y.
[6]HATTON P J,CASTANHA C,TORN M S,et al.Litter type control on soil C and N stabilization dynamics in a temperate forest[J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(3):1357-1367.DOI:10.1111/gcb.12786.
[7]徐旺明,闫文德,李洁冰,等.亚热带4种森林凋落物量及其动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7570-7575.XU W M,YAN W D,LI J B,et al.Amount and dynamic characteristics of litterfall in four forest types in subtropical China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(23):7570-7575.
[8]凌华,陈光水,陈志勤.中国森林凋落量的影响因子[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2009,4(4):66-71.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7105.2009.04.009.LING H,CHEN G S,CHEN Z Q.Controlling factors of litterfall in China’s forests[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2009,4(4):66-71.
[9]王凤友.森林凋落物研究概况[J].生态学进展,1989,6(2):82-89.WANG F Y.Review on the study of forest litterfall[J].Advance in Ecology,1989,6(2):82-89.
[10]程伯容,丁桂芳,许广山,等.长白山红松阔叶林的生物养分循环[J].土壤学报,1987,24(2):160-169.CHENG B R,DING G F,XU G S,et al.The nutrient cycling in the Korean pine-broadleaved forest of the Changbai Mountains[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1987,24(2):160-169.
[11]JOANNA F D,MARY C S,STRAKER C J.Litter production and accumulation in Pinus patula plantations of the Mpumalanga Province,South Africa[J].Plant and Soil,1998,203:183-190.
[12]熊红福,王世杰,容丽,等.普定喀斯特地区不同演替阶段植物群落凋落物动态[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(4):802-806.XIONG H F,WANG S J,RONG L,et al.Litterfall dynamics of plant communities at different succession stages in Karst area of Puding,Guizhou Province of Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(4):802-806.
[13]俞国松,王世杰,容丽,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落的凋落物动态[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(10):1019-1028.YU G S,WANG S J,RONG L,et al.Litter dynamics of major successional communities in Maolan Karst forest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(10):1019-1028.
[14]魏强,凌雷,王多锋,等.甘肃兴隆山主要森林类型凋落物累积量及其影响因子[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(6):818-825.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1498.2015.06.009.WEI Q,LING L,WANG D F,et al.Litter accumulation and its impact factor of three main forest communities in Xinglong Mountain,Gansu Province[J].Forest Research,2015,28(6):818-825.
[15]魏强,凌雷,张广忠,等.兴隆山森林群落不同演替阶段的结构特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):59-66.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.05.010.WEI Q,LING L,ZHANG G Z,et al.Structure characteristics of dominant tree species population in different succession stages of forest community in Xinglong Mountain[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(5):59-66.
[16]侯玲玲,毛子军,孙涛,等.小兴安岭十种典型森林群落凋落物生物量及其动态变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1994-2002.DOI:10.5846/stxb201111141725.HOU L L,MAO Z J,SUN T,et al.Dynamic of litterfall in ten typical community types of Xiaoxing'an Mountain,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(6):1994-2002.
[17]漆良华,蒋俊明,唐森强,等.川南山丘区典型退耕竹林凋落物产量动态与养分归还[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):17-22.DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131003.QI L H,JIANG J M,TANG S Q,et al.Litter product dynamics and nutrient returns of typical returning farmland to bamboo plantation in the Mountainous Region of southern Sichuan[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(10):17-22.
[18]范春楠,郭忠玲,郑金萍,等.磨盘山天然次生林凋落物数量及动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):633-641.DOI:10.5846/stxb201211021523.FAN C N,GUO Z L,ZHENG J P,et al.The amount and dynamics of litterfall in the natural secondary forest in Mopan Mountain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):633-641.
[19]王梦君,刘万德,徐崇华.中国西南季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段凋落物动态分析[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(2):372-378.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.02.0372.WANG M J,LIU W D,XU C H.Litter dynamic changes of community of monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest in different restoration stages in Southwest China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(2):372-378.
[20]官丽莉,周国逸,张德强,等.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物量20年动态研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):449-456.GUAN L L,ZHOU G Y,ZHANG D Q,et al.Twenty years of litter fall dynamics in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests at the dinghushan forest ecosystem research station[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(4):449-456.
[21]郑征,刘伦辉,和爱军,等.西双版纳湿性季节雨林凋落物和叶虫食量研究[J].植物学报,1990,32(7):551-557.ZHENG Z,LIU L H,HE A J,et al.Litter fall and leaf consumption by animals in humid seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna,China[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1990,32(7):551-557.
[22]卢俊培,刘其汉.海南岛尖峰岭热带林凋落物研究初报[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1988,12(2):104-112.LU J P,LIU Q H.Litter-fall in tropical forest at Jianfengling Mountains,Hainan Island[J].Acta Phytoecologica Et Geobotanica Sinica,1988,12(2):104-112.
[23]原作强,李步杭,白雪娇,等.长白山阔叶红松林凋落物组成及其季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2171-2178.YUAN Z Q,LI B H,BAI X J,et al.Composition and seasonal dynamics of litter falls in a broad-leaved Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)mixed forest in Changbai Mountains,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2171-2178.
[24]闫文德,张学龙,王金叶,等.祁连山森林枯落物水文作用的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1997,12(2):7-14.YAN W D,ZHANG X L,WANG J Y,et al.Hydrological functions of forest litter in the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1997,12(2):7-14.
[25]杨智杰,陈光水,谢锦升,等.杉木、木荷纯林及其混交林凋落物量和碳归还量[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2235-2240.YANG Z J,CHEN G S,XIE J S,et al.Litter fall production and carbon return in Cunninghamia lanceolata,Schima superba,and their mixed plantations[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2235-2240.
[26]MOORE T R,TROFYMOW J A,PRESCOTT C E,et al.Patterns of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing foliar litter in Canadian forests[J].Ecosystems,2006,9(1):46-62.DOI:10.1007/s10021-004-0026-x.
[27]张新平,王襄平,朱彪,等.我国东北主要森林类型的凋落物产量及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1031-1040.DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.008.ZHANG X P,WANG X P,ZHU B,et al.Litter fall production in relation to environmental factors in Northeast China's forests[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(5):1031-1040.
[2]马玉珠,程栋梁,钟全林,等.中国森林凋落物不同组分异速比例关系[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(12):1071-1079.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00110.MA Y Z,CHENG D L,ZHONG Q L,et al.Allometric relationships among different components of forest litterfall in China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2013,37(12):1071-1079.
[3]HOORENS B,AERTS R,STROETENGA M.Does initial litter chemistry explain litter mixture effects on decomposition[J].Oecologia,2003,137:578-586.DOI:10.1007/s00442-003-1365-6.
[4]FIFE D N,NAMBIAR E K S,SAUR E.Retranslocation of foliar nutrients in evergreen tree species planted in a Mediterranean environment[J].Tree Physiology,2008,28:187-196.DOI:10.1093/treephys/28.2.187.
[5]YI C,JING W,YANG L,et al.Litter decomposition reduces either N2O or NO production in strongly acidic coniferous and broad-leaved forest soils under anaerobic conditions[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(3):549-557.DOI:10.1007/s11368-013-0795-y.
[6]HATTON P J,CASTANHA C,TORN M S,et al.Litter type control on soil C and N stabilization dynamics in a temperate forest[J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(3):1357-1367.DOI:10.1111/gcb.12786.
[7]徐旺明,闫文德,李洁冰,等.亚热带4种森林凋落物量及其动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7570-7575.XU W M,YAN W D,LI J B,et al.Amount and dynamic characteristics of litterfall in four forest types in subtropical China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(23):7570-7575.
[8]凌华,陈光水,陈志勤.中国森林凋落量的影响因子[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2009,4(4):66-71.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7105.2009.04.009.LING H,CHEN G S,CHEN Z Q.Controlling factors of litterfall in China’s forests[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2009,4(4):66-71.
[9]王凤友.森林凋落物研究概况[J].生态学进展,1989,6(2):82-89.WANG F Y.Review on the study of forest litterfall[J].Advance in Ecology,1989,6(2):82-89.
[10]程伯容,丁桂芳,许广山,等.长白山红松阔叶林的生物养分循环[J].土壤学报,1987,24(2):160-169.CHENG B R,DING G F,XU G S,et al.The nutrient cycling in the Korean pine-broadleaved forest of the Changbai Mountains[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1987,24(2):160-169.
[11]JOANNA F D,MARY C S,STRAKER C J.Litter production and accumulation in Pinus patula plantations of the Mpumalanga Province,South Africa[J].Plant and Soil,1998,203:183-190.
[12]熊红福,王世杰,容丽,等.普定喀斯特地区不同演替阶段植物群落凋落物动态[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(4):802-806.XIONG H F,WANG S J,RONG L,et al.Litterfall dynamics of plant communities at different succession stages in Karst area of Puding,Guizhou Province of Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(4):802-806.
[13]俞国松,王世杰,容丽,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落的凋落物动态[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(10):1019-1028.YU G S,WANG S J,RONG L,et al.Litter dynamics of major successional communities in Maolan Karst forest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(10):1019-1028.
[14]魏强,凌雷,王多锋,等.甘肃兴隆山主要森林类型凋落物累积量及其影响因子[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(6):818-825.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1498.2015.06.009.WEI Q,LING L,WANG D F,et al.Litter accumulation and its impact factor of three main forest communities in Xinglong Mountain,Gansu Province[J].Forest Research,2015,28(6):818-825.
[15]魏强,凌雷,张广忠,等.兴隆山森林群落不同演替阶段的结构特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):59-66.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.05.010.WEI Q,LING L,ZHANG G Z,et al.Structure characteristics of dominant tree species population in different succession stages of forest community in Xinglong Mountain[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(5):59-66.
[16]侯玲玲,毛子军,孙涛,等.小兴安岭十种典型森林群落凋落物生物量及其动态变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1994-2002.DOI:10.5846/stxb201111141725.HOU L L,MAO Z J,SUN T,et al.Dynamic of litterfall in ten typical community types of Xiaoxing'an Mountain,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(6):1994-2002.
[17]漆良华,蒋俊明,唐森强,等.川南山丘区典型退耕竹林凋落物产量动态与养分归还[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):17-22.DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131003.QI L H,JIANG J M,TANG S Q,et al.Litter product dynamics and nutrient returns of typical returning farmland to bamboo plantation in the Mountainous Region of southern Sichuan[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(10):17-22.
[18]范春楠,郭忠玲,郑金萍,等.磨盘山天然次生林凋落物数量及动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):633-641.DOI:10.5846/stxb201211021523.FAN C N,GUO Z L,ZHENG J P,et al.The amount and dynamics of litterfall in the natural secondary forest in Mopan Mountain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):633-641.
[19]王梦君,刘万德,徐崇华.中国西南季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段凋落物动态分析[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(2):372-378.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.02.0372.WANG M J,LIU W D,XU C H.Litter dynamic changes of community of monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest in different restoration stages in Southwest China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(2):372-378.
[20]官丽莉,周国逸,张德强,等.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物量20年动态研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):449-456.GUAN L L,ZHOU G Y,ZHANG D Q,et al.Twenty years of litter fall dynamics in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests at the dinghushan forest ecosystem research station[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(4):449-456.
[21]郑征,刘伦辉,和爱军,等.西双版纳湿性季节雨林凋落物和叶虫食量研究[J].植物学报,1990,32(7):551-557.ZHENG Z,LIU L H,HE A J,et al.Litter fall and leaf consumption by animals in humid seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna,China[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1990,32(7):551-557.
[22]卢俊培,刘其汉.海南岛尖峰岭热带林凋落物研究初报[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1988,12(2):104-112.LU J P,LIU Q H.Litter-fall in tropical forest at Jianfengling Mountains,Hainan Island[J].Acta Phytoecologica Et Geobotanica Sinica,1988,12(2):104-112.
[23]原作强,李步杭,白雪娇,等.长白山阔叶红松林凋落物组成及其季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2171-2178.YUAN Z Q,LI B H,BAI X J,et al.Composition and seasonal dynamics of litter falls in a broad-leaved Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)mixed forest in Changbai Mountains,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2171-2178.
[24]闫文德,张学龙,王金叶,等.祁连山森林枯落物水文作用的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1997,12(2):7-14.YAN W D,ZHANG X L,WANG J Y,et al.Hydrological functions of forest litter in the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1997,12(2):7-14.
[25]杨智杰,陈光水,谢锦升,等.杉木、木荷纯林及其混交林凋落物量和碳归还量[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2235-2240.YANG Z J,CHEN G S,XIE J S,et al.Litter fall production and carbon return in Cunninghamia lanceolata,Schima superba,and their mixed plantations[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2235-2240.
[26]MOORE T R,TROFYMOW J A,PRESCOTT C E,et al.Patterns of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing foliar litter in Canadian forests[J].Ecosystems,2006,9(1):46-62.DOI:10.1007/s10021-004-0026-x.
[27]张新平,王襄平,朱彪,等.我国东北主要森林类型的凋落物产量及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1031-1040.DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.008.ZHANG X P,WANG X P,ZHU B,et al.Litter fall production in relation to environmental factors in Northeast China's forests[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(5):1031-1040.