黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤水分变化特征
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摘要
选择黄土丘陵区砖窑沟流域不同土地利用方式为研究对象,在2016年6月至11月对0—300 cm土层土壤含水量进行监测,分析刺槐林、草地、柠条灌木林、小叶杨林、海红林和撂荒地6种土地利用方式下土壤含水量的垂直剖面分布特征、土壤贮水量的季节变异特征。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量随深度的变化自上而下均呈"S"状分布,随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量呈先增加后减小的趋势,具有明显的垂直变异特征。(2)不同土地利用方式具有不同的土壤湿度剖面,土壤水分活跃层、次活跃层、相对稳定层的深度范围不同。(3)6种土地利用方式下各土层的土壤贮水量均具有明显的季节变化特征,海红林的土壤贮水量最大,为258.21 mm,然后依次为小叶杨林、撂荒地、草地和刺槐林,柠条灌木林样地最小;监测期内土壤贮水量随时间呈增长趋势,在11月达到最大值。土壤含水量的变异系数均随着土层深度的增加逐渐递减,在100 cm以下土壤深层季节变异趋于稳定。研究认为,乔灌林消耗更多深层的土壤水分,柠条灌木林易引起土壤干燥化,海红林的土壤水分条件较好,撂荒地和草地土壤水分条件相对稳定。
This study investigated the effect of different land use types upon soil water content in the Loess Plateau region,China. The water of soil from different land-use types was examined from the depth of 0—300 cm at 20 cm intervals from June to November 2016. The temporal distribution characteristics of soil water content and seasonal variation of soil water storage capacity of six land-use types were analyzed. Those different land-use types included the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L.,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Populus simonii Carr.,or Malus micromalus Makino,and grassland or abandoned land. The results showed that:( 1) The soil water content increased at first,and then decreased with the depth of the soil.( 2) The depth range of the active layer,the secondary active layer and the relatively stable layer of the soil in different land-use types was different.( 3) The water storage capacity of each soil layer under the six land use types had obvious seasonal variation. The highest soil water storage capacity of the six land use types was 258.21 mm,which was M.micromalus Makino,followed by P. simonii Carr.,abandoned land,grassland and R. pseudoacacia L. The soil water storage capacity of C. korshinskii Kom. was the lowest. During the monitoring period,soil water storage generally increased,and it reached the maximum in November. The coefficient of variation of soil water content gradually decreased with the depth of soil layer. At a depth of 100 cm,the coefficient of variation of soil water content was stable. The results showed that trees and shrubs consumed more deep soil water,and C. korshinskii Kom. may lead to soil desiccation. M. micromalus Makino had a fine soil water condition. The soil water condition of abandoned land and grassland is relatively stable.
This study investigated the effect of different land use types upon soil water content in the Loess Plateau region,China. The water of soil from different land-use types was examined from the depth of 0—300 cm at 20 cm intervals from June to November 2016. The temporal distribution characteristics of soil water content and seasonal variation of soil water storage capacity of six land-use types were analyzed. Those different land-use types included the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L.,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Populus simonii Carr.,or Malus micromalus Makino,and grassland or abandoned land. The results showed that:( 1) The soil water content increased at first,and then decreased with the depth of the soil.( 2) The depth range of the active layer,the secondary active layer and the relatively stable layer of the soil in different land-use types was different.( 3) The water storage capacity of each soil layer under the six land use types had obvious seasonal variation. The highest soil water storage capacity of the six land use types was 258.21 mm,which was M.micromalus Makino,followed by P. simonii Carr.,abandoned land,grassland and R. pseudoacacia L. The soil water storage capacity of C. korshinskii Kom. was the lowest. During the monitoring period,soil water storage generally increased,and it reached the maximum in November. The coefficient of variation of soil water content gradually decreased with the depth of soil layer. At a depth of 100 cm,the coefficient of variation of soil water content was stable. The results showed that trees and shrubs consumed more deep soil water,and C. korshinskii Kom. may lead to soil desiccation. M. micromalus Makino had a fine soil water condition. The soil water condition of abandoned land and grassland is relatively stable.
引文
[1]黄奕龙,陈利顶,傅伯杰,张利萍,王仰麟.黄土丘陵小流域植被生态用水评价.水土保持学报,2005,19(2):152-155,194-194.
[2]莫保儒,蔡国军,杨磊,芦娟,王子婷,党宏忠,王多锋,戚建莉.半干旱黄土区成熟柠条林地土壤水分利用及平衡特征.生态学报,2013,33(13):4011-4020.
[3]王国祥.山西省科学造林研究.太原:山西科学技术出版社,2012:158-162.
[4]黄奕龙,陈利顶,傅伯杰,黄志霖,贵立德,吴祥林.黄土丘陵小流域地形和土地利用对土壤水分时空格局的影响.第四纪研究,20 03,23(3):334-342.
[5]王艳萍,王力,韩雪,杨文强.黄土塬区不同土地利用方式土壤水分消耗与补给变化特征.生态学报,2015,35(22):7571-7579.
[6]刘春利,邵明安.黄土高原六道沟流域不同土地利用方式下土壤水力特性及其对土壤水分的影响.应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2400-2407.
[7]白一茹,邵明安.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带不同土地利用方式坡面土壤水分特性研究.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):122-129.
[8]张北赢,徐学选,刘文兆,杜峰.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用的土壤水分灰色关联度.生态学报,2008,28(1):361-366.
[9]王国梁,刘国彬,党小虎.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤含水率的影响.农业工程学报,2009,25(2):31-35.
[10]高鹏,穆兴民.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤水分入渗的对比试验.中国水土保持科学,2005,3(4):27-31.
[11]程立平,刘文兆.黄土塬区土壤水分分布特征及其对不同土地利用方式的响应.农业工程学报,2011,27(9):203-207.
[12]夏江宝,杨吉华,李红云.不同外界条件下土壤入渗性能的研究.水土保持研究,2004,11(2):115-117,191-191.
[13]贾宁凤,段建南,李保国,李旭霖,陈焕伟.基于Ann AGNPS模型的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价.农业工程学报,2006,22(1 2):23-27.
[14]段建南.黄土高原土壤变化及其过程模拟.北京:中国农业出版社,2001:21-36.
[15]贾宁凤,李旭霖,陈焕伟,段建南,李保国,郭青霞.Ann AGNPS模型数据库的建立——以黄土丘陵沟壑区砖窑沟流域为例.农业环境科学学报,2006,25(2):436-441.
[16]肖列,刘国彬,薛萐,张超.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤水分及地上生物量的影响.水土保持通报,2016,36(4):204-209,215-215.
[17]王孟本,李洪建.柠条林蒸腾状况与土壤水分动态研究.水土保持通报,1990,10(6):85-90.
[18]樊军,郝明德,邵明安.黄土旱塬农业生态系统土壤深层水分消耗与水分生态环境效应.农业工程学报,2004,20(1):61-64.
[19]马骥,张维江.六盘山地区不同林地土壤水分动态变化特征初探.宁夏工程技术,2016,15(2):167-170.
[20]梁一民,杨文治.黄土高原人工林草地水分生态条件及生产力//杨文治,余存祖.黄土高原区域治理与评价.北京:科学出版社,19 92:241-297.
[21]马月存,秦红灵,高旺盛,陈源泉,李向东,隋鹏,黄凤球.农牧交错带不同耕作方式土壤水分动态变化特征.生态学报,2007,27(6):2523-2530.
[22]程立平,刘文兆,李志.黄土塬区不同土地利用方式下深层土壤水分变化特征.生态学报,2014,34(8):1975-1983.
[23]胡良军,邵明安.黄土高原植被恢复的水分生态环境研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1045-1048.
[24]刘海隆,蒋太明,刘洪斌,肖厚军,夏锦慧.不同土地利用方式对岩溶山区旱坡地土壤水分时空分异的影响.土壤学报,2005,42(3):428-433.
[2]莫保儒,蔡国军,杨磊,芦娟,王子婷,党宏忠,王多锋,戚建莉.半干旱黄土区成熟柠条林地土壤水分利用及平衡特征.生态学报,2013,33(13):4011-4020.
[3]王国祥.山西省科学造林研究.太原:山西科学技术出版社,2012:158-162.
[4]黄奕龙,陈利顶,傅伯杰,黄志霖,贵立德,吴祥林.黄土丘陵小流域地形和土地利用对土壤水分时空格局的影响.第四纪研究,20 03,23(3):334-342.
[5]王艳萍,王力,韩雪,杨文强.黄土塬区不同土地利用方式土壤水分消耗与补给变化特征.生态学报,2015,35(22):7571-7579.
[6]刘春利,邵明安.黄土高原六道沟流域不同土地利用方式下土壤水力特性及其对土壤水分的影响.应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2400-2407.
[7]白一茹,邵明安.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带不同土地利用方式坡面土壤水分特性研究.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):122-129.
[8]张北赢,徐学选,刘文兆,杜峰.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用的土壤水分灰色关联度.生态学报,2008,28(1):361-366.
[9]王国梁,刘国彬,党小虎.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤含水率的影响.农业工程学报,2009,25(2):31-35.
[10]高鹏,穆兴民.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤水分入渗的对比试验.中国水土保持科学,2005,3(4):27-31.
[11]程立平,刘文兆.黄土塬区土壤水分分布特征及其对不同土地利用方式的响应.农业工程学报,2011,27(9):203-207.
[12]夏江宝,杨吉华,李红云.不同外界条件下土壤入渗性能的研究.水土保持研究,2004,11(2):115-117,191-191.
[13]贾宁凤,段建南,李保国,李旭霖,陈焕伟.基于Ann AGNPS模型的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价.农业工程学报,2006,22(1 2):23-27.
[14]段建南.黄土高原土壤变化及其过程模拟.北京:中国农业出版社,2001:21-36.
[15]贾宁凤,李旭霖,陈焕伟,段建南,李保国,郭青霞.Ann AGNPS模型数据库的建立——以黄土丘陵沟壑区砖窑沟流域为例.农业环境科学学报,2006,25(2):436-441.
[16]肖列,刘国彬,薛萐,张超.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤水分及地上生物量的影响.水土保持通报,2016,36(4):204-209,215-215.
[17]王孟本,李洪建.柠条林蒸腾状况与土壤水分动态研究.水土保持通报,1990,10(6):85-90.
[18]樊军,郝明德,邵明安.黄土旱塬农业生态系统土壤深层水分消耗与水分生态环境效应.农业工程学报,2004,20(1):61-64.
[19]马骥,张维江.六盘山地区不同林地土壤水分动态变化特征初探.宁夏工程技术,2016,15(2):167-170.
[20]梁一民,杨文治.黄土高原人工林草地水分生态条件及生产力//杨文治,余存祖.黄土高原区域治理与评价.北京:科学出版社,19 92:241-297.
[21]马月存,秦红灵,高旺盛,陈源泉,李向东,隋鹏,黄凤球.农牧交错带不同耕作方式土壤水分动态变化特征.生态学报,2007,27(6):2523-2530.
[22]程立平,刘文兆,李志.黄土塬区不同土地利用方式下深层土壤水分变化特征.生态学报,2014,34(8):1975-1983.
[23]胡良军,邵明安.黄土高原植被恢复的水分生态环境研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1045-1048.
[24]刘海隆,蒋太明,刘洪斌,肖厚军,夏锦慧.不同土地利用方式对岩溶山区旱坡地土壤水分时空分异的影响.土壤学报,2005,42(3):428-433.