北京南口-孙河断裂带(北段)的结构及活动性
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摘要
通过可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、浅层地震和高密度电法地球物理探测手段建立的联合剖面对比,同时开展钻探工程及古地磁样品测试,对南口-孙河断裂带(北段)结构及活动性进行研究。南口-孙河断裂带(北段)由1条主断裂和1条次级断裂组成,断裂带宽约400m,表现为阶梯状断层,向上延伸至第四系。第四纪以来,断裂带活动显著,体现为松散层浅部引张的特点。根据断裂两盘第四纪以来各阶段累积垂直落差,计算出主断裂及次级断裂的活动速率。主断裂在早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世、全新世活动速率分别为0.161mm/a、0.072mm/a、0.468mm/a、0.52mm/a,次级断裂在早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世、全新世活动速率分别0.049mm/a、0.052mm/a、0.223mm/a、0.04mm/a。
In this paper, three geophysical exploration methods, i.e., controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding(CSAMT), shallow seismic and high density resistivity method, were used to establish combined profile for comparison together with drilling engineering and paleomagnetic sample tests, to study the structure and activity of the north part of Nankou-Sunhe fault. The north part of Nankou-Sunhe fault consists of one main fault and one secondary fault. The fault zone is as wide as 400 m, exhibiting a step fault extending upwards to the Quaternary strata. Since Quaternary, the activity of fault zone has been remarkable, which reflects the extensional stress environment in the shallow loose layer. According to the accumulated vertical drop of the two plate of the fault in various stages of the Quaternary period, the activity rate of the main fault and its secondary faults were calculated. The main fault in the Early Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, Late Pleistocene and Holocene were 0.161 mm/a, 0.072 mm/a, 0.468 mm/a and 0.52 mm/a respectively. The secondary fault in the Early Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, Late Pleistocene and Holocene were 0.049 mm/a,0.052 mm/a, 0.223 mm/a and 0.04 mm/a respectively.
In this paper, three geophysical exploration methods, i.e., controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding(CSAMT), shallow seismic and high density resistivity method, were used to establish combined profile for comparison together with drilling engineering and paleomagnetic sample tests, to study the structure and activity of the north part of Nankou-Sunhe fault. The north part of Nankou-Sunhe fault consists of one main fault and one secondary fault. The fault zone is as wide as 400 m, exhibiting a step fault extending upwards to the Quaternary strata. Since Quaternary, the activity of fault zone has been remarkable, which reflects the extensional stress environment in the shallow loose layer. According to the accumulated vertical drop of the two plate of the fault in various stages of the Quaternary period, the activity rate of the main fault and its secondary faults were calculated. The main fault in the Early Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, Late Pleistocene and Holocene were 0.161 mm/a, 0.072 mm/a, 0.468 mm/a and 0.52 mm/a respectively. The secondary fault in the Early Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, Late Pleistocene and Holocene were 0.049 mm/a,0.052 mm/a, 0.223 mm/a and 0.04 mm/a respectively.
引文
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[13]方盛明,张先康,刘保金,等.城市活断层地震勘探的最佳组合方法与应用研究[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):646-654.
[14]侯治华,钟南才,郝彦军,等.应用高密度电法探测北京南口-孙河隐伏断裂[J].防灾科技学院学报,2011,13(1):1-6.
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[16]常旭,李林新,刘伊克,等.北京断陷黄庄-高丽营断层伪随机可控震源地震剖面[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1503-1510.
[17]柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测--以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):536-546.
[18]吕金波,车用太,郑桂森,等.应用地球化学方法确定北京地区活动断裂的位置[J].北京地质,2009,4(4):8-14.
[19]唐伯雄,吴国华.重力测量研究断裂活动的尝试[J].地震,1991,(6):75-78.
[20]董运洪,罗三明.南口-孙河断裂和南口山前断裂北段断层活动参数的重力反演[J].国际地震动态,2012,(6):217-217.
[21]姚琳.地球物理勘探在活断层探测中的应用[J].中国西部科技,2010,9(25):57-58.
[22]薛建,贾建秀,黄航,等.应用探地雷达探测活动断层[J].吉林大学学报(地),2008,38(2):347-350.
[23]张迪,李家存,吴中海,等.探地雷达在探测玉树走滑断裂带活动性中的初步应用[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):204-216.
[24]李建军,张军龙.探地雷达在探测隐伏活动断层中的应用[J].地震,2015,35(4):83-89.
[25]丁政,谢瑞征,张大其,等.用地球化学方法对郯庐断裂带江苏段隐伏断裂的测量研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,1991,(4):32-38.
[26]周慧玲,苏鹤军,张慧,等.广义海原断裂带断层气地球化学特征与地震活动性关系对比研究[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(2):278-284.
[27]Meng G.Study on Activity and Segmentation of Active Fault Using Measurements of Radon and Mercury Gases[J].Earthquake Research in China,1997,(3):33-42.
[28]徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):9-19.
[29]张世民,王丹丹,刘旭东,等.北京南口-孙河断裂带北段晚第四纪活动的层序地层学研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(4):729-743.
[30]张世民,王丹丹,刘旭东,等.北京南口-孙河断裂晚第四纪古地震事件的钻孔剖面对比与分析[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(7):881-895.
[31]柯柏林.北京平原区北部孙河断裂的地热地质特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):43-48.
[32]Dolan J F,Stevens D,Rockwell T K.Paleoseismologic evidence for an early to mid-Holocene age of the most recent surface rupture on the Hollywood Fault,Los Angeles,California[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90:334-344.
[33]Marco S,Agnon A.High-resolution stratigraphy reveals repeated earthquake faulting in the Masada Fault Zone,Dead Sea Transform[J].Tectonophysics,2005,408:101-112.
[34]Guccione M J,Marple R,Autin W J.Evidence for Holocene displacements on the Bootheel fault(lineament)in southeastern Missouri:seismotectonic implications for the New Madrid region[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,2005,117:319-333.
[35]McHugh C M G,Seeber L,Cormier M H.Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea,Turkey:a model for transform basin sedimentation[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2006,248:661-684.
[36]朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等.福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:246-279.
[37]白凌燕,张磊,蔡向民,等.磁性地层年代对北京平原顺义断裂第四纪活动性的约束[J].现代地质,2014,28(6):1234-1242.
[38]张磊,何静,白凌燕,等.北京凹陷北缘第四纪凹陷盆地沉积速率变化特征与顺义断裂活动性的响应关系[J].中国地质,2016,43(2):511-519.
[39]Cande S C,Kent D V.Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B4):6093-6095.
(1)石油工业部646厂6大队.北京地区重力面积工作总结报告.1969.
(2)北京地震地质办公室.北京地震地质会战第四专题成果:北京平原区全新世构造活动调查研究.1982.
(3)王继明,张磊,赵勇,等.北京平原区活动断裂监测专项地质调查报告.北京市地质调查研究院,2013.
(4)孙永华,王增护.沙河镇幅区域地质调查成果报告.北京市地质调查研究院,2016.
[2]车兆宏.南口-孙河断层活动性研究[J].地震地质,1994,(2):114-120.
[3]向宏发,方仲景.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究[J].地震研究,1995,(1):75-79.
[4]江娃利,侯治华,谢新生.北京平原南口-孙河断裂带昌平旧县探槽古地震事件研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(6):501-509.
[5]张磊,白凌燕,蔡向民,等.北京南口-孙河断裂北西段综合物探剖面定位及其活动性研究[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):234-242.
[6]张磊,白凌燕,蔡向民,等.北京平原南口-孙河断裂带北西段活动性分析[J].中国地质,2014,41(3):902-911.
[7]张磊,白凌燕,蔡向民,等.北京平原南口-孙河断裂南段第四纪活动性的磁性地层学研究[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(2):1-9.
[8]张磊,张晓亮,白凌燕,等.北京平原沙河凹陷第四纪磁性地层学研究及其新构造运动的沉积响应[J].中国地质,2016,43(3):1076-1084.
[9]张磊,白凌燕,赵勇,等.北京南口-孙河断裂与黄庄-高丽营断裂交会区沉积速率差异对断裂活动性的响应[J].地震地质,2017,39(5):1048-1065.
[10]黄宗理,张良弼,等.地球科学大辞典[M].北京:北京地质出版社,2006.
[11]邓启东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):601-605.
[12]向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞,等.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究[J].地震研究,1995,(1):75-79.
[13]方盛明,张先康,刘保金,等.城市活断层地震勘探的最佳组合方法与应用研究[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):646-654.
[14]侯治华,钟南才,郝彦军,等.应用高密度电法探测北京南口-孙河隐伏断裂[J].防灾科技学院学报,2011,13(1):1-6.
[15]胡平,刘保金,白立新,等.奥林匹克公园地区隐伏断裂综合探测[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1486-1494.
[16]常旭,李林新,刘伊克,等.北京断陷黄庄-高丽营断层伪随机可控震源地震剖面[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1503-1510.
[17]柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测--以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):536-546.
[18]吕金波,车用太,郑桂森,等.应用地球化学方法确定北京地区活动断裂的位置[J].北京地质,2009,4(4):8-14.
[19]唐伯雄,吴国华.重力测量研究断裂活动的尝试[J].地震,1991,(6):75-78.
[20]董运洪,罗三明.南口-孙河断裂和南口山前断裂北段断层活动参数的重力反演[J].国际地震动态,2012,(6):217-217.
[21]姚琳.地球物理勘探在活断层探测中的应用[J].中国西部科技,2010,9(25):57-58.
[22]薛建,贾建秀,黄航,等.应用探地雷达探测活动断层[J].吉林大学学报(地),2008,38(2):347-350.
[23]张迪,李家存,吴中海,等.探地雷达在探测玉树走滑断裂带活动性中的初步应用[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):204-216.
[24]李建军,张军龙.探地雷达在探测隐伏活动断层中的应用[J].地震,2015,35(4):83-89.
[25]丁政,谢瑞征,张大其,等.用地球化学方法对郯庐断裂带江苏段隐伏断裂的测量研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,1991,(4):32-38.
[26]周慧玲,苏鹤军,张慧,等.广义海原断裂带断层气地球化学特征与地震活动性关系对比研究[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(2):278-284.
[27]Meng G.Study on Activity and Segmentation of Active Fault Using Measurements of Radon and Mercury Gases[J].Earthquake Research in China,1997,(3):33-42.
[28]徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):9-19.
[29]张世民,王丹丹,刘旭东,等.北京南口-孙河断裂带北段晚第四纪活动的层序地层学研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(4):729-743.
[30]张世民,王丹丹,刘旭东,等.北京南口-孙河断裂晚第四纪古地震事件的钻孔剖面对比与分析[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(7):881-895.
[31]柯柏林.北京平原区北部孙河断裂的地热地质特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):43-48.
[32]Dolan J F,Stevens D,Rockwell T K.Paleoseismologic evidence for an early to mid-Holocene age of the most recent surface rupture on the Hollywood Fault,Los Angeles,California[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90:334-344.
[33]Marco S,Agnon A.High-resolution stratigraphy reveals repeated earthquake faulting in the Masada Fault Zone,Dead Sea Transform[J].Tectonophysics,2005,408:101-112.
[34]Guccione M J,Marple R,Autin W J.Evidence for Holocene displacements on the Bootheel fault(lineament)in southeastern Missouri:seismotectonic implications for the New Madrid region[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,2005,117:319-333.
[35]McHugh C M G,Seeber L,Cormier M H.Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea,Turkey:a model for transform basin sedimentation[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2006,248:661-684.
[36]朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等.福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:246-279.
[37]白凌燕,张磊,蔡向民,等.磁性地层年代对北京平原顺义断裂第四纪活动性的约束[J].现代地质,2014,28(6):1234-1242.
[38]张磊,何静,白凌燕,等.北京凹陷北缘第四纪凹陷盆地沉积速率变化特征与顺义断裂活动性的响应关系[J].中国地质,2016,43(2):511-519.
[39]Cande S C,Kent D V.Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B4):6093-6095.
(1)石油工业部646厂6大队.北京地区重力面积工作总结报告.1969.
(2)北京地震地质办公室.北京地震地质会战第四专题成果:北京平原区全新世构造活动调查研究.1982.
(3)王继明,张磊,赵勇,等.北京平原区活动断裂监测专项地质调查报告.北京市地质调查研究院,2013.
(4)孙永华,王增护.沙河镇幅区域地质调查成果报告.北京市地质调查研究院,2016.