哈尔滨市不同生境类型春季麻雀种群密度差异分析
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摘要
城市中不同功能区内的生境环境各不相同,常见的功能区为景区、人工林、校园及居民区,研究城市不同生境类型对麻雀种群数量的影响可以对城市进一步建设和管理提供参考。本试验选取哈尔滨市太阳岛部分景区、东北林业大学林场、哈尔滨医科大学校园及哈尔滨市南岗区大众新城居民小区作为研究点。通过样方与样线法采集不同生境下的麻雀数量,使用SPSS 19. 1软件进行分析得到麻雀的种群密度。通过t检验得出结论为:城市不同功能区内的同一绿地种类中麻雀种群密度之间差异极显著,就均值来看麻雀种群密度大小依次为:太阳岛、大众新城、哈医大校园、东北林业大学林场,因此相对来说麻雀更喜欢太阳岛(风景区),其次是大众新城(居民区),然后是哈医大(高校校园),最后是校林场(人工林)。同时,通过t检验得到高校校园功能区中不同绿地种类的麻雀种群密度间差异也极显著,结果中均值显示麻雀种群密度从大到小依次为:林草混合地、林荫路、草地,因此相对来说麻雀更喜欢林草混合地,其次是林荫路,最后是草地。
The habitats provided by different functional areas in cities are different. The common functional areas are scenic spots,artificial forests,campuses,and residential areas. Studying the impact of different urban habitats on sparrow populations can provide reference for further urban construction and management. In this study,we selected habitats in some scenic spots of Sun Island in Harbin,forest farm of Northeast Forestry University( NEFU),campus of Harbin Medical University( HMU) and residential quarters of Dazhong New Town in Nangang District of Harbin.Sparrows were counted in different habitats by quadrat method and line transect method. The population density of sparrows was calculated by SPSS19. 1 software. T test showed that sparrow population density in similar types of green spaces of different urban functional areas varied significantly. Mean population density of sparrow was highest in Sun Island,followed by Dazhong New Town,campus of HMU,and the school forest of NEFU. Therefore,sparrows preferred Sun Island( scenic spot),followed by Dazhong New Town( residential areas),campus of HMU( university campus),and the NEFU artificial forest. The variation of sparrow population density among different green spaces in the campus of the university was significant. The mean density of sparrow was greatest in forest-grass mixed habitat,followed by landscaped avenue,and turfgrass.Therefore,the sparrow preferred the forest-grass mixed habitat,followed by landscaped avenue,and turfgrass.
The habitats provided by different functional areas in cities are different. The common functional areas are scenic spots,artificial forests,campuses,and residential areas. Studying the impact of different urban habitats on sparrow populations can provide reference for further urban construction and management. In this study,we selected habitats in some scenic spots of Sun Island in Harbin,forest farm of Northeast Forestry University( NEFU),campus of Harbin Medical University( HMU) and residential quarters of Dazhong New Town in Nangang District of Harbin.Sparrows were counted in different habitats by quadrat method and line transect method. The population density of sparrows was calculated by SPSS19. 1 software. T test showed that sparrow population density in similar types of green spaces of different urban functional areas varied significantly. Mean population density of sparrow was highest in Sun Island,followed by Dazhong New Town,campus of HMU,and the school forest of NEFU. Therefore,sparrows preferred Sun Island( scenic spot),followed by Dazhong New Town( residential areas),campus of HMU( university campus),and the NEFU artificial forest. The variation of sparrow population density among different green spaces in the campus of the university was significant. The mean density of sparrow was greatest in forest-grass mixed habitat,followed by landscaped avenue,and turfgrass.Therefore,the sparrow preferred the forest-grass mixed habitat,followed by landscaped avenue,and turfgrass.
引文
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[2]陆祎玮,唐思贤,史慧玲,等.上海城市绿地冬季鸟类群落特征与生境的关系[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(5):125-130.
[3]张淑萍.城市化对鸟类分布的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):2018-2023.
[4]王彦平.鸟类对城市化的适应性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[5]SMITH S J D.Studies of west palaearctic bird[J].British Birds,1998,91(4):124-138.
[6]张淑萍,郑光美,徐基良.城市化对城市麻雀栖息地利用的影响:以北京市为例[J].生物多样性,2006,14(5):372-381.
[7]BUCKLAND S T,ANDERSON D R,BURNHAM K P,et al.Distance sampling:estimating abundance of biological populations[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1993.
[8]SUTHERLAND W J.Ecological census techniques:a handbook[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996.
[9]SOUTHWOOD T R E,HENDERSON P A.Ecological methods[M].3rd ed.London:Blackwell Science Ltd,2000.