构造导向滤波技术在断裂识别中的应用
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摘要
断层解释是地震资料解释的基础与关键,准确合理的断裂解释对已发现油藏认识与下一步勘探开发部署方案起着至关重要的作用。随着油田对断层解释精度需求的日益提高,单纯通过人工解释无论是从工作量上还是从识别准确度上都无法满足要求,因此多种用于断层识别的计算方法和属性应运而生。本文对研究区原始地震资料进行多窗口倾角检测和构造导向滤波处理,在保证资料频率、相位、能量特性基本不变的情况下,使其更适用于断裂识别,提升断层识别的精度,进一步达到落实构造圈闭的目的。
The fault interpretation is the basis and key of seismic interpretation.An accurate and reasonable fault interpretation plays a vital role in understanding discovered reservoirs and the next exploration and development plan.The conventional manual interpretation cannot achieve a higher accuracy of fault interpretation.Therefore,a few calculation methods and attributes for fault identification are proposed.To accurately identify faults,we start from the data processing.The dip scanning in multi-windows and the structure-oriented filter are used in seismic data processing to make sure that characteristics of seismic amplitude,frequency,and phase are unchanged.So the processed seismic data are more suitable for fault and fracture identification.And there,faults are well identified and lithologic traps are depicted.
The fault interpretation is the basis and key of seismic interpretation.An accurate and reasonable fault interpretation plays a vital role in understanding discovered reservoirs and the next exploration and development plan.The conventional manual interpretation cannot achieve a higher accuracy of fault interpretation.Therefore,a few calculation methods and attributes for fault identification are proposed.To accurately identify faults,we start from the data processing.The dip scanning in multi-windows and the structure-oriented filter are used in seismic data processing to make sure that characteristics of seismic amplitude,frequency,and phase are unchanged.So the processed seismic data are more suitable for fault and fracture identification.And there,faults are well identified and lithologic traps are depicted.
引文
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[15] Richard J L.Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures using Gaussian curvature analysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(2):55-60.
[16] 凌东明,尹宁,张建伟,等.哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏内部小断裂地震识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):141-145.LING Dongming,YIN Ning,ZHANG Jianwei,et al.Minor fault identification in Donghe sandstone re-servoirs,Hadson Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):141-145.
[17] 付广,王浩然.利用地震资料预测油源断裂有利输导油气部位[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):161-168.FU Guang,WANG Haoran.Prediction of favorable oil-gas transportation parts of oil-source faults on seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(1):161-168.
[18] 纪学武,彭忻,臧殿光,等.多属性微断裂解释技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):117-120. JI Xuewu,PENG Xin,ZANG Dianguang,et al.Micro-fault interpretation by multiple attributes[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2011,46(S1):117-120.
[19] 李操,周莉莉,姜岩,等.大庆长垣油田井震结合断层解释技术及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):548-552.LI Cao,ZHOU Lili,JIANG Yan,et al.Fault inter-pretation based on integration of well and seismic data in Changyuan Oilfield,Daqing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):548-552.
[20] 周元茂,陈学华,罗鑫,等.组合型方位体曲率分析方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1253-1260.ZHOU Yuanmao,CHEN Xuehua,LUO Xin,et al.Anintegrated volumetric curvature analysis[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1253-1260.
[2] Gibbs A D,Tankard A J,Balkwill H R.Extensional tectonics of the north Atlantic margins[C].AAPG Memoir,1989,46:81-93.
[3] 冯占奎.望奎—兰西地区地震资料综合解释与构造特征研究[D].黑龙江大庆:东北石油大学,2011.FENG Zhankui.The Research of Seismic Interpretion and Structure of Wangkui-Lanxi Region[D].Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang,2011.
[4] Morley C K.Extension,Detachment and sedimenta-tion in continental rifts(with particular reference to East Africa)[J].Tectonics,1989,8(6):1175-1192.
[5] 李泽.云南省南涧地区哀牢山构造带物质组成特征及构造演化[D].四川成都:成都理工大学,2014.LI Ze.The Mineral Composition and Structure Evolution of Yunnan Nanjian structure Transition zone[D].Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan,2014.
[6] 陈凤,李金宗,李冬冬.提高地震图像信噪比的非线性各向异性扩散算法模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):77-80.CHEN Feng,LI Jinzong,LI Dongdong.A model of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion for increasing signal to noise ratio of seismic image[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):77-80.
[7] 刘洋,王典,刘财,等.局部相关加权中值滤波技术及其在叠后随机噪声衰减中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):358-367.LIU Yang,WANG Dian,LIU Cai,et al.Structure-oriented filtering and fault detection based on nonstationary similarity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(2):358-367.
[8] 王伟,高静怀,陈文超,等.基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1732-1741.WANG Wei,GAO Jinghuai,CHEN Wenchao,et al.Random seismic noise suppression via structure-adaptive median filter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophy-sics,55(5):1732-1741.
[9] 王绪松,杨长春.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,2016,21(2):452-457.WANG Xusong,YANG Changchun.An edge pre-serving smoothing algorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusion equation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,21(2):452-457.
[10] 严哲,顾汉明,蔡成国.基于各向异性扩散滤波的地震图像增强处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(3):390-394.YAN Zhe,GU Hanming,CAI Chengguo.Seismic image enhancement based on anisotropic diffusion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(3):390-394.
[11] Bondar I.Seismic horizon detection using image pro-cessing algorithms[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1992,40(7):785-800.
[12] Pedersen S I,Randen T,Sonneland L.Automatic fault extraction using artificial ants[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:512-515.
[13] 杨宁,贺振华,文晓涛,等.基于倾向扩散因子的SOF地震图像增强方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):833-835.YANG Ning,HE Zhenhua,WEN Xiaotao,et al.SOF seismic image enhancement method based on the dip diffusion factor[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(6):833-835.
[14] 杨培杰,穆星,张景涛.方向性边界保持断层增强技术[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2992-2997.YANG Peijie,MU Xing,ZHANG Jingtao.Orientational edge preserving fault enhance[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(12):2992-2997.
[15] Richard J L.Detection of zones of abnormal strains in structures using Gaussian curvature analysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(2):55-60.
[16] 凌东明,尹宁,张建伟,等.哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏内部小断裂地震识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):141-145.LING Dongming,YIN Ning,ZHANG Jianwei,et al.Minor fault identification in Donghe sandstone re-servoirs,Hadson Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):141-145.
[17] 付广,王浩然.利用地震资料预测油源断裂有利输导油气部位[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):161-168.FU Guang,WANG Haoran.Prediction of favorable oil-gas transportation parts of oil-source faults on seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(1):161-168.
[18] 纪学武,彭忻,臧殿光,等.多属性微断裂解释技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):117-120. JI Xuewu,PENG Xin,ZANG Dianguang,et al.Micro-fault interpretation by multiple attributes[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2011,46(S1):117-120.
[19] 李操,周莉莉,姜岩,等.大庆长垣油田井震结合断层解释技术及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):548-552.LI Cao,ZHOU Lili,JIANG Yan,et al.Fault inter-pretation based on integration of well and seismic data in Changyuan Oilfield,Daqing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):548-552.
[20] 周元茂,陈学华,罗鑫,等.组合型方位体曲率分析方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1253-1260.ZHOU Yuanmao,CHEN Xuehua,LUO Xin,et al.Anintegrated volumetric curvature analysis[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1253-1260.